2 Material accounting policies
Material accounting policies adopted by the company are as under:
2.01 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
(a) Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the measurement and recognition principles of Indian
Accounting Standard ("Ind AS”) as notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act”) read with the Companies (Indian
Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) issued by Ministry of Corporate Affairs, as amended from time to time. These financial
statements comprise of Balance Sheet as at 31 March 2025, 31 March 2024 and 01 April 2023, the Statement of Profit and Loss (including other
comprehensive income), the Statement of Cash Flows and the Statement of Changes in Equity, for the years then ended, the summary of material
accounting policies and other explanatory information (Collectively, the "Ind AS financial statements”).
These Ind AS Financial Statements for the years ended 31 March 2024 and 01 April 2023 have been prepared using the financial statements
which were earlier prepared in accordance with Accounting Standards prescribed under section 133 of the Act read with rule 7 of the
Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (as amended) (hereinafter referred to as 'Indian GAAP financial statements') for the respective aforesaid
periods, being the applicable financial reporting framework of the Company in such periods. The said audited Indian GAAP financial statements
have been adjusted for the differences in the accounting principles on transition to Ind AS as per the requirements of Ind AS 101, First-time
Adoption of the Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS 101').
There are no material differences in financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2024 that arose out of the aforesaid change in transition
date from 01 April 2023 (to be used as comparative information for preparation of the financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2025
under Section 129 of the Companies Act, 2013) to 31 March 2025 (used for the preparation of these Ind AS Financial Statements for
aforementioned purpose) as a result of the application of principles enunciated under Ind AS 101 for first time adoption of Indian Accounting
Standards.
The date of transition in case of First time adoption of the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind As 101) is 01 April 2023.
(b) Basis of measurement
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured
at fair value or revalued amount:
- Defined Benefit Plans - Plan Assets measured at fair value; and
Classification into current and non-current:
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the company's normal operating cycle and other criteria as set out
in the Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for
processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of
current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities.
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is Company’s Functional Currency and all values are rounded off to the nearest
Lakhs rupees, unless otherwise indicated.
(c) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the Management to make estimate and assumptions that affect the
reported amount of assets and liabilities as at the Balance Sheet date, reported amount of revenue and expenses for the year and disclosures of
contingent liabilities as at the Balance Sheet date. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying financial statements are based upon
the Management’s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from
these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Revisions to accounting estimates, if any, are
recognized in the year in which the estimates are revised and in any future years affected.
2.02 Property, plant and equipment & Intangible Assets
Property, plant and equipment, are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any.
Freehold land has been reassessed and accounted for as a Right-of-Use asset pursuant to the requirements of Ind AS 116, and is accordingly
being depreciated over the lease term. Cost of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price net of any discounts and rebates, any
import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recovered from the tax authorities), any directly attributable expenditure on
making the asset ready for its intended use, other incidental expenses, decommissioning costs, if any, and interest on borrowings attributable to
acquisition of qualifying asset up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that
future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying
amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to
Statement of Profit and Loss during the year in which they are incurred.
An item of PPE is de-recognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the PPE. Any
gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of PPE is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying
amount of the PPE and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The estimated useful lives and residual values are reviewed on an annual basis and if necessary, changes in estimates are accounted for
prospectively. Depreciation on additions/deletions to PPE during the year is provided for on a pro-rata basis with reference to the date of
additions/deletions.
Transition to Ind AS
On transition to Ind AS, the company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognized as at 1
April, 2023 measured as per the Indian GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment.
Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives
Based on technical assessment by the management or as useful life prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 represent actual useful
life of property, plant and equipment. Freehold land is not depreciated. Depreciation on PPE other than freehold land has been provided on
Straight line basis over the useful lives of the assets as per Schedule II to the Companies Act. and has used following useful lives to provide
depreciation of different class of its property, plant and equipment:
Leasehold land is depreciated based on tenure of lease
In respect of additions or extensions forming an integral part of existing assets and insurance spares, including incremental cost arising on
account of translation of foreign currency liabilities for acquisition of Property, Plant and Equipment’s, depreciation is provided as aforesaid
over the residual life of the respective assets.
Depreciation on addition to property plant and equipment is provided on pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition. Depreciation on
sale/deduction from property plant and equipment is provided up to the date preceding the date of sale, deduction as the case may be. Gains and
losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in Statement of Profit and Loss under
’Other Income’.
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed periodically at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, as
appropriate.
2.03 Capital work in progress
Projects under which property, plant and equipment’s are not yet ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising direct cost and
related incidental expenses.
2.04 Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are
measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non¬
monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the
exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.
Treatment of exchange differences
Exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company are recognised as income or
expense in the statement of profit and loss.
2.05 Fair value measurement
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants
at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability
takes place either:
? In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
? In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability accessible to the company.
The company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair
value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy,
described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
- Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or
indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
- Level 3 — Inputs for the assets or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
2.06 Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably
measured. The following specific recognition criteria is ensured before revenue is recognised:
Income from services
Revenue from services contracts priced on time and material basis are recognised when services are rendered and related costs are incurred.
The Company collects Goods and Service Tax on behalf of the government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company.
Hence, it is excluded from revenue.
2.07 Taxes
Tax expense for the year, comprising current tax and deferred tax, are included in the determination of the net profit or loss for the year.
(a) Current income tax
Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax
Act, 1961. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a
net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
(b) Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences, being differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and corresponding
tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively
enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised
for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible
temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same
governing tax laws and the company has a legally enforceable right for such set off.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date for their realisability.
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income
or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity
2.08 Leases
Company as a lessee
At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognized a right-of-use (ROU) asset in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 116 -
Leases. Although the total lease payments were made upfront at the commencement of the lease term, a ROU asset was recognized at cost, which
included the full amount of the lease payment made, along with any initial direct costs and estimated restoration obligations, if any, net of lease
incentives received. Since there were no outstanding lease payments as on the commencement date, no lease liability was recognized. The ROU
asset is subsequently depreciated over the lease term using the straight-line method. This treatment is in line with the requirements of Ind AS
116, which mandate the recognition of ROU assets for all lease arrangements other than those qualifying as short-term or low-value leases.
2.09 Inventories
a) Raw material, packing material and stores and spare parts (including Fuel)
Raw materials and packing material are carried at cost. Cost includes purchase price excluding taxes those are subsequently recoverable from
the concerned authorities, freight inwards and other expenditure incurred in bringing such inventories to their present location and condition.
The carrying cost of raw materials and packing material are appropriately written down when there is a decline in replacement cost of such
materials and finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold below cost.
b) Finished goods, stock-in-trade and work in progress
Finished goods, stock-in-trade and work in progress are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
2.10 Impairment of non-financial assets
The carrying values of assets / cash generating units at each balance sheet date are reviewed for impairment. If any indication of impairment
exists, the recoverable amount of such assets is estimated and impairment is recognised, if the carrying amount of these assets exceeds their
recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss. The recoverable amount
is the greater of the asset's fair value less costs of disposal and their value in use. Value in use is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to
their present value based on an appropriate pre-tax discount rate to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered
any impairment loss. When there is an indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in earlier accounting periods no longer exists
or may have decreased, such reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except in case of revalued assets.
2.11 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks, cash on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three
months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
2.12 Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another
entity.
(a) Financial assets
(i) Initial recognition and measurement
At initial recognition, financial asset is measured at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss,
transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value
through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss.
(ii) Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in following categories:
a) at amortized cost; or
b) at fair value through other comprehensive income; or
c) at fair value through profit or loss.
The classification depends on the entity's business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.
Amortized cost: Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and
interest are measured at amortized cost. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest
rate method (EIR).
Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI): Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the
financial assets, where the assets' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through other
comprehensive income (FVOCI). Movements in the carrying amount are taken through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or
losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is
derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity to Statement of Profit and Loss and recognized
in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.
Fair value through profit or loss: Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or
loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.
Equity instruments: All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are
classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive
income subsequent changes in the fair value. The company makes such election on an instrument- by-instrument basis. The classification is
made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are
recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the company may transfer the
cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the profit and loss.
Derivative financial Assets: Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are
subsequently re-measured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period.
(iii) Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments, the company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition
of impairment loss on financial assets.
In case of trade receivables, the company follows a simplified approach wherein an amount equal to lifetime ECL is measured and recognized as
loss allowance.
In case of other assets , the company determines if there has been a significant increase in credit risk of the financial asset since initial
recognition. If the credit risk of such assets has not increased significantly, an amount equal to 12-month ECL is measured and recognized as loss
allowance. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, an amount equal to lifetime ECL is measured and recognized as loss allowance.
Subsequently, if the credit quality of the financial asset improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial
recognition, the company reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that
the company expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate. Lifetime ECL are the expected credit
losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial asset. 12-month ECL are a portion of the lifetime ECL which
result from default events that are possible within 12 months from the reporting date.
ECL are measured in a manner that they reflect unbiased and probability weighted amounts determined by a range of outcomes, taking into
account the time value of money and other reasonable information available as a result of past events, current conditions and forecasts of future
economic conditions.
As a practical expedient, the company uses a provision matrix to measure lifetime ECL on its portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrix
is prepared based on historically observed default rates over the expected life of trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates.
At each reporting date, the historically observed default rates and changes in the forward-looking estimates are updated.
(iv) Derecognition of financial assets
A financial asset is derecognized only when
a) the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset is transferred or
b) retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one
or more recipients.
Where the financial asset is transferred then in that case financial asset is derecognized only if substantially all risks and rewards of ownership
of the financial asset is transferred. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset,
the financial asset is not derecognized.
(b) Financial liabilities
(i) Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction
costs.
(ii) Subsequent measurement
Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as
held-for-trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and
net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss.
Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign
exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss.
(iii) Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial
liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially
modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The
difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as finance costs.
(c) Embedded derivatives
An embedded derivative is a component of a hybrid (combined) instrument that also includes a non-derivative host contract - with the effect
that some of the cash flows of the combined instrument vary in a way similar to a derivative. Derivatives embedded in all other host contract are
separated if the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative are not closely related to the economic characteristics and risks
of the host and are measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives closely related to the host contracts are not separated.
(d) Offsetting financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset
the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally
enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default,
insolvency or bankruptcy of the company or the counterparty.
(e) Derivative financial liability
Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured to their fair
value at the end of each reporting period.
2.13 Employee Benefits
(a) Short-term obligations
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits. These
benefits include salaries and wages, bonus and ex-gratia. The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in
exchange for the services rendered by employees is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which such services are
rendered.
(b) Other long-term employee benefit obligations
(i) Defined contribution plan
Provident Fund: The company's contributions to statutory provident fund in accordance with the Employees Provident Fund and Miscellaneous
Provisions Act, 1952 which is a defined contribution plan, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of accrual. The company
has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund.
(ii) Defined benefit plans
The company provides for retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity. Benefits payable to eligible employees of the company with respect to
gratuity is accounted for on the basis of an actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The present value of such obligation is determined by
the projected unit credit method and adjusted for past service cost and fair value of plan assets as at the balance sheet date through which the
obligations are to be settled.
Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest) is reflected immediately in the
balance sheet with a charge/credit recognised in Other Comprehensive Income ("OCI") in the period in which they occur.
Remeasurements recognised in OCI is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
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