1. Company Overview and Accounting Policies

A. corporate information

BSL Limited ("the Company") is a public Limited company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at Post Box No. 16-17, Mandpam, Bhilwara, Rajasthan. The Company has its primary listing on the BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange in India.

The Company's operation predominantly relates to Textile. BSL is one of the India's largest vertically integrated textile company and leading manufacturers of Poly Viscose, Worsted & Cotton Yarns and Poly Viscose, Worsted and Fashion Fabrics in India.

B. Material Accounting Policies

i. statement of compliance

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS), as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013('the Act') read with the Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Rules 2015 as amended from time to time and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

ii. Basis of preparation and presentation

The financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis except for following financial instruments that are measured at fair value:

• Defined benefit plan- Plan assets measured at fair value,

• Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (including derivative instruments).

> Functional and Presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

> Classification of Assets and Liabilities as Current and Non-Current

All assets & liabilities are classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products/activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.

Assets are classified as current when any of following criteria is satisfied:

i. The Company expects to realize the asset, or intends to sell or consume it, in its normal operating cycle;

ii. The Company holds the asset primarily for the purpose of trading;

iii. The Company expects to realize the asset within twelve months after the reporting period;

iv. The asset is cash or a cash equivalent unless the asset is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

Liabilities are classified as current when any of following criteria is satisfied:

i. The Company expects to settle the liability in its normal operating cycle;

ii. The Company holds the liability primarily for the purpose of trading;

iii. The liability is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

iv. The Company does not have a right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

v. If a loan covenant is breached on or before the reporting date, the liability must be classified as current, even if the lender waives the breach after the reporting date.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

iii. Revenue recognition

The company mainly deals in textiles and derives revenues primarily from sale of manufactured goods, traded goods and related services.

Revenue from sale of products and services are recognized at a time on which the performance obligation is satisfied, at an amount that reflects the consideration the company expects to receive in exchange for those products and services. The period over which revenue is recognized is based on entity's right to payment for performance completed.

Other Operating revenue

a) Export incentives are accounted for in the year of export.

b) Interest on bank deposits is recognized on the effective interest rate method basis taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest applicable.

c) Interest from trade receivables and other financial assets are recognized when it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the entity and the amount can be measured reliably.

d) Claim lodged with insurance companies is recognized as income on acceptance by the insurance Companies. iV. Government Grant & Government Assistance

Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.

Government grant/subsidy if relates to an expense item are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognise as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

The Capital Subsidy under Technology Up-gradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) from Government on specified machinery is recognized on a systematic and rational basis by adopting Deferred Income Approach. Such allocation to income is done prospectively over the remaining useful life of the respective assets and is adjusted against the depreciation in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Pending the utilization of the grant received, the same is presented as 'Deferred Income'.

If the grant/subsidy is related to subvention of a particular expense, it is deducted from that expense in the year of recognition of government grant/ subsidy.

V. inventories

Inventories including goods-in-transit are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realizable value. Cost of inventory includes the cost of purchase & GST paid on inputs and all other direct and indirect cost allocated proportionately incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Raw materials and stores & spares

Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on FIFO basis in case of raw material and on weighted average basis in case of stores & spares.

Finished goods and work in progress

Cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity but excluding borrowing costs. Cost is determined on weighted average cost basis.

T raded goods

Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on FIFO basis.

Waste

Valued at net realizable value.

Goods on Job work

Processed value of goods on job basis is valued at contract rate.

VI. Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE)Recognition and measurement

Property, plant and equipment (PPE) are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The cost of property, plant and equipment (PPE) comprises its purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the tax authorities), any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use, other incidental expenses, present value of decommissioning costs (where there is a legal or constructive obligation to decommission) and interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use.

subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure on property plant & equipment after its purchase / completion is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

impairment

Property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset may be impaired. If an impairment loss is determined, the remaining useful life of the asset is also subject to adjustment.

An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss to the extent, asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is higher of an asset's fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risk specific to the assets.

The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

capital work-in-progress

Projects under which property, plant and equipment are not yet ready for their intended use are carried at cost less any recognised impairment loss. Cost comprises direct cost, related incidental expenses and borrowing cost.

Depreciation

Depreciation is recognised for property, plant and equipment so as to write-off the cost less residual values over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis taking into account commercial and technological obsolescence as well as normal wear and tear.

Depreciation on tangible assets except plant & equipments of cotton spinning division is provided on straight line method over the useful lives prescribed under Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013.

Depreciation on plant & equipments installed in cotton spinning division is provided on straight line method over useful life of 20 years as per technical opinion taken by the company.

Free hold land is not depreciated.

Depreciation on additions to or on disposal of property, plant and equipment is calculated on pro-rata basis i.e. from (up to) the date on which the Property, Plant and Equipment is available for use (disposed off).

Derecognition of PPE

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment) is included in the statement of profit & loss when the property, plant and equipment is derecognized.

Vii. intangible assetsRecognition and measurement

An intangible asset is recognized when it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the entity; and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. All other expenditure is expensed as incurred.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

The cost of a separately acquired intangible asset comprises of its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates; and any directly attributable cost of preparing the asset for its intended use.

Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and the related expenditure is reflected in statement of profit or loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

Amortisation

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or infinite. The amortization period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

impairment

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level.

The estimated useful life of the finite intangible assets is given below:

Derecognition of intangible assets

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from Derecognition of an intangible asset are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and recognised in Statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Viii. Foreign currencies

The Company's financial statements are presented in INR. '

T ransactions and balances

In preparing the financial statements, transactions in foreign currencies are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the period are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss of the period.

At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies (except financial instruments designated as Hedge Instruments) are translated at the rates prevailing at that date.

Exchange differences on translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise with the exception of the following:

Monetary items that are designated as part of cash flow hedge instrument are recognised in other comprehensive income.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.

The Company uses derivative instruments i.e. forward contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. The Company designates these forward contracts as cash flow hedges to mitigate the risk of foreign exchange exposure on highly probable forecast cash transactions. The Company has designated forward instruments on spot to spot basis. The Company recognises the forward points in the statement of profit and loss account.

At the inception of the hedge relationship, the entity documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, along with its risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Furthermore, at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Company documents whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.

When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivatives is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the other comprehensive income under other equity. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in other comprehensive income till the period hedge was effective remains in other comprehensive income until the forecasted transaction occurs. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in the other comprehensive income is transferred to the statement of profit and loss upon the occurrence of related forecasted transaction. If the forecasted transactions no longer expected to occur, then the amount accumulated in other comprehensive income is reclassified to net profit in the statement of profit and loss.

IX. Employee benefitsShort-term Employee Benefits

Short-term employee benefits obligation is measured on undiscounted basis and is expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

Defined Contribution Plan

The Company makes defined contribution to Employees Provident Fund Organization (EPFO), Pension Fund, Superannuation Fund and Employees State Insurance (ESI), which are accounted on accrual basis as expenses in the statement of profit and loss in the period during which the related services are rendered by employees.

Prepaid contribution is recognized as assets to the extent that a cash refund or reduction in future payments is available.

Defined Benefit Plan

The Company's liabilities on account of gratuity and earned leave on retirement of employees are determined under defined benefit plans.

The Company's net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligations is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the Company, the recognized asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any applicable minimum funding requirements.

Remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognized immediately in Other Comprehensive Income. Net interest expense (income) on the net defined liability (assets) is computed by applying the discount rate, used to measure the net defined liability (asset), at the start of the financial year after taking into account any changes as a result of contribution and benefit payments during the year.

Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognized in statement of profit and loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognized immediately in statement of profit and loss. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

Income tax expense represents the sum of tax currently payable and deferred tax.

> Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from 'profit before tax' as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible.

Current tax is determined on the basis of taxable income and tax credits computed for Company, in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdiction where the Company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income (OCI) or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Advance taxes and provisions for current income taxes are presented in the balance sheet after off-setting advance tax paid and income tax provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction and where the relevant taxpaying units intends to settle the asset and liability on a net basis.

> Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax base used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability will be settled or the asset will be realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the relevant entity intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Current and deferred tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognized in statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

Xi. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).

Contingent Liability is disclosed after careful evaluation of facts, uncertainties and possibility of reimbursement, unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote. Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in notes.

Contingent assets are not recognized. However, when the realization of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is no longer a contingent asset, but it is recognized as an asset.

XII. Segment reporting

The Board of Directors of the Company identified Textiles as primary business segment as the company mainly dealing in Textile business only.

Further the board has identified two geographical segments i.e. 'Domestic' and 'Export' considering the political and economic environment. Type A customers, assets employed and risk parameters associated in respect of each of the geographical area.

XIII. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the profit/loss for the year attributable to the shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/ loss for the year attributable to the shareholders of the Company as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income (net of any attributable taxes) relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share from continuing ordinary operations. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. average market value of the outstanding shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for share splits / reverse share splits and bonus shares, as appropriate.

XIV. Statement of Cash flow

Statement of cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

XV. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of the assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.

Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.

All other borrowing costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred.

XVI. Non-Current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale and discontinued operations

Non-Current assets (or disposal groups) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. They are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits, financial assets and contractual rights under insurance contracts, which are specifically exempt from this requirement.

An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less cost to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. Again or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognised at the date of de-recognition.

Non-current assets (including those that are part of disposal group) are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale continue to be recognised.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.

A discontinued operation is a component of the entity that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale and that represent a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the statement of profit and loss.

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

• In the absence of a principal market, in most advantageous market for the asset or liability and the Company has access to the principal or the most advantageous market.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets & liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and the risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above. This note summarizes accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

XVMI.Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

For the purposes of the presentation of cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, in banks and demand deposits with banks, net of outstanding bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand, book overdraft as they being considered as integral part of the Company's cash management system.

XIX. Financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial assets

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in below mentioned categories:

• Financial assets carried at amortized cost.

• Financial asset at fair value through other comprehensive income.

• Financial asset at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial assets at amortized cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI) if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both selling financial assets and collecting contractual cash flows, the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition, the Company makes an irrevocable election on an instrument-by-instrument basis to present the subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income pertaining to investments in equity instruments, other than equity investment which are held for trading. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the "Reserve for equity instruments through other comprehensive income'. The cumulative gain or loss is not reclassified to the statement of profit and loss on disposal of the investments.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss ('FVTPL')

Investment in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income for investment in equity instruments which are not held for trading.

Other financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognized in Statement of profit or loss.

Impairment of financial assets (other than at fair value)

The Company measures the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. If the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses.

However, for trade receivables, the Company measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. In cases where the amounts are expected to be realized up to one year from the date of the invoice, loss for the time value of money is not recognized, since the same is not considered to be material.

Derecognition of financial assets

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual right to the cash flow from the asset expires or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all risk and reward of ownership of the asset to other party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risk and reward of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognizes its retained interest in the asset and an associate liability for an amount it has to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and reward of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the company continues to recognize the financial asset and also a collateralized borrowing for the proceeds received.

Financial liabilities

All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by a Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognized in the statement of profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the effective interest rate (EIR) amortization process.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

T rade and other Payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods & services provided to the Company prior to the end of the financial year which are unpaid. These are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using effective interest method. Where the maturity period is within one year from balance sheet date, the carrying amount approximate the fair value at initial recognition due to short maturity of these instruments.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

The Company derecognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company's obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Reclassification of financial assets and financial liabilities

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company's senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company's operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

XX. impairment of Non-Financial assets

The non-financial assets, other than biological assets, inventories and deferred tax asset are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indications exist, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment.

For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

Goodwill arising from the business combination is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefits from the synergies of the combination.

The recoverable amount of the CGU (or an individual asset) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less cost to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre- tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specifics to the CGU (or the asset).

The corporate assets (e.g. central office building for providing support to various CGUs) do not generate independent cash inflows. To determine impairment of a corporate asset, recoverable amount is determined for the CGUs to which the corporate asset belongs.

The impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset or the CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in the statement of profit & loss. Impairment loss recognized in respect of CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amount of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not subsequently reversed. In respect of other assets for which impairment loss has been recognized in prior periods, the company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

XXI. Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statement in conformity with Ind AS requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognized in the periods in which the results are known / materialize.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and current and / or future periods are affected.

XXII. Critical accounting judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The preparation of the Company's financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities.

> critical accounting judgments in applying accounting policies

The following are the critical judgments, apart from those involving estimations that the Management have made in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies and that have most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.

Defined benefit plans (gratuity benefits)

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment medical benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate; future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the DCF model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. (Refer Note 1-B (XVII))

Impairment of non-financial assets

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

Impairment of financial assets

The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The Company uses judgment in making assumption and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on Company's past history, existing market conditions as well as forward estimate at the end of each reporting period.

Assets Held for sale

Management Judgment is required for identifying the assets which are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset and its sale is highly probable which could lead to significant judgment. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

Income taxes

Management judgment is required for the calculation of provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company reviews at each balance sheet date the carrying amount of deferred tax assets. The factors used in estimates may differ from actual outcome which could lead to significant adjustment to the amounts reported in the financial statements.

Contingencies

Management judgment is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/claim/ litigations against the Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.

Insurance claims

Insurance claims are recognized when the Company has reasonable certainty of recovery. Subsequently any change in recoverability is provided for.

XXIII. Key Source of estimation uncertainty

Key source of estimation uncertainty at the date of the financial statements, which may cause a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, is in respect of impairment of investments, provisions and contingent liabilities.

The areas involving critical estimates are:

Useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment

Useful life and residual value of property, plant and equipment are based on management's estimate of the expected life and residual value of those assets and is as per schedule II to the Companies Act 2013/ as per technical opinion taken by the company.

These estimates are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. Any reassessment of these may result in change in depreciation expense for future years. (Refer note no 1-B (VI))

Impairment of property plant and equipment

The recoverable amount of the assets has been determined on the basis of their value in use. For estimating the value in use, it is necessary to project the future cash flow of assets over its estimated useful life. If the recoverable amount is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is accounted for in statement of profit and loss. (Refer note no 1-B (VI))

Valuation of deferred tax assets

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent it is considered probable that those assets will be recoverable. This involves an assessment of when those deferred tax assets are likely to reverse and a judgment as to whether or not there will be sufficient taxable profits available to offset the tax assets when they do reverse. The Company reviews the carrying amount of deferred tax assets at the end of each reporting period. Any change in the estimates of future taxable income may impact the recoverability of deferred tax assets (Refer note 1-B (X)).

Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Notes. Contingent assets are not recognized but disclosed in the financial statements wherever applicable. (Refer note 1 B (XI))