Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost includes purchase price, taxes, duties, and all other costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.
The Company's major items of property, plant and equipment comprise buildings, furniture and fixtures, office equipment, and vehicles.
Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment are disclosed under Other non-current assets - Capital advances.
Subsequent expenditures relating to property, plant and equipment are capitalised only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Other repairs and maintenance expenses are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as prescribed under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, or based on Management's estimate of the useful life, whichever is lower. The estimated useful lives of the major asset classes are as follows:
Depreciation on additions is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date the asset is ready for its intended use, and on disposals up to the date of disposal.
The residual values, useful lives, and depreciation methods are reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end, and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statements upon sale or retirement of an asset, and any resulting gain or loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of disposal.
Impairment
The Company reviews the carrying amounts of its property, plant and equipment at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication that those assets may be impaired.
If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss, if any. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use.
For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets referred to as a Cash Generating Unit.
If the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired, and the impairment loss being the difference between the carrying amount and the recoverable amount is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
An impairment loss recognised in prior periods is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset's recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, but such an increase shall not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised previously.
The reversal of impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease at the inception of the arrangement. A contract is considered a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To determine whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:
(i) the contract involves the use of a specifically identified asset;
(ii) the Company obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset during the lease term; and
(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
Company as a lessee
At the commencement of the lease term, the Company recognises a Right-of-Use (ROU) asset and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for:
Short-term leases (lease term of 12 months or less), and
Low-value asset leases (such as small office equipment).
For these leases, lease payments are recognised as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The lease term is determined as the non-cancellable period of the lease, together with any options to extend or terminate the lease, where it is reasonably certain that such options will be exercised. Management evaluates lease terms and renewal options on a lease- by-lease basis, considering operational requirements, leasehold improvements, and the availability of alternative assets.
The Right-of-Use assets are initially measured at cost, which includes:
the initial amount of the lease liability,
any lease payments made before or at commencement,
initial direct costs incurred, and
restoration obligations, if applicable, less any lease incentives received.
Subsequently, ROU assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. ROU assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the useful life of the underlying asset.
ROU assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of future lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, or if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company's incremental borrowing rate. Lease liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost, with interest expense recognised over the lease term using the effective interest method.
When the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise an extension or termination option, the lease liability is remeasured, and a corresponding adjustment is made to the ROU asset.
ROU assets and lease liabilities are presented separately in the Balance Sheet, and lease payments are classified as financing cash flows in the Statement of Cash Flows.
Company as a Lessor
When the Company acts as a lessor, leases are classified as either finance leases or operating leases, depending on whether substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset are transferred to the lessee.
Leases that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards are classified as finance leases, while all other leases are classified as operating leases.
For operating leases, rental income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which benefit derived from the leased asset is diminished.
The Company does not face a significant liquidity risk with regard to its lease laibilities as the current assets are sufficient to meet the obligations related to lease liabilities as and when they fall due.
Rental expenses recorded for short-term leases was '11.60 Lakhs for the year ended March 31, 2024
2.3 Investments Accounting Policy
Investments of the Company primarily comprise investments in mutual funds and equity instruments in companies. All investments are initially recognised at fair value, which generally corresponds to the cost of acquisition, including transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the investment.
Investments are presented as non-current assets unless they are expected to be realised within twelve months from the reporting date, in which case they are classified as current assets.
After initial recognition, investments are classified and measured as follows in accordance with Ind AS 109 -Financial Instruments: Investment in Mutual Funds
Investments in mutual fund units are classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), since such instruments are held for the purpose of realising fair value gains and generating returns based on market performance.
These investments are subsequently measured at fair value at each reporting date, and any unrealised gains or losses arising from changes in fair value are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss under the head Other Income.
Redemption or sale of mutual fund units is recognised on a trade-date basis, and the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount is recognised as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Investments in Equity Instruments of Companies
Equity investments that are not held for trading are classified as equity instruments at fair value.
At the time of initial recognition, the Company makes an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in fair value of such equity instruments either through:
Other Comprehensive Income when the investment is made for strategic purposes and not for short-term profit, or Profit or Loss when the investment is held primarily for trading or market-based returns.
For investments designated at FVOCI, subsequent changes in fair value are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) and are not reclassified to profit or loss upon disposal. Dividends from such investments are recognised in profit or loss when the Company's right to receive payment is established.
For investments measured at FVTPL, fair value changes are recognised directly in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period in which they arise.
The Company holds an investment in unquoted equity shares, classified as a financial asset measured at fair value through profit or loss; based on information available on the MCA portal, the investee company is under liquidation as at the reporting date and, considering the significant uncertainty regarding recoverability, the Company has assessed the fair value as Nil and accordingly recognised a fair value loss of '0.01 Lakhs in the Statement of Profit and Loss during the year, resulting in a Nil closing carrying amount; the fair value measurement is categorised as Level 3 under Ind AS 113 as it is based on unobservable inputs/significant management judgement, primarily the expected recoverability from the liquidation process, which has been considered Nil.
Derecognition of Investments
An investment is derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or the asset has been transferred, and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to another party.
On derecognition, any cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI (for FVOCI instruments) is transferred within equity to retained earnings, and for FVTPL instruments, the cumulative fair value change is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Impairment of Investments
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is objective evidence of impairment in its financial assets. For investments measured at amortised cost or FVOCI, the Company applies the Expected Credit Loss model prescribed by Ind AS 109.
The Company's inventories comprise land held for sale or development in the ordinary course of business. Such land is used either for direct sale by the Company or for development through third-party developers under joint development or similar arrangements. Land is recognised as inventory when it is acquired or otherwise held with the intention of sale, whether directly or after development.
Inventories are initially measured at cost, which includes the purchase consideration, registration and stamp duty, land conversion charges, borrowing costs (where applicable), and all other costs directly attributable to bringing the land to its present condition and location for sale. The Company carries its inventories at the lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV), except for land that is revalued in accordance with the Company's revaluation policy. Revalued land is carried at its fair value, determined based on independent valuation reports, less any impairment losses.
Land forming part of ongoing development arrangements continues to be classified as inventory until the related property or portion of land is sold to the end customer and control is transferred in accordance with Ind AS 115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Recognition
Land is recognised as inventory when
It is acquired or held for sale in the ordinary course of business or
It is contributed to a development arrangement with a developer for construction and eventual sale to end customers.
The cost of land includes the purchase cost, registration and stamp duty, directly attributable expenditures.
Subsequent Measurement
Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV).
The net realisable value of inventories is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
Land forming part of a development arrangement remains as inventory until sale to end customers. The transfer of land to a developer for construction purposes does not, by itself, represent a sale or satisfaction of a performance obligation, as the developer is not considered a customer under Ind AS 115.
Any decline in the value of inventories below cost or revalued amount is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Derecognition
Inventories are derecognised when the control of the land or developed property is transferred to the end customer, which generally occurs upon execution and registration of the sale deed or when other legally enforceable transfer documentation is completed.
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