NOTE 1. STATEMENT OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1.1 Company Overview

Hubtown Limited is a listed public limited company domiciled in India, incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956. The Company is engaged in real estate business of construction and development of Residential and Commercial Premises, Build Operate Transfer (BOT) Projects, etc. through both — on its own and through its subsidiaries / joint ventures / associate companies.

1.2 The financial statements are approved for issue by the Company's Board of Directors in the board meeting held on 24th May, 2024.

NOTE 2. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES FOLLOWED BY THE COMPANY

I. Basis of preparation of Financial Statements

(i) Compliance with Ind AS

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the 'Ind AS') as notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs pursuant to Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ('Act') read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and other relevant provisions of the Act."

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the periods presented in the financial statements.

(ii) Historical cost convention

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, on the accrual basis of accounting before except for the following::

1) certain financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value;

2) assets held for sale — measured at lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell;

3) defined benefit plans — plan assets measured at fair value.

(iii) Current and Non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Standalone Balance Sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

i) Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle.

ii) Held primarily for the purpose of trading

iii) Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

iv) Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

i) It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

iii) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

iv) There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

Operating cycle for the business activities of the Company covers the duration of the project/ contract including the defect liability period, wherever applicable, and extends upto the realisation of receivables (including retention monies, (if any)) within the credit period normally applicable to the respective project.

(iv) Rounding of amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest lakhs as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

II. Significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the recognition and measurement principles of Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

a) Judgments Classification of property

The Company determines whether a property is classified as investment property or inventories. Investment property comprises land and buildings that are not occupied substantially for use by, or in the operations of, the Company, nor for sale in the ordinary c ourse of business, but are held primarily to earn rental income and capital appreciation. These properties are substantially rented to tenants and not intended to be sold in the ordinary course of business. Inventory comprises property that is held for sale in the ordinary course of business. Principally, these are properties that the Company develops and intends to sell before or on completion of construction.

b) Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

i) Employee Benefit Plans

The Company's obligation on account of gratuity and compensated absences is determined based on actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, these liabilities are highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

ii) Estimation of net realisable value for inventory (including advance to land owner)

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV).

NRV for completed property is assessed by reference to market conditions and prices existing at the reporting date and is determined by the Company, based on comparable transactions identified by the Company for properties in the same geographical market serving the same real estate segment.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale

With respect to advances given to land owners, the net recoverable value is based on the present value of future cash flows, which depends on the estimate of, among other things, the likelihood that a project will be completed, the expected date of completion, the discount rate used and the estimation of sale prices and construction costs.

iii) Valuation of investment in/ loans to subsidiaries

The investments are measured at cost / carrying value. The Company has performed valuation for its investments in equity of subsidiaries, associates and JVs for assessing whether there is any impairment. In case of impairment the fair value of investments is determined. Where the fair value of investments in entities cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the discounted cash flow model.

Similar assessment is carried out for exposure of the nature of loans and interest receivable thereon as well as project advances. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include consideration of inputs such as expected earnings in future years, liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported amounts of these investments, loans and advances.

iv) Income tax provisions are based on the Company's judgment of allowances/disallowances considering computation of income.

III. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will accrue to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured and also when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate collection will be made and that there is buyers' commitment to make the complete payment.

A. Revenue from sale of properties:

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of residential/commercial units to customers, of an amount that reflects the transaction price. Transaction price is the amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those units. The Company shall determine the performance obligations associated with the contract with customers at contract inception and also determine whether they satisfy the performance obligation over time or at a point in time. In case of residential/commercial units, the Company satisfies the performance obligation and recognizes revenue at a point in time i.e., upon giving possession of the residential/ commercial units.

To estimate the transaction price in a contract, the Company adjusts the promised amount of consideration for the time value of money if that contract contains a significant financing component. The Company when adjusting the promised amount of consideration for a significant financing component is to recognize revenue at an amount that reflects the transaction price of the transferred residential/ commercial unit.

"The transaction price of goods sold or services rendered is net of variable consideration on account of various discounts and schemes offered by the company as part of the contract".

In arrangements for sale of units the Company has applied the guidance in IND AS 115, on "Revenue from contracts with customers”, by applying the revenue recognition criteria for each distinct performance obligation. The arrangements with customers generally meet the criteria for considering sale of units as distinct performance obligations. "

B. Revenue from sale of land and development rights:

Revenue from sale of land and development rights is recognised upon transfer of all significant risks and rewards of ownership of such land and development rights, as per the terms of the contracts entered into with buyers, which generally coincides with the firming of the sales contracts/ agreements. Revenue from sale of land and development rights is only recognised when transfer of legal title to the buyer is not a condition precedent for transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer.

C. Revenue from Trading Materials:

Revenue from sale of trading material is recognised when significant risks and rewards associated with the sale of material is transferred to the buyer.

D. Revenue from project management services:

Service income is recognised on the basis of completion of a physical proportion of the contract work/ based upon the contracts/ agreements entered into by the Company with its customers.

E. Profit / Loss from partnership firms / association of persons:

Share of profit / loss from partnership firms / association of persons (AOP) is recognised when the right to receive/liability to pay the same is established on the basis of their audited/ management reviewed accounts, which is considered as a part of other operating activity.

F. Income from leased premises:

Lease income from operating lease is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis after adjusting for escalation over the lease term except where the lease incomes are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation.

G. Interest and dividend:

Interest income including income arising on other instruments is recognised on time proportion basis using the effective interest rate method. Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive dividend is established.

H. Others:

Other revenues / incomes and costs / expenditure are accounted on accrual, as they are earned or incurred.

IV. Property plant and equipment and depreciation / amortisation

A. On transition to Ind AS, the Company has opted to continue with the carrying values measured under the previous GAAP as at 1st April, 2015 of its Property, Plant and Equipment and Investment property and use that carrying value as the deemed cost on the date of transition

i.e. 1st April, 2015.

B. Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction including attributable interest and finance cost, if any till the date of acquisition/installation of the assets, less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

C. Subsequent expenditure relating to Property, Plant and Equipment is capitalised only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statements, either on disposal or when retired from active use and the resultant gain or loss are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

D. Depreciation is provided based on useful life of the assets as prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Depreciation on additions to assets or on sale/disposal of assets is calculated pro-rata from the month of such addition, or upto the month of such sale/ disposal, as the case may be.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

V. Investment property and depreciation / amortisation

A. Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation.

B. Depreciation on Investment Property is provided based on useful life of the assets as prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Depreciation on additions to assets or on sale/disposal of assets is calculated pro-rata from the month of such addition, or upto the month of such sale/disposal, as the case may be.

C. Transfers to (or from) investment property are made only when there is a change in use. Transfers between investment property, owner occupied property and inventories do not change the carrying amount of the property transferred and they do not change the cost of that property for measurement or disclosure purposes.

VI. Intangible assets and amortisation

A. Acquired computer softwares are classified as intangible assets and are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation. These are being amortised over the estimated useful life of five years, as determined by the management.

B. The Company, as a lessee, recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for its leasing arrangements, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. The contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, if it involves the use of an identified asset and the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset and has right to direct the use of the identified asset. The cost of the right-of-use asset shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date plus any initial direct costs incurred. The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use assets is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset.

The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate. For short-term and low value leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

VII. Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

A. Investments and Financial Assets

i. Initial recognition

Financial assets are recognised initially at fair value, plus in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of financials assets. However, trade recivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.

ii. Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in following categories:

a) Financial Assets at Amortised Cost

A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate ("EIR”) method. Impairment gains or losses arising on these assets are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

b) Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value

"Financial assets are measured at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) if these financial assets are held within a business model with an objective to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows or to sell these financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Movements in the carrying amount are taken through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Further, in cases where the Company has made an irrevocable election based on its business model, for its investments which are classified as equity instruments, the subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income.

Financial asset not measured at amortised cost or at fair value through OCI is carried at Fair Value Through Profit & Loss (FVTPL).

iii. De-recognition of Financial Assets

The Company de-recognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expires, or it transfers the financial asset and substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognizes its retained interest in the assets and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay.

If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

B. Equity Instruments and Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

i. Equity Instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments which are issued for cash are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Equity instruments which are issued for consideration other than cash are recorded at fair value of the equity instrument.

ii. Financial Liabilities

1. Initial Recognition

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at FVTPL, loans and borrowings and payables as appropriate. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

2. Subsequent Measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

— Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities at FVTPL include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at FVTPL. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation. Amortisation is recognised as finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

— Financial liabilities at amortised cost

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the settlement or redemption of borrowings is recognised over the term of the borrowings in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3. De-recognition of Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are de-recognised when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as de-recognition of the original liability and recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

C. Offsetting Financial Instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

VIII. De-recognition of financial instruments

The Company de-recognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expires or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for de-recognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is de-recognized from the Company's Balance Sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.

IX. Impairment

a. Financial assets

The Company measures the expected credit loss associated with its assets based on historical trend, industry practices and the business environment in which the entity operates or any other appropriate basis. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.

b. Non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less cost of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

Impairment losses, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss :

i. Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs.

ii. Provisions

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that is reasonably estimable, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.

X. Taxation

i. Current Tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from 'profit before tax' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's current tax is calculated using rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

ii. Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax asset is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

iii. Current and deferred tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

XI. Inventories

All inventories are stated at lower of 'Cost or Net Realizable Value'.

A. 'Stock of material at Site' includes cost of purchase, other costs incurred in bringing them to their respective present location and condition. Cost formula used is average cost.

B. 'Incomplete Projects' include cost of incomplete properties for which the Company has not entered into sale agreements and in other cases where the revenue recognition is postponed. 'Incomplete Projects' also include initial project costs that relate directly to a (prospective) project, incurred for the purpose of securing the project. These costs are recognized as expenditure in the year in which they are incurred unless they are separately identifiable and it is probable that the respective project will be obtained.

C. Finished properties given under operating lease are disclosed under 'Non Current Assets' as 'Investment Properties'. The costs transferred to the 'Investment properties' are shown as deductions from the costs carried in opening inventory and construction costs incurred during the year. These assets are depreciated / amortised as per the Accounting Policy Nos. (IV)(C) and (IV)(D). Although the Company considers these assets as Inventories held for sale in the ordinary course of business, the disclosure under 'Non Current Assets' as 'Investment properties' and provision for depreciation / amortisation is made to comply with the requirements of Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 17 - 'Leases' and Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 40 — 'Investment Property'.

D. Value of 'Floor Space Index' (FSI) generated is recognized as inventory at cost (i.e. proportionate rehab component cost) as and when necessary obligations / conditions are fulfilled in entirety, which are imposed on the Company by statutory authorities (viz. Rehabilitation Authority, etc.), in lieu of which the FSI is allotted to the Company. The value of FSI is either carried as inventory (at cost) held for intended sale or with the intention to utilise in construction of projects undertaken for sale.

E. Traded goods includes cost of purchases and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

F. Development rights represent amount paid under agreement to purchase land/ development rights and borrowing cost incurred by the Company to acquire irrevocable and exclusive licenses/ development rights in the identified land and constructed properties, the acquisition of which is either completed or is at an advanced stage. These are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value.

Inventory value includes costs incurred upto the completion of the project viz. cost of land / rights, value of Floor Space Index (FSI), materials, services and other expenses (including borrowing costs) attributable to the projects. Cost formula used is average cost.

XII. Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after reporting period. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date, the carrying amounts are approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

XIII. Trade receivable

A receivable is classified as a 'trade receivable' if it is in respect of the amount due on account of goods sold or services rendered in the normal course of business.

XIV. Employee benefits

a) Defined Contribution Plan

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as provident fund, labour welfare fund are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made as and when services are rendered by the employees. The Company's provident fund contribution is made to a government administered fund and charged as an expense to the Statement of Profit and Loss. The above benefits are classified as Defined Contribution Schemes as the Company has no further obligations beyond the monthly contributions.

b) Defined Benefit Plan

The Company provides for gratuity which is a defined benefit plan the liabilities of which is determined based on valuations, as at the Balance Sheet date, made by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method. Re-measurement, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, in respect of gratuity are recognised in the OCI, in the period in which they occur. Re-measurement recognised in OCI are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

The classification of the Company's obligation into current and non-current is as per the actuarial valuation report.

c) Leave Entitlement

Leave entitlement are provided based on an actuarial valuation, similar to that of gratuity benefit. Re-measurement, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, in respect of leave entitlement are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they occur.

d) Short-term Benefits

Short-term employee benefits such as salaries, performance incentives, etc. are recognised as expenses at the undiscounted amounts in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the period in which the related service is rendered. Expenses on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised in the period in which the absences occur.

XV. Borrowings and Borrowing costs

Borrowings are initially recognised at net of transaction cost incurred and measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss over ther period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

Interests and other borrowing costs included under finance costs calculated as per effective interest rate attributable to qualifying assets, which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are allocated as part of the cost of construction / development of such assets. Such allocation is suspended during extended periods in which active development is interrupted and, no costs are allocated once all such activities are substantially complete. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. Other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

XVI. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for events of bonus issue, if any.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

XVII. Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

XVIII. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.

XIX. Foreign currency transactions

A. All transactions in foreign currency are recorded in the reporting currency, based on closing rates of exchange prevalent on the dates of the relevant transactions.

B. Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency, outstanding as on the Balance Sheet date , are converted in reporting currency at the closing rates of exchange prevailing on the said date. Resultant gain or loss is recognized during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

C. Non monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are carried at the exchange rate prevalent on the date of the transaction.

XX. Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker regularly monitors and reviews the operating result of the whole Company as one segment of "Real Estate Development”. Thus, as defined in Ind AS 108 "Operating Segments” the Company's entire business falls under this one operational segment and hence the necessary information has already been disclosed in the Balance Sheet and the Statement of Profit and Loss.

XXI. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of embodying economic benefits of resources will be required to settle a reliably assessable obligation. Provisions are determined based on best estimate required to settle each obligation at each Balance Sheet date. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events, whose existence would be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company. A contingent liability also arises, in rare cases, where a liability cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably.

Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.

XXII. Interest in Joint Arrangements

As per Ind AS 111 — 'Joint Arrangements', investment in Joint Arrangement is classified as either Joint Operation or Joint Venture. The classification depends on the contractual rights and obligations of each investor rather than legal structure of the Joint Arrangement. The Company classifies its Joint Arrangements as Joint Ventures. The Company recognizes its interest in Joint Venture as an investment and accounts for that investment using the Equity method in accordance with Ind AS 28.