2. Material accounting policies

2.1 Statement of compliance and basis of preparation

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards
(Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time)
and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 (as amended from time to
time), (Ind AS compliant Schedule III).

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis. The accounting policies and related notes
further described the specific measurements applied for each of the assets and liabilities.

The financial statements are presented in INR, except when otherwise indicated.

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to the years presented in the Financial
Statements. These Financial Statements have been prepared on going concern basis.

Current versus non-current classification

The Company segregates assets and liabilities into current and non-current categories for presentation in the
balance sheet after considering its normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Ind AS 1, "Presentation of
Financial Statements". For this purpose, current assets and liabilities include the current portion of non-current
assets and liabilities respectively. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are always classified as non-current.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and
cash equivalents. The Company has identified period up to twelve months as its operating cycle.

2.2 Summary of material accounting policies

a. Property, plant and equipment

Items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals,

the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful Lives. Likewise, when a major inspection
is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment as a replacement
if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of profit
and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred. All other repair and maintenance costs are
recognised in profit or loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an
asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any. Property, plant and
equipment which are not ready for their intended use as on the balance sheet date are disclosed as "Capital
work-in-progress". Directly attributable expenditure related to and incurred during implementation of Capital
projects to get the assets ready for intended use and for a qualifying assets is included under “Capital work-in¬
progress (including related inventories)”. The same is allocated to the respective items of Property Plant and
Equipment on completion of construction (development of projects).

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon
disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on
derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Property, plant and equipment is depreciated on a written down value basis over the estimated useful lives of the
assets as per The Companies Act, 2013. The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property,
plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

b. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition,
intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. Intangible assets with finite lives
are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the
intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset
with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful
life are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in
accounting estimates. The residual value of intangible assets is assumed to be zero unless certain criteria are
met.

When these criteria are met, the residual value is the estimated fair value of the intangible asset at the end of the
asset's useful life. The residual value of an intangible asset shall be assumed to be zero unless at the end of its
useful life to the entity the asset is expected to continue to have a useful life to another entity and either of the
following conditions is met:

a. The reporting entity has a commitment from a third party to purchase the asset at the end of its useful life.

b. The residual value can be determined by reference to an exchange transaction in an existing market for that
asset and that market is expected to exist at the end of the asset's useful life.

The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss
unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

An intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal (i.e., at the date the recipient obtains control) or when no

future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or Loss arising upon derecognition of the
asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is
included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

A summary of the policies applied to the Company's intangible assets is as follows:

c. Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or
equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, and subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value
through other comprehensive income (OCI), and fair value through profit or loss.

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow
characteristics and the Company’s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables
that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the company has applied the practical
expedient, the company initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not
at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing
component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price
determined under Ind AS 115.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified as follows :

• Financial assets at amortised cost

• Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI with no recycling of cumulative gains and losses upon
derecognition (equity instruments)

• Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets at amortised cost

A ‘financial asset’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash
flows, and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal
and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective
interest rate (EIR) method and are subject to impairment as per the accounting policy applicable to ‘Impairment
of financial assets.’ Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition
and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the profit
or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss.

Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI (equity instruments)

Upon initial recognition, the Company can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity
instruments designated at fair value through OCI when they meet the definition of equity under Ind AS 32
Financial Instruments: Presentation for the issuer and are not held for trading. The classification is determined on
an instrument-by-instrument basis. Equity investment which are held for trading and contingent consideration
recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at FVTPL.

Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to profit or loss. Dividends are recognised as other
income in the statement of profit and loss when the right of payment has been established, except when the
Company benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such
gains are recorded in OCI. Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI are not subject to impairment
assessment.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets in this category are those that are held for trading and have been either designated by
management upon initial recognition or are mandatorily required to be measured at fair value under Ind AS 109 i.e.
they do not meet the criteria for classification as measured at amortised cost or FVOCI. Management only
designates an instrument at FVTPL upon initial recognition, if the designation eliminates, or significantly reduces,
the inconsistent treatment that would otherwise arise from measuring the assets or liabilities or recognising
gains or losses on them on a different basis. Such designation is determined on an instrument-by-instrument
basis. For the company, this category includes derivative instruments and listed equity investments which the
Company had not irrevocably elected to classify at fair value through OCI. Financial assets at fair value through
profit or loss are carried in the balance sheet at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in the
statement of profit and loss.

Interest earned on instruments designated at FVTPL is accrued in interest income, using the EIR, taking into
account any discount/ premium and qualifying transaction costs being an integral part of instrument. Interest
earned on assets mandatorily required to be measured at FVTPL is recorded using the contractual interest rate.
Dividend income on listed equity investments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as other income
when the right of payment has been established.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is
primarily derecognised (i.e removed from the Company's Standalone balance sheet) when:

• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

• The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation
to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through'

arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the
asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the
asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass¬
through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When
it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred
control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's
continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset
and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has
retained.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets
measured at amortised cost and other contractual rights to receive cash or other financial asset.

At each reporting date, the historically observed default rates and changes in the forward-looking estimates are
updated.

Based on the Company's assessment, all financial assets as at the reporting date are of high credit quality,
including balances with government authorities, reputable banks, and customers with no history of default.
Accordingly, credit risk is considered to be low, and the ECL allowance determined is not material. As a result, no
impairment loss has been recognised in the financial statements.

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition, measurement and presentation

The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables and loans and borrowings including bank
overdrafts.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables,
net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial liabilities are classified in two categories:

• Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

• Financial liabilities at amortised cost (loans and borrowings)

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial
liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are
classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category
also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging
instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are
recognised in the profit or loss.

Financial Liabilities are designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or Loss only if the criteria
in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in
own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the
Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are
recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities at amortised cost (Borrowings and other financial liabilities)

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost
using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as
well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that
are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and
loss.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.
When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms,
or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the
derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective
carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a
currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net
basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

d. Foreign currencies translations

Items included in the Financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary
economic environment in which the Company operates (‘the functional currency’). The Company’s financial
statements are presented in INR, which is also the Company’s functional currency.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot
rates of exchange at the reporting date.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the
exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation
of monetary items are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The closing exchange rate has been adopted from Reserve Bank of India website as on 30th March 2026 as 31st
were public holiday.

e. Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption
that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liabilities takes place either in the principal market for the
asset or liability or in absence of principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data
are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of
unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised
within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement as a whole:

Level 1- Quoted (Unadjusted) marked prices in the active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2- Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is
directly or indirectly observable

Level 3- Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is
unobservable.

At each reporting date, the management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are
required to be re-measured or re-assessed as per the Company’s accounting policies. For this analysis, the
management or its expert verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in
the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the
basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as
explained above.

f. Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to
the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in
exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue
arrangements because it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.

Sale of goods (Edible Oil)

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized at the point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the
customer, generally at the time of dispatch from the point of sale i.e. the date when the goods are released to the
carrier responsible for transporting them to the customer. The normal credit term is 30 to 60 days upon delivery.

The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance
obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated. In determining the transaction price
for the sale of edible oils, the Company considers the effects of variable consideration and consideration payable
to the customer (if any). Revenue is measured after deduction of any discounts, price concessions, volume
rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government such as goods and services tax, etc. The
Company accrues for such discounts, price concessions and rebates at inception to determine the transaction
price based on historical experience and specific contractual terms with the customer.

Variable Consideration

If the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount (like volume rebates/incentives, cash discounts
etc.), the Company estimates the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring
the goods to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it
is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not
occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The estimate of
variable consideration for expected cash discounts, etc. are made on the most likely amount method.

Consideration payable to the customer

Consideration payable to a customer includes cash amounts that the Company pays, or expects to pay, to the
customer.

Contract balances

Trade receivables

A receivable is recognised if an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is
required before payment of the consideration is due). Refer to accounting policies of financial assets in section
(m) Financial instruments - initial recognition and subsequent measurement.

Contract liabilities

A contract liability is recognised if a payment is received, or a payment is due (whichever is earlier) from a
customer before the Company transfers the related services. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when
the Company performs under the contract (i.e., transfers control of the related services to the customer).

g. Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during
the year. Current and deferred taxes are recognized in statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to
items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and
deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to
the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or
substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable
income.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in
other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying
transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax
returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and considers
whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment. The Company reflects the
effect of uncertainty for each uncertain tax treatment by using either most likely method or expected value
method, depending on which method predicts better resolution of the treatment.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax base of
assets and Liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax Liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except when the deferred tax Liability
arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business
combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss
and does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences and in respect of taxable temporary
differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the
timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary
differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax
credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable
profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax
credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is
no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be
utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the
extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the
asset is realised, or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other
comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying
transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

The Company offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities if and only if it has a legally enforceable right
to set off current tax assets and current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities
relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity which intends
either to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities
simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are
expected to be settled or recovered..

h. Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily
takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale (qualifying asset) are capitalised as part
of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs
consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost
also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

i. Leases

Company as a lessee

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is or contains a lease. That is, if the contract
conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Righ t-of-Use Assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the Lease (i.e., the date the
underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated
depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-
use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments
made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are
depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the
assets. If ownership of the right-of-use assettransfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost
reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section (k) Impairment
of non-financial assets.

Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value
of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in
substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index
or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the
exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties
for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease
payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses (unless they are incurred to
produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease
commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the
commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced
for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a
modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments
resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment
of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease
term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be
exercised. Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the standalone balance sheet and
lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

Short-term leases and lease of low value assets

The Company has applied the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases (i.e., those leases
that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option)
and low-value assets recognition exemption.

j. Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs incurred in bringing each product to its
present location and condition are accounted for as follows^

• Finished goods: cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of applicable overheads
based on the normal operating capacity but excluding borrowing costs. Cost is determined on first in, first out
basis.

• Traded goods: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their
present Location and condition. Cost is determined on first in, first out basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of
completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. There are no inventories in the company at the
year end.

k. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If
any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the
asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s
(CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual
asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or
group of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is
considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an
indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication
exists, the Company estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss
is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount
since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset
does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net
of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised
in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is
treated as a revaluation increase.

The Company assesses whether climate risks, including physical risks and transition risks could have a significant
impact. If so, these risks are included in the cash-flow forecasts in assessing value-in-use amounts