NOTE 2: MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
This Note provides a list of the Material Accounting Policies adopted by GB global Limited formerly Known as Mandhana Industries Limited; in the preparation of the Financial Statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
A. STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE
These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS), and the provisions of the Companies Act ,2013 ('the Act') (to the extent notified). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule-3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter.
B. BASIS OF PREPARATION AND PRESENTATION
These financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting except for certain financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as stated in the accounting policies set out below. The accounting policies have been applied consistently over all the periods presented in these financial statements except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a charge in the accounting policy in use.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 102, leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 116, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use in Ind AS 36.
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
• Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;
• Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
• Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset
C. FUNCTIONAL AND PRESENTATION CURRENCY
Items included in the financial statements of Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates ("the functional currency"). Indian rupee is the functional currency of the Company.
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees which is the Company's presentation in Indian Rupees has been rounded up to the nearest lacs except where otherwise indicated.
D. CURRENT Vs. NON-CURRENT CLASSIFICATION
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.
An asset is treated as current when it is:
• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
• Held primarily for the purpose of trading
• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
E. USE OF ESTIMATE AND JUDGEMENTS
The estimates and judgements used in the preparation of the financial statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Differences between actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known/materialized.
The said estimates are based on the facts and events, that existed as at the reporting date, or that occurred after that date but provide additional evidence about conditions existing as at the reporting date.
F. REVENUE RECOGNITION
Effective April 1, 2018, the Company adopted Ind AS 115 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers'. First time adoption has been conducted retrospectively with cumulative effect of initially applying this standard as on the transition date. The effect on the transition to Ind AS 115 is insignificant.
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Amount disclosed as revenue are net of returns, rebates, goods & services tax and value added taxes.
The Company recognizes revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and specific criteria have been met for each of the Company's activities, as described below.
The Company bases its estimate of return on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each arrangement.
• Revenue recognised from major business activities:- Revenue from sale of goods is recognised as and when the Company satisfies performance obligations by transferring control of the promised goods to its customers.
• Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract.
• Export Incentives under various schemes are accounted in the year of export on accrual basis.
• Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholder's right to receive payment has been established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).
• Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.
• The Company's policy for recognition of revenue from operating leases is described below in point no. T "Lease"
• Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.
G. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS Initial Recognition:
On initial recognition, for monetary items transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are recorded in the functional currency (i.e. Indian Rupees), by applying to the foreign currency amount, the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
For Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are recorded using the exchange rates at the date of the transaction. In case of an asset, expense or income where a non-monetary advance is paid/received, the date of transaction is the date on which the advance was initially recognised. If there were multiple payments or receipts in advance, multiple dates of transactions are determined for each payment or receipt of advance consideration.
Measurement of foreign currency items at reporting date:
Foreign currency monetary items of the Company are translated at the closing exchange rates. Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is measured.
The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or Statement of Profit and Loss are also recognised in OCI or Statement of Profit and Loss, respectively).
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
Current income tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from 'profit before tax' as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Current income tax assets/liabilities for current year is recognized at the amount expected to be paid to and/or recoverable from the tax authorities.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income-tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income-tax. Accordingly, MAT Credit is recognised as asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.
Current and deferred tax for the year :-
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
The appendix addresses the accounting for income taxes when tax treatments involve uncertainty that affects the application of Ind AS 12 Income Taxes. It does not apply to taxes or levies outside the scope of Ind AS 12, nor does it specifically include requirements relating to interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax treatments. The Appendix specifically addresses the following:
Whether an entity considers uncertain tax treatments separately.
The assumptions an entity makes about the examination of tax treatments by taxation authorities.
How an entity determines taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates. How an entity considers changes in facts and circumstances.
The Company determines whether to consider each uncertain tax treatment separately or together with one or more other uncertain tax treatments and uses the approach that better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty. The Company applies significant judgement in n identifying uncertainties over income tax treatments.
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