2.1 Basis of compliance
The financial statements comply, in all material aspects, with Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS')
notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“Act”) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian
Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) and other relevant provisions of the Act to the extent
applicable and applicable guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India ('SEBI')
2.2 Basis of preparation and presentation
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS on the historical cost basis
except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting
period.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal
operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. The Company has
ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of
assets and liabilities. The financial statements including notes thereon are presented in Indian Rupees
(“Rupees”or “Rs.” ), which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency. All amounts disclosed in
the financial statements including notes thereon have been rounded off to the nearest lacs and thousands
as per the requirement of Schedule III to the Act, unless stated otherwise.
The Company has prepared the financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going
concern.
2.3 Critical accounting estimates, assumptions and judgements
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates, assumptions and
judgements that effect the reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures as at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses for the periods presented.
The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are
considered to be relevant.
Actual results may differ from these estimates considering different assumptions and conditions.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting
estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected.
The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the
carrying values of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below :-
2.3.1 Deferred income tax assets and liabilities
Significant management judgment is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be
recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits. The amount of total deferred
tax assets and liabilities could change if management estimates of projected future taxable income or if tax
regulations undergo a change.
2.3.2 Useful lives of property, plant and equipment ('PPE')
PPE represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic
depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset’s expected useful life and the expected
residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual value of the asset are determined by the
management when the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically including at each financial year end. The
lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which
may impact their lives, such as change in technology.
2.3.3 Estimated fair value of unlisted securities
The fair values of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market and cannot be measured
based on quoted prices Management uses its judgement to select a variety of method / methods and make
assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at the end of each financial year.
The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not
feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of
inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility.
Changes in assumptions about these factors could effect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
2.3.4 Provisions and contingencies
From time to time, the Company is subject to legal proceedings, the ultimate outcome of each being subject
to uncertainties inherent in litigation.
A provision for litigation is made when it is considered probable that a payment will be made and the
amount can be reasonably estimated.
Significant judgement is required when evaluating the provision including, the probability of an
unfavourable outcome and the ability to make reasonable estimate of the potential loss. Litigation
provisions are reviewed at each accounting period and revisions made for the changes in facts and
circumstances. Contigent liabilities are disclosed in the notes forming part of the financial statements.
Contingent assets are not disclosed in the financial statements unless an inflow of economic benefits is
probable.
2.4 Property, plant and equipment (PPE)
An item of property, plant and equipment is recognised as an asset if it is probable that the future
economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the company and its cost can be measured reliably.
This recognition principle is applied to the costs incurred initially to acquire an item of PPE, and also costs
incurred subsequently to add to, replace part of , or service it and subsequently carried at cost less
accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
The cost of an asset includes the purchase cost of materials, including import duties and non-refundable
taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended
use.
The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other repair and maintenance costs are
recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.
The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the
cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision is met.
When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for
as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.
The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statements upon sale or
retirement of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value
Freehold land is not depreciated.
Lease-hold land are amortised over the lease term.
Depreciation on other items of PPE is provided on a straight-line basis to allocate their cost, net of their
residual value over the estimated useful life of the respective asset as specified in Schedule II to the
Companies Act, 2013, The estimated useful lives are determined based on assessment made by technical
experts, in order to reflect the actual usage of the assets. The management believes that these estimated
useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be
used.
There exists no restrictions or any encumbrances on title by way of any security/ pledge of any property or
plant & Equipment against any liabilty of the company The estimated useful lives, residual values and
depreciation method are reviewed at-least at the end of each financial year and are adjusted ,wherever
appropriate and required.
2.5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
Non-current assets (including disposal groups) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be
recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is
considered highly probable.
Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at lower of their carrying amount and fair value
less cost to sell.
Non-current assets classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortised from the date when they are
classified as held for sale.
Non-current assets classified as held for sale and the assets and liabilities of a disposal group classified as
held for sale are presented separately from the other assets and liabilities in the Balance sheet.
A discontinued operation is a component of the entity that has been disposed off or is classified as held for
sale and:
a) represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations and;
b) is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations.
The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
2.6 Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Balance sheet when the Company becomes a
party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. The Company determines the classification of its
financial assets and financial liabilities at initial recognition based on its nature and characteristics.
a) Financial assets
i) Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at
fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial
asset. The financial assets include equity, loans and advances, cash and bank balances and derivative
financial instruments
ii) Subsequent measurement
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:
1) At amortised cost,
2) At fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), and
3) At fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).
Debt instruments
A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value
through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquistion or issue.
Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit and loss are expensed in the
Statement of Profit and Loss. Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company's
business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the assets.
There are three measurement categories into which Company classifies its debt instruments:
a) Amortised cost
A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
1) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset for collecting contractual
cash flows, and
2) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of
principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the
effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or
premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR
b) Fair value through Other Comprehensive Income ('FVTOCI')
Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial sheets, cash flows
represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVTOCI. Movements in the carrying
amount are recorded through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest
revenue which are recognised in the Statement of Profit & Losses.
c) Fair value through Profit and loss ('FVTPL')
Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVTOCI are measured at FVTPL. A gain or loss on
a debt investment that is subsequently measured at FVTPL is recognised net in the Statement of Profit and
Loss in the period in which it arises Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.
Equity investments
All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value .
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category, if any, are measured at fair value with all changes
recognized in profit or loss. The Company may make an irrevocable election to present in OCI subsequent
changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The
classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the
instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to
profit or loss, even on sale of investment.
However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
iii) De-recognition
The Company derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the
asset expires or it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of
the asset.
b) Financial liabilities
(i) Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value The financial liabilities include trade and other
payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, derivative financial instruments etc.
(ii) Subsequent measurement
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, Financial liabilities are classified in two categories:
1) Financial liabilities at amortised cost, and
2) Derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
c) Financial Guarantee contracts
Financial guarantee contracts are recognised as a financial liability at the time of issuance of guarantee.
The liability is initially measured at fair value and are subsequently measured at the higher of the amount
of loss allowance determined, or the amount recognised less, the cumulative amount of income recognised.
d) Derivative financial instruments
Initial recognition and subsequent measurement
Derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative
contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial
assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.
e) Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities including derivative instruments are offset and the net amount is
reported in the Balance sheet, if there is currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts
and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities
simultaneously
f) Fair value measurement
Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Under Ind AS, fair
valuation of financial instruments is guided by Ind AS 113 “Fair Value Measurement.”
For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions or market information might be available.
For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information might not be
available. However, the objective of a fair value measurement in both cases is the same to estimate the
price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liability would take place between
market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e. an exit price at the
measurement date from the perspective of a market participant that holds the asset or owes the liability).
Three widely used valuation techniques specified in the said Ind AS are the market approach, the cost
approach and the income approach which have been dealt with separately in the said Ind AS. Each of the
valuation techniques stated as above proceeds on different fundamental assumptions, which have greater
or lesser relevance, and at times there is no relevance of a particular methodology to a given situation.
Thus, the methods to be adopted for a particular purpose must be judiciously chosen. The application of
any particular method of valuation depends on the company being evaluated, the nature of industry in
which it operates, the company’s intrinsic strengths and the purpose for which the valuation is made.
In determining the fair value of financial instruments, the Company uses a variety of methods and
assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date.
The Company uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial
instruments by valuation technique:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or
liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3: Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable
inputs)
g ) Share capital
An equity instrument is a contract that evidences residual interest in the assets of the Company after
deducting all of its liabilities. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new equity shares are
recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
2.7 Impairment of Assets
a) Non-financial assets
Property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its
recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and
value in use.
For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are
separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units).
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a
pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks
specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken
into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These
calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or
other available fair value indicators.
If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer
exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the impairment loss previously recognized is reversed
such that the asset is recognized at its recoverable amount but not exceeding written down value which
would have been reported if the impairment loss had not been recognized.
b) Financial assets
The Company recognizes loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets
which are not fair valued through profit or loss. ECL impairment loss allowance is measured at an amount
equal to lifetime ECL.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income or
expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This amount is reflected under the head “Other expenses” in
the profit or loss. ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those
assets in the Balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off
criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount
2.8 Inventories
There were no inventories for the period under audit
2.9 Revenue recognition2.9.1 Sale of goods
The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers based on a five step model as set out in
Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to determine when to recognize revenue and at what
amount. However at present the company does not have any active business involving manufacturing and
trading
Further Income from Interest on loans, deposits, dividends etc., are recognised as follows
2.9.2 Interest income
Interest income on a financial asset at amortised cost is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
interest rate (‘EIR’).
2.9.3 Dividend Income
Dividend income is accounted for when Company's right to receive the income is established.
2.10 Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the
arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the
arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset and the arrangement conveys a right to use the
asset even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
a) When the Company is a lessor
Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the term of
the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified
as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
Measurement and recognition of leases as a lessee
With effect from April 1, 2019 the Company has adopted Ind AS 116, Leases using the modified
retrospective approach.
Ind AS 116 - Leases introduces a single, on- balance sheet lease accounting model for lessees.
A lessee recognises a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease
liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. There are recognition exemptions for short¬
term leases and leases of low-value items.
Lessor accounting remains similar to the current standard - i.e. lessors continue to classify leases as
finance or operating leases It replaces existing leases guidance, Ind AS 17, Leases.
The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116.
Identification of a lease requires significant judgement. The Company uses significant judegment in
assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate.
However the company does not have any lease contracts as a lessee, hence there is no impact in the
financial statements of the Company
2.11 Employee benefits
a) Short-term employee benefits
Short-term employee benefits in respect of salaries and wages, including non-monetary benefits are
recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in
which the related service is rendered.
b) Defined contribution plans
Payments to a defined contribution benefit scheme for eligible employees in the form of superannuation
fund are charged as an expense as they fall due. The Company does not carry any further obligation, apart
from the contributions made.
c) Defined benefit plans
The Company does not have any obligation, towards defined benefit plans
2.12 Segment Reporting
As mentioned in note no 1 "Company Information" the Company does not have any trading or industrial
business. Further the company has adopted new business of lending and investments hence as such there
are no separate reportable segments as per Indian Accounting Standard "Operating Segments" (Ind AS
108).
2.13 Income tax
Income tax expense comprises current tax and deferred tax and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and
Loss except to the extent it relates to items directly recognized in Equity or in OCI.
a) Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount
expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities using the tax rates and tax laws that are
enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and applicable for the period.
Current tax items in correlation to the underlying transaction relating to OCI and Equity are recognized in
OCI and in Equity respectively.
Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which
applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the
basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.
The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right
to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets
and settle the liabilities simultaneously
b) Deferred income tax
Deferred income tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and
liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of
assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial statements, except when the deferred income
tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a
business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profits or loss at the time of the
transaction.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax
credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available
against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and
unused tax losses can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the
extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the
deferred tax assets to be utilised.
Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each balance sheet date and are recognised to the
extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be
recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when
the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or
substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off
deferred tax assets against deferred tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity
and the same taxation authority.
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