(2) Significant accounting policies and key accounting estimates and Judgements
2.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements
These financial statements are the separate financial statements of the Company (also called standalone financial statements)
prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS') notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act. 2013. read
together with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules. 2015 (as amended).
These financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of
accounting except for certain financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting
period. as stated in the accounting policies set out below The accounting policies have been applied consistently over all the
periods presented in these financial statements
The financial statements are presented in Indian rupee and all values are rounded to the nearest rupee. except when otherwise
indicated
2.2 Current / Non-Current Classification
Any asset or liability is classified as current if it satisfies any of the following conditions:
> the asset/liability is expected to be realized/settled in the Company's normal operating cycle;
> the asset is intended for sale or consumption;
> the asset/liability is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
> the asset/liability is expected to be realized/settled within twelve months after the reporting period;
> the asset is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a
liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.
> in the case of a liability, the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the
liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date
All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.
Operating cycle
Operating cycle of the Company is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash
equivalents As the Company's normal operating cycle is not clearly identifiable, it is assumed to be twelve months.
2.3 Summary of significant accounting policies
a) Property. Plant and Equipment
Measurement at recognition
An item of property, plant and equipment that qualifies as an asset is measured on initial recognition at cost Following initial
recognition, items of property, plant and equipment are earned at its cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated
impairment losses
The Company identifies and determines cost of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment separately, if the part has a
cost which is significant to the total cost of that item of property, plant and equipment and has useful life that is materially different
from that of the remaining item
The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises of its purchase price including import duties and other non
refundable purchase taxes or levies, directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and
the initial estimate of decommissioning restoration and similar liabilities, if any Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in
arriving at the purchase price. Cost includes cost of replacing a part of a plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met
Expenses directly attributable to new manufacturing facility during its construction period are capitalized if the recognition criteria
are met Expenditure related to plans, designs and drawings of buildings or plant and machinery is capitalized under relevant
heads of property, plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met.
Items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and servicing equipment that meet the definition of property, plant and equipment
are capitalized at cost and depreciated over their useful life Costs in nature of repairs and maintenance are recognized in the
Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred
Capital work in progress and Capital advances.
Cost of assets not ready for intended use. as on the Balance Sheet date, is shown as capital work in progress. Advances given
towards acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at each Balance Sheet date are disclosed as Other Non-Current Assets
Depreciation
Depreciation on each part of an item of property, plant and equipment is provided using the Written Down Value (WDV) Method
based on the useful life of the asset as estimated by the management and is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as per
the requirement of Schedule II of the Companies Act. 2013. The estimate of the useful life of the assets has been assessed
based on technical advice which considers the nature of the asset, the usage of the asset, expected physical wear and tear, the
operating conditions of the asset, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers warranties and maintenance support, etc The
Freehold land is not depreciated
The Company, based on technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate, depreciates certain items of
property plant and equipment (as mentioned below) over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful lives prescribed
under Schedule II to the Companies Act. 2013 (Schedule III). The management believes that these estimated useful lives are
realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used
Information Technology Hardware are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of 10 years, which is higher than the life
prescribed in Schedule II
The useful lives. residual values of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment and the depreciation methods are
reviewed at the end of each financial year If any of these expectations differ from previous estimates, such change is accounted
for as a change in an accounting estimate
Derecognition:
The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment is derecogni2ed on disposal or when no future economic benefits
are expected from its use or disposal The gain or loss arising from the Derecognition of an item of properly, plant and equipment
is measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item and is recognized in the
Statement of Profit and Loss when the item is derecognized.
b) Intangible assets
Measurement at recognition:
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Intangible assets arising on acquisition of
business are measured at fair value as at date of acquisition. Internally generated intangibles including research cost are not
capitalized and the related expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the expenditure is
incurred. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment loss, if any
Amortization.
Intangible Assets with finite lives are amortized on a Straight Line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The amortization
expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss The estimated useful life of
intangible assets is mentioned below
Years
Information Technology Software 10
The Company, based on technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate, depreciates Information
Technology Software (as mentioned below) over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful lives prescribed under
Schedule II to the Companies Act. 2013 (Schedule III) The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic
and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used
Information Technology Software are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of 10 years, which is higher than the life
prescribed in Schedule II
The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with finite useful life is reviewed at the end of each
financial year if any of these expectations differ from previous estimates, such change is accounted for as a change in an
accounting estimate
'
Derecognition
The carrying amount of an intangible asset is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected frorri its
use or disposal The gain or loss arising from the Derecognition of an intangible asset is measured as the difference between the
net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the intangible asset and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when
the asset is derecognized.
c) Impairment
Assets that have an indefinite useful life, for example goodwill, are not subject to amortization and are tested for impairment
annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired Assets that are subject to depreciation and
amortization are reviewed for impairment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amount may not be
recoverable Such circumstances include, though are not limited to. significant or sustained decline in revenues or earnings and
material adverse changes in the economic environment
An impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generating unit (CGU) exceeds its
recoverable amount The recoverable amount of an asset is the greater of its fair value less cost to sell and value in use. To
calculate value in use. the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that
reflects current market rates and the risk specific to the asset For an asset that does not generate largely independent cash
inflows, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs Fair value less cost to sell is the best
estimate of the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties,
less the cost of disposal
Impairment losses. If any. are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss and included in depreciation and amortization
expenses Impairment losses are reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount
does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined if no impairment loss had previously been recognized
d) Revenue
Effective April.1 2018. The Company adopted Ind AS 115 "Revenue from Contract with Customer Ind AS 115 supersedes ind
AS 11. Construction Contract and Ind AS 18. Revenue
Ind AS 115 requires an entity to report information regarding nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows
arising from a contract with customers
Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the
consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services
The impact of application of the Standard is not material
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume
rebates allowed by the Company.
Revenue includes only the gross inflows of economic benefits received and receivable by the Company, on its own account.
Amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as GST are excluded from revenue
Sale of products
Revenue from sale of products is recognized when the Company transfers all significant risks and rewards of ownership to the
buyer, while the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement nor effective control over the products sold
Rendering of services:
Revenue from services is recognized when the stage of completion can be measured reliably Stage of completion is measured
by the services performed till Balance Sheet date as a percentage of total services contracted.
Interest, royalties and dividends
Interest income is recognized using effective interest method. DEPB licence income / MEIS licence income / FPS income is
recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement. Dividend income is recognized when
the right to receive payment is established.
e) Inventory
Raw materials, work-in-progress, finished goods, packing materials. stores, spares, components and consumables are earned at
the lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in production of inventories are not
written down below cost if the finished goods in which they will be incorporated are expected lo be sold at or above cost The
comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by item basis.
In determining the cost of raw materials, packing materials. stores, spares, components and consumables, first in first out cost
method is used Cost of inventory comprises all costs of purchase, duties, taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from
tax authorities) and all other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition
Cost of finished goods and work-in-progress includes the cost of raw materials. packing materials, an appropriate share of fixed
and variable production overheads, excise duty as applicable and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present
location and condition. Fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal capacity of production facilities
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the
estimated costs necessary to make the sale
The Company recognizes a financial asset in its Balance Sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the
instrument All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value, plus in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value
through profit or loss (FVTPl). transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset
Where the fair value of a financial asset at initial recognition is different from Its transaction price, the difference between the fair
value and the transaction price is recognized as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss at initial recognition if the fair
value is determined through a quoted market price in an active market for an identical asset (i.e level 1 input) or through a
valuation technique that uses data from observable markets (i e. level 2 input).
In case the fair value is not determined using a level 1 or level 2 input as mentioned above, the difference between the fair value
and transaction price is deferred appropriately and recognized as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss only to the
extent that such gain or loss arises due to a change in factor that market participants take into account when pricing the financial
asset
However, trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price
Subsequent measurement
For subsequent measurement, the Company classifies a financial asset In accordance with the below criteria
i. The Company's business model for managing the financial asset and
ii. The contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
Based on the above criteria, the Company classifies its financial assets into the following categories
i. Financial assets measured at amortized cost
ii. Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
iii. Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
i Financial assets measured at amortized cost
A financial asset is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The Company's business model objective for managing the financial asset Is to hold financial assets in order to collect
contractual cash flows, and
b) The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and
interest on the principal amount outstanding.
This category applies to cash and bank balances, trade receivables, loans and other financial assets of the Company. Such
financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method
Under the effective interest method, the future cash receipts are exactly discounted to the initial recognition value using the
effective interest rate The cumulative amortization using the effective interest method of the difference between The initial
recognition amount and the maturity amount is added to the initial recognition value (net of principal repayments, if any) of the
financial asset over the relevant period of the financial asset to arrive at the amortized cost at each reporting date. The
corresponding effect of the amortization under effective interest method is recognized as interest income over the relevant period
of the financial asset The same is included under other income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The amortized cost of a financial asset is also adjusted for loss allowance, if any.
Financial assets measured at FVTQCL
A financial asset is measured at FVTOCI if both of the following conditions are met:
a) The Company's business model objective for managing the financial asset is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows
and selling the financial assets, and
b) The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and
interest on the principal amount outstanding
m Financial assets measured at FVTPL
A financial asset is measured at FVTPL unless it is measured at amortized cost or at FVTOCI as explained above This is a
residual category Such financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value changes are
recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss
Derecognition
A financial asset (or. where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is derecognized (i e
removed from the Company's Balance Sheet) when any of the following occurs:
i. The contractual right to cash flows from the financial asset expires.
ii The Company transfers its contractual rights to receive cash flows of the financial asset and has substantially transferred all
the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset;
iii. The Company retains the contractual rights to receive cash flows but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows
without material delay to one or more recipients under a 'pass-through' arrangement (thereby substantially transferring all the risks
and rewards of ownership of the financial asset).
IV The Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all risk and rewards of ownership and does not retain control over me
financial asset
In cases where Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the financial asset, but
retains control of the financial asset, the Company continues to recognize such financial asset to the extent of its continuing
involvement in the financial asset In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability The financial asset and the
associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained
On Derecognition of a financial asset, (except as mentioned in ii above for financial assets measured at FVTOCI). the difference
between the carrying amount and the consideration received Is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss
impairment of financial assets
The Company applies expected credit losses (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of loss allowance on the following
I. Trade receivables
ii Financial assets measured at amortized cost (other than trade receivables)
iii. Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
In case of trade receivables and lease receivables, the Company follows a simplified approach wherein an amount equal to
lifetime ECL is measured and recognized as loss allowance
In case of other assets (listed as ii and iii above), the Company determines if there has been a significant increase in credit risk of
the financial asset since initial recognition. If the credit risk of such assets has not increased significantly, an amount equal to 12-
month ECL is measured and recognized as loss allowance However, if credit risk has increased significantly, an amount equal to
lifetime ECL is measured and recognized as loss allowance
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in the Statement of
Profit and Loss under the head ‘Other expenses’
> Financial Liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
The Company recognizes a financial liability in its Balance Sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the
instrument. All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value minus, in the case of financial liabilities not recorded at fair
value through profit or loss (FVTPL). transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial liability
Where the fair value of a financial liability al initial recognition is different from its transaction pice. the difference between the fair
value and the transaction price is recognized as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss at initial recognition if the fair
value is determined through a quoted market pice in an active market for an identical asset (i.e level 1 input) or through a
valuation technique that uses data from observable markets (i.e. level 2 input)
In case the fair value is not determined using a level 1 or level 2 input as mentioned above, the difference between the fair value
and transaction price is deferred appropriately and recognized as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss only to the
extent that such gain or toss arises due to a change in factor that market participants take Into account when pricing the financial
liability
Subsequent measurement
All financial liabilities of the Company are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method
Derecognition:
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires When an existing
financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are
substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the Derecognition of the original liability and the recognition
of a new liability The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid is
recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
g) Fair value
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value in accordance with the accounting policies mentioned above Fair
value is the pice that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants at the measurement date The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the
asset or transfer the liability takes place either.
> In the principal market for the assets or liability, or
> In the absence of principal market, in the most advantageous market for the assets or liability
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair
value hierarchy that categorizes into three levels, described as follows, the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure value
The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority lo quoted prices in active markets for Identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 inputs)
and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs).
Level 1 — quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 — inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or
indirectly
Level 3 — inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines
whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization at the end of each reporting
period and discloses the same
h) Foreign Currency Translation
initial Recognition
On initial recognition, transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are recorded in the functional currency (i.e
Indian Rupees), by applying to the foreign currency amount, the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the
foreign currency at the date of the transaction Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the
year are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss
Measurement of foreign currency items at reporting date
Foreign currency monetary items of the Company are translated at the closing exchange rates Non-monetary items that are
measured at historical cost in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction Non¬
monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the
fair value is measured
Exchange differences arising out of these translations are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss
i) Income Taxes
Tax expense is the aggregate amount included in the determination of profit or loss for the period in respect of current tax and
deferred tax
Current tax
Current tax is the amount of income taxes payable in respect of taxable profit for a period Taxable profit differs from 'profit before
tax' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other
years and items that are never taxable or deductible under the Income Tax Act. 1961
Current tax is measured using tax rates that have been enacted by the end of reporting period for the amounts expected to be
recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial
statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit under Income Tax Act. 1961
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences However, in case of temporary differences
that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the
taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized Also, for temporary differences if any that may
arise from initial recognition of goodwill, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized
Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent it is probable that taxable
profits win be available against which those deductible temporary difference can be utilized In case of temporary differences that
arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the taxable
profit nor the accounting profit deferred tax assets are not recognized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no
longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow the benefits of part or all of such deferred tax assets to be
utilized
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance
Sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be
recovered or settled
Presentation of current and deferred tax
Current and deferred tax are recognized as income or an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to
items that are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, in which case, the current and deferred tax income/ expense are
recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized
amounts and where it mends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously In case of
deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, the same are offset if the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off
corresponding current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to
income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the Company
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