1.1 Material Accounting policies

(i) Foreign Currency Transactions

Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in
reporting currency, using the exchange rate at the date of
transaction. At each Balance sheet date, foreign currency monetary
items are reported using the closing rate.

The exchange differences arising on settlement of monetary items
are recognised as income or expenses in the year in which they arise.

(ii) Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial
asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of
another entity.

A financial assets or a liability is recognised when the Company
becomes a Party to the contractual provision of the instrument.

(a) Financial Assets are measured at amortised cost or fair value
through Other Comprehensive Income or fair value through Profit or
Loss, depending on its business model for managing those
financial assets and the assets contractual cash flow
characteristics.

Subsequent measurements of financial assets are dependent on
initial categorisation. For impairment purposes significant financial
assets are tested on an individual basis, other financial assets are
assessed collectively in groups that share similar credit risk
characteristics. Trade Receivables are initially recognised at
transaction price where they do not contain any significant portion
of financing component.

The company derecognizes financial assets when the contractual
rights to the cash flows from the financial assets expire or it
transfers the financial assets and the transfer qualifies for the
derecognition under Ind AS 109.

Investment in subsidiaries, associate and Joint venture

Investments in shares of Subsidiaries, Joint Venture & Associates
are measured at cost subject to impairment losses, if any.
Investment in Equity Instruments (other than Investment in
Subsidiaries, Associates & Joint Venture)

Investments in Equity Instruments (Other Than Investment in
Subsidiaries, Associates & Joint Venture) are initially measured at
fair value. Any subsequent fair value gain or loss is recognized
through Other Comprehensive Income.

The company assesses impairment based on expected credit loss
(ECL) model to all its financial assets measured at amortised cost.

Cash and Cash Equivalent

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at
banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original
maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an
insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash
equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined
above.

(a) All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the
case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly
attributable transaction costs. The Company's financial liabilities
include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including
bank overdrafts.

Loans & Borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are
subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method.
Gains and losses are recognized in the statement of profit and loss
when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR
amortization process.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or
premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of
the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the
statement of profit and loss.

Trade & Other payables

A payable is classified as 'trade payable' if it is in respect of the
amount due on account of goods purchased or services received in
the normal course of business. These amounts represent liabilities
for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of
financial year which are unpaid. Trade and other payables are
presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12
months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at
their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using
the effective interest method.

(iii) Property, Plant and Equipment

(A) Recognition and measurement

(a) The cost of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase
price net of any trade discounts and rebates, any import duties and
other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the
tax authorities), any directly attributable expenditure on making the
asset ready for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs
for qualifying assets and any expected costs of decommissioning.
Expenditure incurred after the property, plant and equipment have
been put into operation, such as repairs and maintenance, are
charged to Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the
costs are incurred.

(b) An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon
disposal. Any gain or loss arising on the disposals determined as
the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount
of the asset and is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Assets in the course of construction are capitalised in the assets
under capital work in progress account (CWIP). At the point when an
asset is operating at management's intended use, the cost of
construction is transferred to the appropriate category of property,
plant and equipment and depreciation commences.

(d) Property, plant and equipment except freehold land held for
use in the supply or administrative purposes, are stated in the
balance sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and
accumulated impairment losses, if any. Freehold land is stated at
historical cost.

(B) Depreciation/ Amortisation

The Assets ' residual values, useful lives and method of
depreciation are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted
prospectively, if appropriate. Depreciation on Plant, Property and
equipment (other than freehold land) has been provided using
straight line method over the useful life of assets. Useful life is the
period over which an asset is expected to be used by an enterprise.
The estimated total useful life of the assets are as follows-

(iv) Investment properties

Property that is held for long-term rental yields or for capital
appreciation or both, and that is not occupied by the group, is
classified as investment property. Investment property is measured
initially at its cost, including related transaction costs and where

applicable borrowing costs. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised
to the asset's carrying amount only when it is probable that future
economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the
group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other
repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred.
Freehold land is stated at historical cost and Leasehold land is
stated at historical cost less amortisation. Leasehold land is
amortised over the period of lease as per lease agreement.

Though the Company measures investment property using cost
based measurement, the fair value of investment property is
disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on annual
evaluation performed by an external independent valuer/Internal
assessment.

(v) Intangible Assets

Identifiable intangible assets are recognised a) when the Company
controls the asset, b) it is probable that future economic benefits
attributed to the asset will flow to the Company and c) the cost of
the asset can be reliably measured.

Computer softwares are capitalised at the amounts paid to acquire
the respective license for use and are amortised over the period of
license, generally not exceeding six years on straight line basis. The
assets useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end.

Software is amortised over an estimated useful life of 3 years.

(vi) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net estimated realizable
value, mainly comprises of publication and printed material. The
cost of publication and printed materials have been computed on
the basis of cost of materials, labour, cost of conversion and other
costs incurred for bringing the inventories to their present location
and condition. Cost is determined using the FIFO method.

(vii) Impairment of Assets

At each Balance Sheet date, the carrying amount of assets is tested
for impairment so as to determine the provision for impairment loss
required, if any, or the reversal required of impairment loss
recognized in previous periods, if any.

An impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount of
an asset or its cash generating units exceed its recoverable amount.
Recoverable amount is determined:

- In the case of an individual asset, at higher of the net selling price or
value in use.

- In the case of cash generating unit, at higher of the cash generating
unit's net selling price or value in use.

(viii) Employee Benefits

The Company participates in various employee benefit plans.
These benefit plans are classified as either defined contribution
plans or defined benefit plans. Under a defined contribution plan,
the company's only obligation is to pay a fixed amount with no
obligation to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold
sufficient assets to pay all employee benefits. The related actuarial
and investment risks fall on the employee.

Under a defined benefit plan, it is the Company's obligation to
provide agreed benefits to the employees. The related actuarial and
investment risks fall on the Company.

In case of defined benefit plan, all actuarial gains or losses are
immediately recognized in other comprehensive income, net of
taxes and permanently excluded from profit and loss. Further, the
profit or loss will no longer include an expected return on plan
assets. The actual return on plan assets above or below the

discount rate is recognized as part of re-measurement of net
defined liability or asset through other comprehensive income, net
of taxes.

The company does not provide carry forward & encashment of
leaves.

(a) Defined Contribution plan

Company's contributions paid/ payable during the year to Provident
Fund, Employee state insurance are recognized in the statement of
Profit and Loss Account.

The company is depositing P.F. & ESI contribution only for eligible
employees within statutory limits. The employees whose income is
above the statutory limits have opted not to subscribe and
accordingly, the company is not required to make the contribution.

(b) Defined Benefit Plan

Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity are considered as
defined benefit obligations and are provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the
date of the Balance Sheet. Actuarial Gains and losses arising from
experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are
recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding
debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive
income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements
are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods. All other
expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognized in
Statement of Profit and Loss as employee benefit expenses.

(ix) Share Based Payment Transactions

Equity settled share based payments to employees and others
providing similar services are measured at fair value of equity
instruments at the grant date.

The fair value determined at grant date of the equity settled share
based payments is expensed on a straight line basis over the period,
based on the company's estimate of equity instruments that will
eventually vest with a corresponding increase in equity.