2. Material Accounting Policies:
(a) Statement of Compliance:
The financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 with relevant amendment rules issued thereafter and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India.
The financial statements are authorized for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company at their meeting held on May 21st, 2025
(b) Basis of Preparation and Presentation:
Basis of Preparation:
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for following assets and liabilities:
(i) Financial Instruments measured at fair value.
(ii) Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).
(iii) Employee's Defined Benefit Plan as per actuarial valuation.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristic into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.
Functional and Presentation Currency:
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and
currency of primary economic environment in which Company operates. All amounts disclosed in financial statements which also include the accompanying notes have been rounded off to nearest million as per the requirement of Schedule III (Division II) to the Companies Act 2013, unless otherwise stated.
Operating Cycle :
The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of Current / Non-Current classification of its Assets and Liabilities.
An asset is treated as current when it is:
(i) Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;
(ii) Held primarily for the purpose of trading, or
(iii) Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
(iv) Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
(i) It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;
(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading.
(iii) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
(iv) There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. Terms of liability that could result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments at the option of the counterparty does not affect this classification.
All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
(c) Property, plant and equipment (PPE) :
The initial cost of PPE comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to working condition and location for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs and any expected costs of decommissioning. Subsequent expenditures related to an item of Property, plant and equipment are added to its book value only if they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.
Expenditure/ Income during construction period (including
financing cost related to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying PPE) is included under Capital Work-in-Progress, and the same is allocated to the respective PPE on the completion of their construction. Advances given towards acquisition or construction of PPE outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed as Capital Advances under "Other non-current Assets".
The cost of an item of PPE is recognised as an asset if, and only if, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company in future periods and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Expenditure incurred after the PPE have been put into operations, such as repairs and maintenance expenses, are charged to the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss during the year in which they are incurred.
An item of PPE is de-recognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the assets. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of PPE, is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, and is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss
Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.
If significant part of an item of PPE have different useful life, then they are accounted for as separate items of PPE.
(d) Depreciation:
Depreciable amount for PPE is the cost of an PPE less its estimated residual value. Depreciation on PPE are charged based on straight line method on an estimated useful life as prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or as per technical assessment.
Depreciation on items of property, plant and equipment acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition / disposal.
In certain classes of PPE, the Company uses different useful lives than those prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. The useful lives have been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the PPE and the estimated usage of the PPE on the management's estimation of obtaining economic benefits from those classes of assets.
(e) Intangible assets :
Intangible assets acquired separately
Intangible assets that are acquired separately with finite useful lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment, if any. The Company determines the amortisation period as the period over which the future economic benefits will flow to the Company after taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed periodically, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level.
Derecognition of intangible assets
An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal.
Gains or Losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are recognized in the statement of profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.
Internally generated Intangible assets (Research and Development expenditure)
Expenditure pertaining to research is expensed as incurred. Expenditure incurred on deveLopment is capitaLised if such expenditure Leads to creation of an asset, otherwise such expenditure is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(f) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets :
At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of non-financiaL assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment Loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverabLe amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment Loss (if any). When it is not possibLe to estimate the recoverabLe amount of an individuaL asset, the Company estimates the recoverabLe amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset beLongs. When a reasonabLe and consistent basis of aLLocation can be identified, corporate assets are aLso aLLocated to individuaL cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.
When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but to the extent that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for
the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.
(g) Inventories :
Raw materials, stores & spare parts and packing materials:
Valued at lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV). However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on first-in-first-out (FIFO) basis. The cost of inventory comprises its purchase price, including non-refundable purchase taxes, and any directly attributable costs related to the inventories.
Work-in- progress (WIP), finished goods, stock-in-trade :
Valued at lower of cost and NRV. Cost of Finished goods and WIP includes cost of raw materials, direct labour, other direct costs and related production overheads upto the relevant stage of completion.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
(h) Employee Benefits :
Employee benefits include Gratuity, Provident Fund, Employee Family Pension, Employee State Insurance Scheme, Compensated Absences and share based payments.
Defined benefit plans:
For defined benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Re-measurement recognised in OCI is reflected immediately in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss. Past service cost is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of a plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset. Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:
(i) service cost (including current service cost, past service
cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);
(ii) net interest expense or income; and
(iii) re-measurement
The present value of the defined benefit plan Liability is calculated using a discount rate which is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds.
The defined benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company's defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.
Defined Contribution Plan:
The Company's contribution to Provident Fund and Pension Fund is considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees. Company has no further obligation beyond its contributions
Short-term employee benefits:
The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognized during the year when the employees render the service. These benefits include compensated absences which are expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related service.
Long-term employee benefits:
Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year are treated as other long-term employee benefits. The company's liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. Actuarial losses/gains are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.
Employee Share based payment:
Equity settled share based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date.
The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity settled share based payments is amortised on a straight line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company's estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.
At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss such
that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the equity-settled employee benefits reserve.
(i) Borrowing costs :
Borrowing cost (General and Specific) includes interest (calculated as per effective interest method), amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.
All other borrowing costs are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred.
(j) Foreign Currencies :
In preparing the financial statements of the Company, transactions in currencies other than the Company's functional currency (i.e. foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate as at the date of initial transactions.
Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise except for, exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings.
(k) Revenue Recognition :
a Revenue from operations
Revenue is recognized on the basis of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods or services to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable taking into account the amount of discounts, rebates, outgoing taxes on sales of goods or services.
Revenue from contract with customer are recognised when goods are dispatched and the control over the goods sold are transferred to customers.
Revenue from turnkey contracts having performance obligation to be fulfilled over the time are recognised measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. The Company measures the progress using the Output method.
Costs to fulfill a contract which is directly related to a contract or to an anticipated contract, generates or enhance resources of the Company that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future and expected to be recovered are recognised as an Asset.
Variable consideration includes discounts and incentives provided to the customers. It is estimated at contract inception considering the terms of contract with customers and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. It is reassessed at end of each reporting period.
Generally, the Company receives short-term advances from its customers. The Company does not expect to have any contracts where the period between the transfer of goods and payment by customer exceeds one year. Hence, the Company does not adjust revenue for the time value of money.
Other Income
(i) Dividend Income is accounted for when the right to receive the income is established.
(ii) Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding on effective interest rate.
(iii) Difference between the sale price and carrying value of investment is recognised as profit or loss on sale / redemption on investment on trade date of transaction.
(l) Lease:
l.1 The Company as a Lessee:
The Company, at the inception of a contract, assesses whether the contract is a lease or not lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a time in exchange for a consideration.
The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.
The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term. The right-of-use asset is periodically reviewed for impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the the Company's incremental borrowing rate.
Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:
- fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments;
- variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;
- amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; and
- the exercise price under a purchase option that the company is reasonably certain to exercise,
lease payments in an optional renewal period if the company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the company is reasonably certain not to terminate early
It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company's estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.
l.2 Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets
The Company has chosen not to recognise right-of- use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases
that have a Lease term of 12 months or Less and Leases of Low-vaLue assets. The Company recognises the Lease payments associated with these Leases as an expense over the Lease term.
(m) Income Taxes:
Tax expense represents the sum of the current tax and deferred tax.
Current Tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities, based on estimated tax LiabiLity computed after taking credit for aLLowances and exemption in accordance with the Local tax Laws. The Company's current tax is caLcuLated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantiveLy enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided, on aLL temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and Liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax assets and LiabiLities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to be appLied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the Laws that have been enacted or substantiveLy enacted at the reporting date. Tax reLating to items recognised directLy in equity or OCI is recognised in equity or OCI and not in the Statement Profit and Loss.
Deferred tax assets and LiabiLities are offset if there is a LegaLLy enforceabLe right to offset current tax LiabiLities and assets, and they reLate to income taxes Levied by the same tax authority.
A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probabLe that future taxabLe profits wiLL be avaiLabLe against which the temporary difference can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no Longer probable.
(n) Earnings per share :
A basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(Loss) after tax for the year attributabLe to equity sharehoLders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(Loss) after tax for the year attributabLe to equity sharehoLders by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which couLd have been issued on the conversion of aLL diLutive potentiaL equity shares.
PotentiaL equity shares are deemed to be diLutive onLy if their conversion to equity shares wouLd decrease the net profit per share from continuing ordinary operations. PotentiaL diLutive equity shares are deemed to be converted
as at the beginning of the period, unLess they have been issued at a Later date. The diLutive potentiaL equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivabLe had the shares been actuaLLy issued at fair vaLue (i.e. average market vaLue of the outstanding shares). DiLutive potentiaL equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.
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