2. Significant accounting policies
2.1 Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred
to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs can be estimated
reliably, there is no continuing management involvement with the goods and the amount of
revenue can be measured reliably. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration
received or receivable, net of taxes and applicable trade discounts and allowances.
Interest income
Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic
benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest
income is accrued on, time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective
interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts
through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial
recognition.
1.1 Foreign Currency Transactions:
Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the
transaction date. All revenues denominated in foreign currency are translated at the exchange
rate prevailing on the date of inward remittance. The consequent exchange gains/ losses arising
there from are transferred to the statement of profit and loss. All foreign currency denominated
monetary assets are translated at the exchange rate prevailing at the Balance Sheet date and the
exchange gains/losses resulting there from are transferred to the statement of profit and loss.
Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying
assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their
intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are
substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
1.2 Taxation
Income tax expense consists of current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognized in the
income statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in
which case it is recognized in equity.
Current tax
Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates
enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in
respect of previous years.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the
amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary
differences: the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business
combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit; differences relating to
investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that
they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and taxable temporary differences arising upon
the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to
be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been
enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are
offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they
relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on
different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or
their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.
A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will
be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are
reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that
the related tax benefit will be realized.
1.1 Earnings per share
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) data for its ordinary shares.
Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the
Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and
the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive
potential ordinary shares, which includes all stock options granted to employees.
1.1 Property, plant and equipment
Recognition and measurement
Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and
accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable
to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials
and other costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to a working condition for its intended
use. Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the construction or production of a
qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of that asset.
When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are
accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.
Gains and losses upon disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by
comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment
and are recognized net within “other (income)/expense, net” in the income statement.
The cost of replacing part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized in the
carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within
the part will flow to the Company and its cost can be measured reliably. The costs of repairs and
maintenance are recognized in the income statement as incurred.
Items of property, plant and equipment acquired through exchange of non-monetary assets are
measured at fair value, unless the exchange transaction lacks commercial substance or the fair
value of either the asset received or asset given up is not reliably measurable, in which case the
asset exchanged is recorded at the carrying amount of the asset given up.
Depreciation
Property, plant and equipment is depreciated under straight line method after considering the
useful life’s and residual values at the time of acquisition and reviewe date end of each financial
year. The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial
statements upon sale or retirement of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognized in
the statement of profit and loss
1.2 Cash flow statements
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, where by profit/(loss) before tax
is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non- cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past
or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with
investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities
of the Company are segregated based on the available information.
1.1 Inventories
The fair value of inventories acquired in a business combination is determined based on its
estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion
and sale, and a reasonable profit margin based on the effort required to complete and sell the
inventories.
1.2 Impairment of non-financial assets
The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred
tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of
impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.
The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (as defined below) is the greater of
its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future
cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current
market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or the cash¬
generating unit. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the
smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely
independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the “cash-generating unit”).
An impairment loss is recognized in the income statement if the estimated recoverable amount of
an asset or its cash-generating unit is lower than its carrying amount. Impairment losses
recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss
has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in
the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to
the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have
been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.
Goodwill that forms part of the carrying amount of an investment in an associate is not recognized
separately, and therefore is not tested for impairment separately. Instead, the entire amount of
the investment in an associate is tested for impairment as a single asset when there is objective
evidence that the investment in an associate may be impaired.
An impairment loss in respect of equity accounted investee is measured by comparing the
recoverable amount of investment with its carrying amount. An impairment loss is recognized in
the income statement, and reversed if there has been a favorable change in the estimates used to
determine the recoverable amount.
2.2 Employee benefits
Short-term employee benefits
Short-term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is
recognized for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive
obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the
obligation can be estimated reliably.
Defined contribution plans
The Company’s contributions to defined contribution plans are charged to the income statement
as and when the services are received from the employees.
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