2. Significant Accounting Policies
2.1 Compliance with IND-AS
The Company has prepared financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2024 in accordance
with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified by the Ministry of Corporate affairs under the
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) together with the
comparative period data as at and for the year ended March 31, 2025.
2.2 Basis of preparation and presentation
The financial statements prepared on the historical cost basis, except for certain financial assets
that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period as explained in the accounting
policies below.
The financial statements are prepared in INR and all values are rounded to the nearest Lakhs,
except when otherwise stated. The company has consistently applied the following accounting
policies to all periods presented in these financial statements.
a) Current versus non-current classification of assets and liabilities:
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance sheet based on current/non-current
classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
• Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
• Held primarily for the purpose of trading
• Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability
for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve
months after the reporting period
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The Operating Cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for business purposes and their
realization into cash and cash equivalents.
b) Property, Plant and Equipment:
Property, Plant and Equipment are recorded at their cost of acquisition, net of refundable taxes
or levies, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost thereof
comprises of its purchase price, including import duties and other non-refundable taxes or
levies and any directly attributable cost for bringing the asset to its working condition for its
intended use.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is
derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or
disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference
between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the
Statement of Profit or Loss when the asset is de-recognised.
Machinery Spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of Fixed Asset
and the use of which is irregular, are capitalized at cost. The cost thereof comprises of its
purchase price, including import duties and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any
directly attributable cost for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.
For transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all its
property, plant and equipment and other Non-current Assets recognised as on 1st April, 2016
(date of transition) measured as per previous GAAP as its deemed cost on the date of
transition.
Depreciation:
Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment and Investment Properties is provided on
different class of assets based on the method and on the basis of its useful lives as per
Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, Depreciation on Fixed Assets other than Plant and
Machinery is provided on Written down value Method.
Depreciation on additions to Fixed Assets is provided on pro-rata basis from the date of
acquisition or installation.
Impairment of Property Plant and Equipment & other Non-Current Assets:
Carrying amount of tangible and intangible assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
These are treated as impaired when the carrying cost thereof exceeds its recoverable value.
Recoverable value is higher of the asset's net selling price or value in use. Value in use is the
present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an
asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount
receivable from the sale of an asset in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable,
willing parties, less the cost of disposal. An impairment loss is charged for when an asset is
identified as impaired.
c) Fair Value Measurement:
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value
measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the
liability takes place either:
• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market
participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants
act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's
ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by
selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for
which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant
observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial
statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the
lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
• Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or
liabilities
• Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
• Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement is unobservable
d) Financial instruments:
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a
financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
FINANCIAL ASSETS
Initial recognition and measurement-
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not
recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the
acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of
assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place
(regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date.
Subsequent measurement-
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in three categories:
i) Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
ii) Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
iii) Financial assets at amortized cost
Equity instruments
All equity instruments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments
which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, an
irrevocable choice is made on initial recognition to measure it at FVTOCI. All fair value changes
on such investments, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of
the amounts from OCI to profit or loss, even on sale or disposal of the investment. However,
on sale or disposal the company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar
financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company's balance sheet)
when:
• The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or The Company
has transferred its rights to receive contractual cash flows from the asset or has assumed
an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party
under a 'pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred
substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither
transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has
transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has
entered into a pass through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the
risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all
of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company
continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing
involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred
asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and
obligations that the Company has retained.
On Derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset's carrying
amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or
loss that had been recognized in OCI and accumulated in equity is recognized in profit or loss
if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognized in profit or loss on disposal of that
financial asset.
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES:
Initial Recognition and Measurement:
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and
borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Company's
financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank
overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts.
Subsequent Measurement:
This is dependent upon the classification thereof as under:
Loans and Borrowings:
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at
amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when
the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process. Amortized cost
is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs
that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the
statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition:
A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or
cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same
lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially
modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original
liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying
amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
Equity Instruments:
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an
entity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements. These are recognised
at the amount of the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
e) Revenue Recognition:
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to
the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the amount is
received. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable,
taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties
collected on behalf of the government, discounts and rebates.
Other Operating Revenue:
Revenue in respect of other income is recognized only when it is reasonably certain that
ultimate collection will be made.
Interest Income:
Interest Income from Financial Assets is recognized using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) on
amortized cost basis.
Dividend Income:
Dividend income is recognized when the Company's right to receive the payment is
established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.
f) Employee Benefits:
Short term employee benefits are those which are payable wholly within twelve months of
rendering service and are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in Statement
of Profit and Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.
g) Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs comprising of interest and other costs that are incurred in connection with the
borrowing of funds that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets
are considered as a part of cost of such assets less interest earned on the temporary
investment. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get
ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of profit and
loss in the year in which they are incurred.
h) Taxes on Income:
Current Income Taxes:
Current income tax liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation
authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are
enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items
recognized directly in other comprehensive income / equity is recognized similarly and not in
the statement of profit and loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax
returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to
interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred Taxes:
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax
bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at
the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences,
when the deferred tax liability arises from an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a
business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit
nor taxable profit or loss.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward
of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the
extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible
temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can
be utilized, except, when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference
arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business
combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor
taxable profit or loss.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to
the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all
or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re¬
assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable
that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in
the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws)
that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or
loss. Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in
OCI or directly in equity. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally
enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.
MAT:
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which give rise to
future economic benefits in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, is considered
as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax after
the specified years. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as deferred tax asset in the Balance Sheet
when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefits
associated with it will flow to the Company.
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