1. Corporate Information

UPL Limited (the Company) is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and National Stock Exchange Limited in India. The registered office of the Company is located at 3-11, G.I.D.C., Vapi, Dist- Valsad-396195, Gujarat

The Company is principally engaged in the business of manufacturing and sale of pesticides, insecticides and micronutrients.

The standalone financial statements were authorised for issue in accordance with the resolution of the directors on May 11, 2026.

2.1 Basis of Preparation

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013 (“the Act”) as amended thereafter and other relevant provision of the Act.

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:

- Derivative financial instruments

- Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments),

The Company has consistently applied the accounting policies to all periods presented in these standalone financial statements, except if mentioned otherwise.

The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees ('INR') or (' H') which is also the Company's functional currency and all values are rounded to the nearest crores, except when otherwise indicated. Wherever an amount is represented as H '0' (zero) it construes a value less than rupees fifty lakhs.

2.2 Material Accounting Policiesa. Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.

Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle for the purpose of current / non current classification of assets and liabilities.

b. Revenue recognition

The Company derives revenue primarily from sale of agrochemical and other products.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. Revenue excludes amounts collected on behalf of government authorities such as goods and service Tax (GST).

To recognize revenues, the Company applies the following five step approach:

- identify the contract with a customer,

- identify the performance obligations in the contract,

- determine the transaction price,

- allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and

- recognize revenues when a performance obligation is satisfied.

Sale of Goods

The Company recognizes revenue from sale of goods measured upon satisfaction of performance obligation which is at a point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer. Depending on the terms of the contract, which differs from contract to contract, the goods are sold on a reasonable credit term. As per the terms of the contract, consideration that is variable, according to Ind AS 115, is estimated at contract inception and updated thereafter at each reporting date or until crystallisation of the amount.

Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, (net of variable consideration on account of various discounts schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract) allocated to the performance obligation. Revenue excludes taxes collected from customers on behalf of the government. Accruals for discounts/incentives and returns are estimated (using the most likely method based on historical experience and underlying schemes and agreements with customers). Due to the short nature of credit period given to customers, there is no financing component in the contract.

Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient under Ind AS 115 are measured at the transaction price.

Rights of return

For contracts permitting the customer to return an item, revenue is recognized to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. Thus, the amount of revenue recognized is adjusted for expected returns, which are estimated based on the previous history of sales return. In these circumstances, a refund liability and a right

to receive returned goods (and corresponding adjustment to cost of sales) are recognized. The entity measures right to receive returned goods at the carrying amount of the inventory sold less any expected costs to recover goods.

Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, (net of variable consideration on account of various discounts schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract) allocated to the performance obligation. Revenue excludes taxes collected from customers on behalf of the government. Accruals for discounts/incentives and returns are estimated (using the most likely method based on historical experience and underlying schemes and agreements with customers). Due to the short nature of credit period given to customers, there is no financing component in the contract.

Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient under Ind AS 115 are measured at the transaction price.”

Rendering of services

Income from services are recognized as and when performance obligation is met.

Interest income

For all debt instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI), interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss.

Export Incentives

Duty free imports of raw materials under Advance License for Imports as per the Export and Import Policy are matched with the exports made against the said licenses and the benefit / obligation is accounted by making suitable adjustments in raw material consumption.

The benefit accrued under the Duty Drawback scheme and other schemes as per the Export and Import Policy in respect of exports made under the said Schemes is included under the head “Revenue from Operations" as 'Export Incentive' under the head 'Other Operating Revenue'.

and those have been determined based on evaluation by management.The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used. The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

In respect of additions to /deletions from the property, plant and equipment, depreciation is provided on prorata basis with reference to the month of addition/ deletion of the Assets.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal (i.e., at the date the recipient obtains control) or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.

d. Intangible assets

i. Other intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. An intangible asset is recognised only if it is probable that future economic benefits attributable to the asset will flow to the Company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Following initial recognition, intangible assets with finite life are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

ii. Research and Development

Expenditure on research activities is recognized in Standalone Statement of Profit and loss as incurred.

Development expenditure can be capitalized only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognized in Standaloned Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, development expenditure is measured at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment loss. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied

in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill and brands, is recognised in profit or loss as incurred.

Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated residual values using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives and is generally recognised in amortisation in the Standaloned Statement of profit and loss.

The residual value, the amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life is reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period.

e. Borrowing costs

General and specific borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use and borrowing cost are being incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period they are incurred.

Borrowing cost includes interest expense, amortisation of discounts, hedge related cost incurred in connection with foreign currency borrowings, ancillary costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds and exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost."

f. Foreign Currency Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded applying the exchange rate at the date of transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency remaining unsettled at the end of the year, are translated at the closing rates prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Nonmonetary items which are carried in terms of historical

cost denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of transaction. Exchange differences arising as a result of the above are recognized as income or expenses in the statement of profit and loss. Exchange difference arising on the settlement of monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous standalone financial statements, are recognised as income or expenses in the year in which they arise.

Foreign exchange difference on foreign currency borrowings, loans given, settlement gain/loss and fair value gain/loss on derivative contract relating to borrowings are accounted and disclosed under finance cost. Such exchange difference does not include foreign exchange difference regarded as an adjustment to the borrowings cost and capitalised with cost of assets.

g. Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date on a portfolio basis.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the standalone financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the standalone financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

This note summaries accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes:

- Quantitative disclosures of fair value measurement hierarchy (note 43).

- Financial instruments (including those carried at amortised cost) (note 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 14A, 17, 18, 19, 21,41,42, 43 and 44).

h. Leases

At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

i. As a lessee

At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of its relative standalone prices. However, for the leases of property the Company has elected not to separate non-lease components and account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the

commencement date to the end of the lease term unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Company by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Company will exercise a purchase option. In that case the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company's incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The Company determines its incremental borrowing rate by obtaining interest rates from various external financing sources and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

• fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments;

• variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;

• amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; and

• the exercise price under a purchase option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Company is reasonably certain not to terminate early.”

The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company's estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option or if there is a revised in-substance fixed lease payment. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset or is

recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases, including IT equipment. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

ii. As a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

i. Inventories

Stores and spares, packing materials and raw materials are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost is determined on moving weighted average basis.

Work-in-progress, finished products and by-products are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost is determined on standard cost basis which approximates the actual cost. Variances, exclusive of abnormally low volume and operating performance, are adjusted to inventory.

Stock in trade are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

The net realisable value of work in progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials, Stocks of stores and spares, packing materials held for use in the production of finished goods or by-products are not written down below cost except in cases when a decline in the prices of materials indicates that the cost of finished goods or byproducts shall exceed the net realisable value. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

The Company reviews the condition of its inventories and makes provision against obsolete and slow-moving inventory items which are identified as no longer suitable for sale or use. Obsolete and slow-moving items are valued at cost or estimated net realisable value, whichever is lower.

Any write-down of inventories is recognised as an expense during the year.

j. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount.

An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or Company's of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company's CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation and

amortisation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

k. Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

l. Retirement and other employee benefits Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are measured on an undiscounted basis and expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

Defined contribution plans

Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are expensed as the related service is provided. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available.

Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme established under a State Plan. The contributions to the scheme are charged to the statement of profit and loss in the year when employee rendered related services.

Superannuation Fund is a defined contribution scheme and contributions to the scheme are charged to the statement of profit or loss in the year when the contributions are due. The scheme is funded with an insurance company in the form of a qualifying insurance policy.

Defined benefit plans

The Company's net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligations is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the Company, the recognised asset is limited to

the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. To calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any applicable minimum funding requirements.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in standalone statement of profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in the standalone statement profit or loss. The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

The Company's net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. That benefit is discounted to determine its present value. Remeasurements are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

Termination benefits are expensed at the earlier of when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits and when the Company recognises costs for a restructuring. If benefits are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months of the reporting date, then they are discounted.

m. Financial instruments

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

On initial recoginition financial assets are classified as measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI), and fair value through profit or loss. The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset's contractual

cash flow characteristics and the Company's business model for managing them. The Company initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus or minus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs.

A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.”

Financial assets at amortised cost

A 'financial asset' is measured at the amortised cost if both its following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the statement of profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in the Standaloned statement of profit or loss.

Debt instrument at FVTOCI

A 'debt instrument' is classified at FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

b) The asset's contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the company recognizes interest income, impairment losses and reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the Profit and Loss. On de-recognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to Profit and Loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

Financial assets at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for financial assets. Any financial assets including debt instruments, which not

classified as measured at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.

In addition, the company may elect to designate a financial asset or a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as 'accounting mismatch'). The company has designated certain debt instrument as at FVTPL.

Debt instruments and financial asset included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Equity investments

All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a company of similar financial assets) is primarily de-recognised (i.e. removed from the Company's balance sheet) when:

- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

- The company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'passthrough' arrangement; and either (a) the company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent

it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balance

b) Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVTOCI

c) Lease receivables under Ind AS 116

d) Trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115 (referred to as contractual revenue receivables' in these standalone financial statements)

The Company follows 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on:

- Trade receivables or contract revenue receivables; and

- All lease receivables resulting from transactions within the scope of Ind AS 116

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

The Company recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the

credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

- All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension, call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument

- cash flows from the sale of collateral held or Other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms

- Financial assets measured as at amortised cost, contractual revenue receivables and lease receivables: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

n. Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or at amortised cost, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities

designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial liability at amortised cost

After initial recognition, financial liabilities which qualifies for classification as amortised cost are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

This category generally applies to borrowings. For more information refer Note 18.

Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation.

De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised

amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

o. Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts, full currency swaps and interest rate swaps contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks and interest rate risks respectively. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Fair value changes are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

p. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.

q. Cash dividend

The Company recognises a liability to make cash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

r. Taxes

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations

are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

The Company offsets tax assets and tax liabilities, where it has legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amount and where it intends either to settle on net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liability simultaneously.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:

- When the deferred tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss

- In respect oftaxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses are recognised to the extent that it is reasonably certain that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. If the amount of taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognise a deferred tax asset in full, then future taxable profits, adjusted for reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business plans.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

s. Earnings Per Share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for bonus element in a rights issue to existing shareholders.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (considered in determination of basic earnings per share) is divided withand the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the weighted average number of equity shares that would have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

t. Contingent Liability and Contingent assets

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non—occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the standalone financial statements.

A contingent asset is not recognised unless it becomes virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise. When an inflow of economic benefits is probable, contingent asset are disclosed in the standalone financial statements.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

u. Discontinued operations and non-current assets held for sale

Discontinued operation is a component of the Company that has been disposed of or classified as held for sale and represents a major line of business.

' Non-current assets, or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities, are classified as held for sale if it is highly probable that they will be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use. Actions required

to complete the sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Management must be committed to the sale expected within one year from the date of classification.

For these purposes, sale transactions include exchanges of non-current assets for other non-current assets when the exchange has commercial substance. The criteria for held for sale is regarded met only when the assets are available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset or disposal of Company to be highly probable when:

- The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,

- An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated (if applicable),

- The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,

- The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification , and

- Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Such assets, or disposal groups, are generally measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

Once classified as held for sale, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and investment properties are no longer amortised or depreciated, and equity- accounted investee is no longer equity accounted.

Non-current assets classified as held-for-sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.

2.3 Significant accounting estimates, assumptions and judgements

The preparation of the Company's standalone financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities effected in future periods.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the standalone financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Taxes

There are many transactions and calculations undertaken during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts initially recorded, such differences will impact the current and deferred tax provisions in the period in which the tax determination is made. The assessment of probability involves estimation of a number of factors including future taxable income.

Defined benefit plans (gratuity benefits)

A liability in respect of defined benefit plans is recognised in the balance sheet, and is measured as the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the reporting date less the fair value of the plan's assets. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is based on expected future payments at the reporting date, calculated annually by independent actuaries. Consideration is given to expected future salary levels, experience of employee departures and periods of service. Refer note 37 for details of the key assumptions used in determining the accounting for these plans.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the Discounted cash flow (DCF) model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree ofjudgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. See Notes 42 and 43 for further disclosures.

Provision against obsolete and slow-moving inventories

The Company reviews the condition of its inventories and makes provision against obsolete and slow-moving inventory items which are identified as no longer suitable for sale or use. Company estimates the net realisable value for such inventories based primarily on the latest invoice prices and current market

conditions. The Company carries out an inventory review at each balance sheet date and makes provision against obsolete and slow-moving items. The Company reassesses the estimation on each balance sheet date. Refer note 12.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses impairment based on expected credit losses (ECL) model on trade receivables. The Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on the portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

Impairment of non- financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. It is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or Company of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre- tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the time value of money and the risk specific to the asset. In determining fair value less cost of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share price for publicly traded subsidiaries or other available fair value indicators.

Useful lives of property, plant and equipment

The Company reviews the useful life of property, plant and equipment at the end of each reporting period. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expense in future periods.

Impairment of investments in subsidiaries

The Company reviews its carrying value of investments carried at cost (net of impairment, if any) annually, or more frequently when there is indication for impairment. If the recoverable amount is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is accounted for in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Discount/incentives and sales return

The Company recognises the accruals for discount/incentives and returns based on accumulated experience and underlying schemes and agreements with customers.

reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive for the Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise the option to terminate the lease. The Company revises the lease term if there is a change in the non-cancellable period of a lease.

The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.