2. Significant Accounting Policies
2.1 Basis of preparation
(i) Compliance with Ind AS-
The financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section
133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) [Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015] and other relevant
provisions of the Act,
(ii) Historical cost convention-
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for
a) Certain financial assets & liabilities (including derivative instruments) and contingent consideration that are measured
at fair value.
b) Assets held for sale have been measured at fair value less cost to sell
c) Defined benefit plans - plan assets measured at fair value.
2.2 Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification
An asset is treated as current when it is:
• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle of the Company
• Held primarily for the purpose of trading
Ý Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
Ý Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months
after the reporting period all other assets are classified as non -current.
A liability is treated as current when:
• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle of the Company
• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
Ý It is due to be settled within twelve months from the reporting period, or
• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities. The operating cycle is the
time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company
has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
2.3 Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Amounts disclosed as revenue are
inclusive of excise duty and net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, value added taxes and amounts collected on behalf
of third parties
The Company recognizes revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future
economic benefits will flow to the Company and specific criteria if any has been met. The Company bases its estimates
on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each
arrangement.
2.4 Taxes
a) The income tax expense or credit for the year is the tax payable on the current year’s taxable income based on the
applicable income tax rate as per the Income tax Act, 1961 adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities
attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses.
b) The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end
of the reporting year, Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which
applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts
expected to be paid to the tax authorities.
c) Deferred income tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets of
assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred
tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits.
d) Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable
that future taxable amounts will be available to utilize those temporary differences and losses. Therefore, in the case of a
history of recent losses, the Company recognises the deferred tax asset to the extent that it has sufficient taxable
temporary differences or there is convincing other evidences that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which
such deferred tax can be realised.
e) Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there Is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and
liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities
are offset where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to
realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
f) Current and deferred tax is recognised in the Statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items
recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity and in this case, the tax is also recognised in other
comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
2.5 Property, plant and equipment
a) All items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical cost includes
expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the assets. Cost may also include transfers from equity of any
gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges of foreign currency purchases of property, plant and equipment.
b) Subsequent costs are included in the asset s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset as appropriate, only
when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the
item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised
when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of profit and loss during the reporting
year in which they are Incurred.
(o) Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual Value-
Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost, net of their residual values, over their
estimated useful lives.
The useful lives have been determined based on those specified by Schedule II to the Companies Act; 2013, in order to
reflect the actual usage of the assets. The residual values are not more than 5% of the anginal cost of the asset.
The assets' residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting year.
(d) An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is
greater than its estimated recoverable amount.
(e) Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in
the Statement of profit and loss within other gains,' (losses).
2.6 Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition,
intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Internally
generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is
reflected in profit or loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.
The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there
is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an
intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting year. Changes in the expected
useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to
modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The
amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such
expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually
or at the cash-generating unit level, The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the
indefinite life continues to be supportable If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective
basis. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net
disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit or loss when the
asset is derecognised.
2.7 Leases
Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option
to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on
the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options
to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such
as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease
and the importance of the underlying asset.
The Company’s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company assesses whether
a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right
to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract
conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:
(a) the contract involves the use of an identified asset
(b) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease
or an operating lease A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company
is classified as a finance lease.
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use (ROU) asset and a corresponding
lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of 12 months or less (short¬
term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low-value leases, the Company recognizes the lease
payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease
The ROU assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any
lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease
incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
ROU assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and
useful life of the underlying asset. ROU assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the
recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual
asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In
such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.
The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease
payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental
borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding
adjustment to the related ROU asset if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise an extension or
a termination option.
Lease liability and ROU assets have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been
classified as financing cash flows.
2.8 Inventories
Finished goods are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value & material in transit are stated at direct cost.
Cost of inventories include all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Costs
of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling
price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to
make the sale.
2.9 Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired, if any
indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's
recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value
less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset
does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets. When the carrying amount of an
asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable
amount.
In assessing value in use. the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining
fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be
identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted
share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.
Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit
and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to OCI For such properties, the
impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.
For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication
that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company
estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there
has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss
was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount,
nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been
recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is
carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.
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