2 Material accounting policies2.1 Statement of compliance and basis of preparation
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the financial statements.
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:
- Certain financial assets and liabilities that is measured at fair value, and
- Equity settled ESOP at grant date fair value
The accounting policies and related notes further described the specific measurements applied for each of the assets and liabilities.
The Company has prepared the financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.
The financial statements are presented in Rupees (Rs.) and all values are rounded to the nearest lakhs (Rs.00,000), except when otherwise stated.
a. Business combination and Goodwill
The Company applies the acquisition method to account for business combination. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a business comprises:
- fair values of the assets transferred,
- liabilities incurred to the former owners of the acquired business,
- equity interests issued/ cash consideration paid by the Company, and
- fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement.
At acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are recognised at their acquisition date fair values.
The excess of the fair value of consideration over the identifiable net asset acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Company re-assesses whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognised at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve. However, if there is no clear evidence of bargain purchase, the entity recognises the gain directly in equity as capital reserve, without routing the same through OCI.
Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the Company is recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Subsequent changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration that is deemed to be an asset or liability is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not re-measured, and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within the equity.
After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.
If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period
in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted through goodwill during the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date. These adjustments are called as measurement period adjustments. The measurement period does not exceed one year from the acquisition date.
b. Current versus non-current classification
The Company segregates assets and liabilities into current and non-current categories for presentation in the balance sheet after considering its normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Ind AS 1, “Presentation of Financial Statements”. For this purpose, current assets and liabilities include the current portion of non-current assets and liabilities respectively. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are always classified as non-current.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle for determining current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities in the Balance sheet.
c. Foreign currencies
The Company's financial statements are presented in Rs. which is also its functional currency. Transactions in currencies other than the Company's functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on
the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).
d. Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, investments in mutual funds at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
- Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
- Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re¬ assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
This note summarises accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.
Disclosures for valuation methods, significant estimates and assumptions (notes 32 and 42)
Quantitative disclosures of fair value measurement hierarchy (note 43)
Financial instruments (including those carried at amortised cost) (notes 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 18 and 45)
e. Revenue from contracts with customers
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements because it typically controls the goods before transferring them to the customer. Payment terms with customers are immediate payment on delivery of goods with no credit extended to the customer.
i) Sale of traded goods:
Revenue from sale of traded goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods.
Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration on account of various discounts, schemes, Goods and Service Tax (GST) offered by the Company as part of the contract. Retail sales are recognised on delivery of the merchandise to the customer, when the property in goods
and control are transferred for a price and no effective ownership control is retained. Where the Company is the principal in the transaction the sales are recorded at their gross values.
ii) Sale of service
The Company's performance obligation is to facilitate the transaction between the buyer and the seller by providing access to its online marketplace platform. Revenue is recognized at a point in time, when the transaction between the buyer and seller is completed through the platform. The transaction price is the commission fee earned by the Company, which is a percentage of the gross transaction value.
iii) Interest income
Interest income is recognised on accrual basis using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method.
iv) Contract balances (contract liabilities)
A contract liability is recognised if a payment is received or a payment is due (whichever is earlier) from a customer before the Company transfers the related goods or services. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract (i.e., transfers control of the related goods or services to the customer).
There are no contract assets and trade receivables as the Company operates retail stores and digital marketplace and there is no credit sales.
f. Taxes
Tax expense comprise current tax expense and deferred tax.
Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognized outside the statement of profit or loss is recognized outside statement of profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and recognise provisions where appropriate. The Company reflects the effect of uncertainty for each uncertain tax treatment by using either most likely method or expected value method, depending on which method predicts better resolution of the treatment.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except when the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss and does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized, except when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized, or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
The Company offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities if and only if it has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets and current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity which intends either to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered.
Goods and Services Tax (GST) / value added taxes paid on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses
Expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of GST/ value added taxes paid, except:
- When the tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable;
- When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of tax included
The net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of other current assets in the balance sheet.
g. Property, plant and equipment and Capital work-in¬ progress (CWIP)(i) Property, plant and equipment
Freehold land is stated at cost only. All other assets under property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises of purchase price, taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses directly attributable and related to acquisition and installation of the concerned assets. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment, if the recognition criteria are met. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives.
(ii) Capital work in progress
Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any.
(iii) Depreciation
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on the straight-line method computed on the basis of useful life and residual value as per Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. However, in respect of certain class of assets, the Company has assessed the useful lives (as mentioned in the table below) lower than as prescribed in Schedule II, based on the technical assessment. The Company has used following useful lives to provide depreciation on property, plant and equipment:
The Company, based on technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate, depreciates certain items of plant and machinery over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life
prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate. The residual value adopted for such assets does not exceed five per cent of their original cost, in accordance with Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 (as amended).
h. Other intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Other intangible assets with finite lives (Computer software, Technology, Non-compete, and Brand) are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on other intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives (Goodwill) are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash¬ generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.
The useful lives of Goodwill and other intangible assets are assessed as finite or indefinite as follows:
An intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal (i.e. at the date the recipient obtains control) or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use. Any gain or loss arising upon derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of profit and loss.
. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale (qualifying asset) are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
. Leases
The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
Company as a lessee
The Company's lease asset classes primarily comprise of lease for stores, warehouse and office premises. The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short¬ term leases. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets
representing the right to use the underlying assets.
(i) Right-of-use assets
The Company recognises right of use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e. the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right of use assets are measured at cost, less accumulated depreciation, impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right of use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct cost incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right of use assets are depreciated on a straight line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.
The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section (l) Impairment of non-financial assets.
(ii) Lease liabilities
The Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on a rate are recognised as expenses in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.
In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.
(iii) Short-term leases
The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of rented premises and office equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). Lease payments on short-term leases are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
k. Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
a) Packing material and accessories: At lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes purchase price and other direct costs and is determined on a “first in, first out” basis.
b) Traded goods: At lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes purchase price and other incidental costs incurred in bringing the traded goods to its present location and condition. Cost is determined based on "first in first out" method.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
l. Impairment of non-financial assets (including goodwill)
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates
the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are considered, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company's CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the Company operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life (including right of use assets).
For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount
that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.
Goodwill is tested for impairment annually at reporting date and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.
Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing the recoverable amount of each CGU (or group of CGUs) to which the goodwill relates. When the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than it's carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.
Impairment losses are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
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