1 CORPORATE INFORMATION:
ASM Technologies Limited (""the Company"") is a company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and is a pioneer in providing world class consulting services in areas of Engineering services and Product Engineering services with successful offshore development & support centres in India and overseas for its global clientele. The shares of the Company is listed in Bombay Stock Exchange. The financial statements have been approved by the Board of Directors of the Company in their meeting held on May 30, 2023.
2 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
2.1 Basis of Preparation:
In accordance with the notification issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards ('Ind AS') notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 with effect from April 1, 2017. The financial statements of the Company are prepared and presented in accordance with Ind AS.
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
2.2 Summary of material accounting policies:
a) Use of Estimates:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively.
b) Current versus non-current classification:
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle.
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is treated as current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
Defferred tax assets/ liabilities are classified as non-current assets/ liabilities.
c) Property, Plant & Equipment:
Property, plant and equipment ("PPE") are stated at the cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and write down for, impairment if any. Direct costs are capitalised until the assets are ready to be put to use. Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other expenses on existing assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, which do not meet the definition of PPE as per Ind AS 16 are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of PPE are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of PPE and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the PPE is derecognized.
d) Depreciation:
Depreciation is provided on straight-line method as per the rates specified in schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act"). Depreciation for the assets purchased/sold during the year is proportionately charged. The assets' residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end or whenever there are indicators for revision, and adjusted prospectively.
e) Investment Properties:
I nvestment property represents properties held for rental yields and/or for capital appreciation or both rather than for:
(a) use in the production or supply of services or for administrative purposes; or
(b) sale in the ordinary course of business.
Investment property is stated at the cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other expenses on existing assets, including day-today repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, which do not meet the definition of Investment Property as per Ind AS 40 are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.
f) Intangible Assets:
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on intial cost. Subsequently, carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impariment losses, if any.
Intangible assets comprising of computer software is amortised on a over a period of three years as estimated by the management.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as a difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit or loss when asset is derecognised.
g) Leases:
Where Company is a Lessee:
The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:
(i) the contact involves the use of an identified asset
(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease
(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. "
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.
The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.
Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.
The borrowing rate applied to lease liabilities for discouting is 12.55%
h) Employee Benefits:
(i) Short term employee benefits:
The employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, leave travel allowance, short term compensated absences etc. and the expected cost of bonus are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.
(ii) Defined Benefit Plans:
Gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is accrued based on an independent actuarial valuation, which is done based on project unit credit method as at the balance sheet date. The Company recognizes the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. Gains and losses through re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability/ (asset) are recognized in other comprehensive income. In accordance with Ind AS, re-measurement gains and losses on defined benefit plans recognized in OCI are not to be subsequently reclassified to statement of profit and loss. As required under Ind AS compliant Schedule III, the Company recognizes re-measurement gains and losses on defined benefit plans (net of tax) to retained earnings.
The Company doesn't have a policy for encashment of leave
i) Revenue Recognition:
The Company derives revenues primarily from IT related services. Effective April 01,2018, the Company has adopted Ind AS 115, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers". Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised services to customers in an amount that refelects the considereation we expect to receive in for those services.
Revenue on time-and-material contracts are recognized as the related services are performed and revenue from the end of the last invoicing to the reporting date is recognized as unbilled revenue. Revenue from fixed-price, fixed-timeframe contracts, where the performance obligations are satisfied over time and where there is no uncertainty as to measurement or collectability of consideration, is recognized as per the percentage-of-completion method. When there is uncertainty as to measurement or ultimate collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved. Efforts or costs expended have been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity.
The Company recognised incentive from government in respect of Service Exports from India Scheme based on claim lodged by the Company.
j) Taxation:
Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Current and deferred tax are recognized in statement of profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
Current income tax expense comprises taxes on income from operations in India and in foreign jurisdictions. Income tax payable in India is determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Tax expense relating to foreign operations is determined in accordance with tax laws applicable in countries where such operations are domiciled. Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which gives rise to future economic benefits in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax in future years. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the assets will fructify.
Deferred income tax is recognized on temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.
Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date."
k) Inventories:
I nventories are valued at cost determined on weighted average basis or net realizable values whichever is lower.
l) Foreign Currency Transactions:
Functional Currency:
The functional currency of the Company is the Indian rupee.
Transactions and translations:
Foreign currency transactions are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are restated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Gains and losses arising on settlement and restatement of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are included in the statement of profit and loss.
m) Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent assets:
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of embodying economic benefits of resources will be required to settle a reliably assessable obligation. Provisions are determined based on best estimate required to settle each obligation at each balance sheet date. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Provisions for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable costs of meeting obligations under a contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received, are recognized when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event, based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements. A contingent asset is never recognised but only disclosed in the financial statements.
n) Segment reporting policies:
Identification of segments:
Operating Segments are identified on the basis of internal reports about components of the group that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (CODM) in order to allocate resources to the segments and to assess their performance in accordance with Ind AS 108, Operating Segments. Since CODM evaluates Company's performance at a geographic segment level, operating segment information is accordingly given at geographic level.
o) Financial Instruments:
Financial assets and liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability.
i) Cash & Cash equivalents:
The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.
ii) Financial assets at amortized cost:
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
iii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income:
Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
iv) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:
Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognized in statement of profit and loss.
v) Financial liabilities:
Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, except for contingent consideration recognized in a business combination which is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
vi) De-recognition of financial instruments:
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for de-recognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.
vii) Fair value of financial instruments:
I n determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses following hierarchy and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date.
Fair value hierarchy:
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
> Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
> Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement is directly or indirectly observable
> Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement is unobservable For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
viii) Investments in subsidiary:
Investments in subsidiary is carried at cost.
p) Impairment:
i) Financial assets:
The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for all contract assets and / or all trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the life time expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.
ii) Non-financial assets:
Tangible and Intangible assets: PPE, intangible assets and investment property with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs. If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
q) Cashflow Statement:
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated. The Company considers all highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash to be cash equivalents.
2.3 Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions:
The preparation of the Company's financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
a) Judgements:
In the process of applying the Company's accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements:
(b) Estimates and assumptions:
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
Defined benefit plans - Gratuity
The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment medical benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds
The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases are based on expected future inflation rates and expected salary increase thereon.
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