2.1 Material Accounting Policies Information
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act), read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and other relevant provisions of the Act.
The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (Rs) which is the functional currency of the Company and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand, except where otherwise indicated.
Entity specific disclosure of material accounting policies where Ind AS permits options is disclosed hereunder.
The Company has assessed the materiality of the accounting policy information which involves exercising judgements and considering both qualitative and quantitative factors by taking into account not only the size and nature of the item or condition but also the characteristics of the transactions, events or conditions that could make the information more likely to impact the decisions of the users of the financial statements.
Entity's conclusion that an accounting policy is immaterial does not affect the disclosures requirements set out in the accounting standards.
The company adopted Ind AS from 1st April 2017. Accounting Policies have been consistently applied except where a newly-issued Accounting Standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing Accounting Standard requires a change in the Accounting Policy hitherto adopted.
2.2 Basis of preparation and compliance
The financial statements are prepared in accordance with the historical cost convention except for certain items that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the Accounting Policies set out below. The financial statements are prepared on a 'going concern' basis using accrual concept except for the cash flow information.
Historical cost is generally based on fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability that the market participants would take into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date, assuming the market participants act in their economic best interest. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in Ind AS-2 - Inventories or Value in Use in Ind AS 36 - Impairment of Assets.
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, as described hereunder:
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date.
Level 2 - Other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
Transactions and balances with values below the rounding off norm adopted by the Company have been reflected as '--' in these financial statements.
2.3 Current / Non-Current classification
An asset or liability is classified as Current if it satisfies any of the following conditions:
(i) the asset / liability is expected to be realised / settled in the Company's normal operating cycle;
(ii) the asset is intended for sale or consumption
(iii) the asset / liability is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
(iv) the asset / liability is expected to be realised / settled within twelve months after the reporting period;
(v) the asset is cash or cash equivalent, unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period;
(vi) in the case of a liability, the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets and liabilities are classified as Non-Current.
For the purpose of Current / Non-Current classification, the Company has reckoned its normal operating cycle as twelve months based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets or inventories for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents.
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities are classified as Non-Current.
Advances given towards acquisition of fixed assets, outstanding at each Balance Sheet date, are disclosed as Other Non-Current Assets.
2.4 Revenue
(a) Revenue from Operation
The Firm has aligned its policy of revenue recognition with Ind AS 115 “Revenue from Contracts with customers” which is effective from April 1, 2018. Accordingly revenue in realty business is recognised on completion of performance obligation as against recognition based on percentage of completion method hitherto in accordance with the guidance note issued by ICAI which has since been withdrawn for entities preparing financials as per Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS).
(b) Interest Income
Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.
(c ) Other Income
Other income is recognised on an accrual basis only when there is certainty of collection.
2.5 Inventories
Stock of units in completed project and construction work-in-progress are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is aggregate of land cost, premium for development rights, materials, contract works, direct expenses, provisions and apportioned borrowing costs and is net of material scrap receipts, and in case of construction work-in-progress is after ascertaining the cost of sales which is determined based on the total area sold as at the Balance Sheet date.
2.6 Property, Plant and Equipment
Items of property, plant and equipment stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.
Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment has been provided on the written down value method at the rates determined based on the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the 2013 Act.
Depreciation on additions to Property, Plant and Equipment is provided for the full year irrespective of the date of addition. No depreciation is provided in the year of deletions of Property, Plant and Equipment.
Intangible assets are amortised over their estimated useful life as follows:
Computer : 2-5 Years
The estimated useful life of the intangible assets and the amortisation period are reviewed at the end of each financial year and the amortisation method is revised to reflect the changed pattern.
2.7 Employment Benefits
(a) Short Term Employee Benefits
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised at an undiscounted amount in respect of employees' service up to the end of the year and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligation in the balance sheet.
(b) Long Term Employee Benefits
1) Defined contribution plan
The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive post employment benefits in respect of provident and family pension fund, in which both employees and the Company makes monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the employees' eligible salary (currently 12% of employees' eligible salary). The contributions are made to Employees Provident Fund Organisation. Provident Fund and Family Pension Fund are classified as Defined Contribution Plans as the Company has no further obligation beyond making the contribution. The Company's contributions to Defined Contribution Plan are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
2) Defined benefit plans
i) Gratuity
The Company has an obligation towards gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering eligible employees. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount equivalent to 15 days salary payable for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of service. The Company makes contribution to a fund managed by LIC of India based on management estimate made at the end of the year. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
ii) Compensated absences
The Company provides for the encashment of leave or leave with pay subject to certain rules. The Employees are entitled to accumulate leave subject to certain limits for future encashment/availment. The Company makes provision for compensated absences based on management estimate made at the end of the year. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
2.8 Taxation
Taxes on income comprise of Current Tax and Deferred Tax. a. Current Tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from 'profit before tax' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period in the countries where the Company, its branches and jointly controlled operations operate and generate taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations is subject to interpretations. It establishes provisions, where appropriate, on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.
b. Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences associated with interests in joint operations except where the Company is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences associated with such interests are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilise the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax liabilities are not recognised for temporary differences between the carrying amount and tax bases of investments in subsidiaries, associates and interest in joint arrangements where the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax assets are not recognised for temporary differences between the carrying amount and tax bases of investments in subsidiaries, branches and associates and interest in joint arrangements where it is not probable that the differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will not be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and liabilities are offset when entity has legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognises MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. The MAT credit to the extent there is reasonable certainty that the Company will utilise the credit is recognised in the statement of profit and loss and corresponding debit is done to the deferred tax asset as unused tax credit.
2.9 Segment Reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) as defined by Ind AS- 108, “Operating segment”.
Company's income and expenses including interest are considered as part of un-allocable income and expenses which are not identifiable to any business segment. Company's asset and liabilities are considered as part of un-allocable assets and liabilities which are not identifiable to any business.
2.10 Fair Value Measurement
The Company measures financial instrument at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer or transfer liability takes place either: :
(a) In the principal market for the asset or liability ,or
(b) In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The Principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible to the Company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest. The company uses valuation techniques that are more appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable input and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets of liabilities
Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristic and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
2.11 Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets and liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets
a) Classification
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:
i) those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and
ii) those measured at amortised cost.
The classification depends on the entity's business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.
For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in profit or loss or other comprehensive income.
b) Measurement
Initial recognition:
At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss.
Subsequent measurement :
After initial recognition, financial assets are measured at:
i) fair value (either through other comprehensive income or through profit or loss), or
ii) amortized cost
Debt instruments :
Debt instruments are subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income ('FVOCI') or fair value through profit or loss ('FVTPL') till de-recognition on the basis of (i) the entity's business model for managing the financial assets and (ii) the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
The company classifies its debt instruments into three measurement categories:
i) Amortized Cost: Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortized cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortized cost is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.
ii) Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI): Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. Movements in the carrying amount are taken through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses, which are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss and recognized in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.
iii) Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL): Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or FVOCI are measured at FVTPL. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognized in profit or loss in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss.
c) Impairment
The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.
For trade receivables only, the Company applies the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.
d) De-recognition
A financial asset is derecognised only when:
i) the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
ii) the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows to one or more recipient. or
iii) retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.
Where the entity has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised.
Where the entity has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognised if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.
Financial liabilities
a) Measurement
Initial recognition:
Financial liabilities are initially measured at its fair value plus or minus, in the case of a financial liability not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issue/origination of the financial liability.
Subsequent Measurement :
Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for- trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognized in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognized in statement of profit and loss.
b) De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.
2.12 Impairment of Assets
An asset is impaired when its carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. An entity should assess at the end of each reporting period whether there exists any indication, the entity should estimate the recoverable amount of the asset. If there is an indication that an asset may be impaired, then the remaining useful life, the amortisation method and the residual value needs to be reviewed and adjusted even if no impairment loss is recognized for the asset.
2.13 Financial Risk Management Objectives and Policies
The Company's principal financial liabilities comprise trade and other payables. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company's operations. The Company's principal financial assets comprise trade and other receivables, and cash that arrive directly from its operations.
The Company is exposed to commodity price risk, credit risk and liquidity risk.
The Company's senior management oversees the management of these risks.
The Management Committee reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks which are summarized below: Commodity Price Risk:
The Company is affected by the volatility of certain commodities. Its operating activities require the ongoing purchase of stock and therefore require a continuous supply of the same.
Credit Risk:
The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily for trade receivables) and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions.
• Trade Receivables
Customer credit risk is managed by the Company's established policy, procedures and control relating to customer credit risk management. Credit quality of the customer is assessed and individual limits are defined in accordance with this assessment. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored.
• Cash Deposits
Risk from balances with banks are managed by maintaining the balances with highly reputed commercial banks only.
Liquidity Risk:
The Company monitors its risk to a shortage of funds on a regular basis through cash forecast.
B Key Accounting Estimates and Judgments
2.14 Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the year. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2.15 Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
Key assumption concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period that may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year is as given below.
a) Fair value measurement and valuation processes
Some of the Company's assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent it is available. Where Level 1 inputs are not available, the Company engages third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation. The Management works closely with the qualified external valuers to establish the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs to the model.
b) Useful life of Property, Plant and Equipments
The Company reviews the estimated useful lives of Property, Plant and Equipment at the end of each reporting period. During the current year, there has been no change in useful life considered for the assets.
c) Actuarial valuation
The determination of Company's liability towards defined benefit obligation to employees is made through independent actuarial valuation including determination of amounts to be recognised in the State of Profit and Loss and in Other Comprehensive Income. Such valuation depend upon assumptions determined after taking into account inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors such as supply and demand factors in the employment market. Information about such valuation is provided in notes to the financial statements.
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