NOTE-1A: Material Accounting Policies InformationI. Corporate Information

The standalone financial statements of "Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited” ("the Company” or "CPCL”) are for the year ended March 31, 2025.

The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India. Its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange in India. The registered office of the Company is located at 536, Anna Salai, Teynampet, Chennai- 600018. (CIN -L40101TN1965GOI005389)

CPCL is in the business of refining crude oil to produce & supply various petroleum products.

The standalone financial statements have been approved for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors passed in its meeting held on April 25, 2025.

II. Material Accounting Policies1. Basis of preparation and statement of compliance

1.1. The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis and in accordance with the applicable Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act”) read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules and other relevant provisions of the Act and Rules thereunder, as amended from time to time, and to the extent applicable.

1.2. The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:

• Derivative financial instruments,

• Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer serial no. 15 of material accounting policies regarding financial instruments) and

• Plan assets related to employee benefits (refer serial no. 12 of material accounting policies regarding employee benefits)

1.3. The fi nancial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?) which is Company's presentation and functional currency and all values are rounded to the

nearest Crores (up to two decimals) except when otherwise indicated.

2. Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) and Intangible Assets

2.1. Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE)

2.1.1. Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) are stated in the Balance Sheet at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses (if any), except freehold land which are carried at historical cost.

2.1.2. Technical know-how / license fee relating to plants/ facilities and specific software that are integral part of the related hardware are capitalized as part of cost of the underlying asset.

2.1.3. Spare Parts are capitalized when they meet the definition of PPE, i.e., when the Company intends to use these for a period exceeding 12 months.

2.1.4. Environment responsibility related obligations directly attributable to projects is recognized as project cost on the basis of progress of project or on actual incurrence, whichever is higher.

2.1.5. On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its PPE recognized as at April 1, 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the PPE.

2.2. Capital Work in Progress (CWIP)

2.2.1. Expenditure incurred on assets under construction (including a project) is carried at cost under CWIP.

2.2.2. Construction Period Expenses

Revenue expenses exclusively attributable to projects incurred during construction period are capitalized. However, such expenses in respect of capital facilities being executed along with the production/operations simultaneously and where the expenses are not attributable exclusively are charged to revenue.

Borrowing cost incurred during construction period on loans specifically borrowed and utilized for projects is capitalized on quarterly basis up to the date of capitalization.

Borrowing cost, if any, incurred on General Borrowings used for projects is capitalized at the other than those mentioned above weighted average cost. The amount

of such borrowings is determined on quarterly basis after setting off the amount of internal accruals.

2.2.3. Capital Stores

Capital Stores are valued at weighted average cost. Impairment is recognized for likely diminution in value, wherever required.

2.3. Intangible Assets & Amortisation

2.3.1. Technical know-how / license fee relating to production process and process design are recognized as Intangible Assets and amortised on a straight-line basis over the life of the underlying plant/ facility.

2.3.2. Cost incurred on computer software/licenses purchased/developed resulting in future economic benefits, other than specific software that are integral part of the related hardware, are capitalized as Intangible Asset and amortised over a period of three years beginning from the month in which such software/ licenses are capitalized. However, where such computer software/ license is under development or is not yet ready for its intended use, accumulated cost incurred on such items are accounted as "Intangible Assets Under Development”.

2.3.3. Right of ways with indefinite useful lives are not amortised but tested for impairment annually at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

2.3.4. Intangible Assets acquired are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, Intangible Assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

2.3.5. Intangible Assets are amortised over the useful life on straight line basis and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the Intangible Asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an Intangible Asset are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets is recognized in the

2.4.5. The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of PPE are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

3. Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

3.1. Leases as Lessee (Assets taken on lease)

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognizes lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

3.1.1. Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made.

3.1.2. Right-of-use Assets

The Company recognizes right-of-use (ROU) assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities.

3.1.3. Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of Property, Plant and Equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognized as expense on a straightline basis over the lease term or another systematic basis if that basis is more representative of the pattern of the lessee's benefit. It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases that

are considered of low value and is not intended for sublease.

3.2. Leases as Lessor (Assets given on lease)

3.2.1. When the company acts as lessor, it determines at the commencement of the lease whether it is a finance lease or an operating lease. Rental income from operating lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern of the benefit derived from the asset given on lease.

All assets given on finance lease are shown as receivables at an amount equal to net investment in the lease. Principal component of the lease receipts is adjusted against outstanding receivables and interest income is accounted by applying the interest rate implicit in the lease to the net investment.

4. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value less cost of disposal and its value in use. Impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less cost of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company's CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of 15 years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifteenth year. To estimate cash

flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified.

5. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of the qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset. Capitalization of borrowing costs is suspended when active development activity on the qualifying assets is interrupted other than on temporary basis and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during such extended periods. All other borrowing costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the same are incurred.

6. Foreign Currency Transactions

6.1. Transactions in foreign currency are initially recorded at spot exchange rates prevailing on the date of transactions.

6.2. Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies (such as cash, receivables, payables etc.) outstanding at the end of reporting period, are translated at exchange rates prevailing on that date.

6.3. Non-monetary items denominated in foreign currency, (such as PPE, intangible assets, equity investments, capital/ revenue advances other than expected to be settled in cash etc.) are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.

6.4. Any gains or losses arising due to differences in exchange rates at the time of translation or settlement are accounted for in the Statement of Profit and Loss either under the head foreign exchange fluctuation or interest cost to the extent regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs as the case may be.

7. Inventories

7.1. Raw Materials & Stock-in-Process

7.1.1. Raw materials including crude oil are valued at cost determined on weighted average basis and net realisable value, whichever is lower. Stock in Process is valued at raw materials cost-plus processing cost as applicable and net realisable value, whichever is lower. Crude oil in Transit is valued at cost and net realisable value, whichever is lower.

7.1.2. Initial cost of inventories includes the transfer of gains and losses on qualifying cash flow hedges, recognized in OCI, in respect of the purchases of raw materials.

7.2. Finished Products and Stock-in-Trade

7.2.1. Finished Products and Stock in Trade are valued at cost determined on 'First in First Out' basis and net realisable value, whichever is lower. Cost of Finished Products internally produced is determined based on raw materials cost and processing cost.

7.2.2. Imported products in transit are valued at cost and net realisable value whichever is lower.

7.3. Stores and Spares

7.3.1. Stores and Spares (including Chemicals) are valued at weighted average cost. In case of declared surplus/ obsolete stores and spares, provision is made for likely loss on sale/disposal and charged to revenue. Further, provision is made to the extent of 97 per cent of the value of non-moving inventory of stores and spares (excluding maintenance, repair & operation items, pumps and compressors) which have not moved for six years and above.

7.3.2. Stores and Spares in transit are valued at cost.

8. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets

8.1. Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

8.2. Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

8.2.1. Show-cause notices issued by various Government Authorities are generally not considered as obligations. When the demand notices are raised against such show cause notices and are disputed by the Company, these are classified as disputed obligations.

8.2.2. The treatment in respect of disputed obligations is as under:

a) a provision is recognized in respect of present obligations where the outflow of resources is probable as per 8.1 above.

b) all other cases are disclosed as contingent liabilities unless the possibility of outflow of resources is remote.

8.2.3. A contingent asset is disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

8.2.4. Contingent liabilities/assets are disclosed on the basis of judgment of the management/ independent experts and reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to reflect the current management estimate.

9. REVENUE

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

9.1. Revenue is recognized when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements, because it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.

The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated. In determining the transaction price for the sale of products, the Company considers the effects of variable consideration, the existence of significant financing components, non-cash consideration and consideration payable to the customer (if any).

9.2. Revenue from the sale of petroleum products, petrochemical products, Crude and gas are recognized at a point in time, generally upon delivery of the products

9.3. The Company has assumed that recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account. This is for the reason that it is a liability of the manufacturer which forms part of the cost of production, irrespective of whether the goods are sold or not. Since the recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account, revenue includes excise duty.

However, Sales Tax/ Goods and Services Tax (GST) and Value Added Tax (VAT) is not received by the company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on value added to the product by the seller on behalf

of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

9.4. Variable consideration

The Company provides volume rebates to certain customers once the quantity of products purchased during the period exceeds a threshold specified in the contract. Rebates are offset against amounts payable by the customer. The volume rebates/ cash discount give rise to variable consideration.

Claims (including interest on outstanding claims) are recognized at cost when there is reasonable certainty regarding its ultimate collection. Insurance claims are recognised based on acceptance.

Claims on Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (Formerly known as Oil Coordination Committee) / Government arising on account of erstwhile Administered Pricing Mechanism / notified schemes are booked on acceptance in principle thereof. Such claims and provisions are booked on the basis of available instructions /clarifications subject to final adjustment as per separate audit.

10. Excise Duty

Excise duty is accounted on the basis of both, payments made in respect of goods cleared and provision made for goods lying in stock. Value of stock includes excise duty payable / paid on finished goods, wherever applicable.

11. Taxes on Income

11.1. Current Income Tax

Provision for current tax is made as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to applicable tax regulations which are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

11.2. Deferred Tax

11.2.1. Deferred tax is provided using the Balance Sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying

amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

11.2.2. Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).

12. Employee Benefits

12.1. Short Term Benefits:

Short Term Employee Benefits are accounted for in the statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which the services have been rendered.

12.2. Post-Employment Benefits and Other Long Term Employee Benefits:

a. The Company's contribution to the Provident Fund is remitted to separate trusts established for this purpose based on a fixed percentage of the eligible employee's salary and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss/CWIP. Shortfall, if any, in the fund assets, based on the Government specified minimum rate of return, is made good by the Company and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss/CWIP.

b. The Company operates defined benefit plans for Gratuity, Post-Retirement Medical Benefits. The cost of providing such defined benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method of actuarial valuation made at the end of the year. Out of these plans, Gratuity and PostRetirement Medical Benefits are administered through respective Trusts.

c. Obligations on other long term employee benefits viz leave encashment and Long Service Awards are provided using the projected unit credit method of actuarial valuation made at the end of the year. Out of these obligations, leave encashment obligations are funded through qualifying insurance policies made with insurance companies.

d. The Company also operates a defined contribution scheme for Pension benefits for its employees and the contribution is remitted to a separate Trust/Corporate NPS.

12.3. Remeasurements:

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognized immediately in the Balance Sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which it occurs. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods. Remeasurements in respect of other long-term benefits are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

13. Government Grants

13.1. Grant relating to Assets (Capital Grants)

In case of grants relating to depreciable assets, the cost of the asset is shown at gross value and grant thereon is treated as Deferred income which are recognized as "Other Operating Revenues” usually in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period and in the proportion in which depreciation is charged.

13.2. Grant related to Income (Revenue Grants)

Revenue grants are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes as expenses the related cost for which the grants are intended to compensate.

The Company has treated waiver of duty under EPCG (Export Promotion Capital Goods) Scheme as revenue grant as the condition of meeting the export obligations is a primary condition of availing the grant as per the EPCG Scheme. The above grant is set up by recording the assets at gross value and corresponding grant amount as deferred income. Such grant is recognized recognized in "Other Operating Revenues” in proportion of export obligations actually fulfilled during the accounting period.

Revenue grants are generally recorded under "Other Operating Revenues”, except some grants which are netted off with the related expense.

13.3. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate or NIL interest rate, the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognized and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the

difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities. Classification of the grant is made considering the terms and condition of the grant i.e. whether grants relates to assets or otherwise.

14. Current Versus Non-Current Classification

The company uses twelve months period for determining current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities in the balance sheet.

15. Financial Instruments

15.1. Financial Assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All Financial Assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction cost that are attributable to the acquisition of the Financial Asset. However, trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Subsequent measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, Financial Assets are classified in four categories:

• Financial Assets at amortised cost

• Debt Instruments at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

• Equity Instruments at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

• Financial Assets and derivatives at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

15.1.1. Financial Assets at Amortised Cost

A Financial Asset is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely

payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial Assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or cost that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the profit or loss. Apart from the same, any income or expense arising from remeasurement of financial assets measured at amortised cost, in accordance with Ind AS 109, is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

15.1.2. Debt Instrument at FVTOCI

A 'Debt Instrument' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

b) The asset's contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI).

Debt Instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair Value movements are recognized in the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from the Equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI Debt Instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

15.1.3. Equity Instrument

A. Equity Investments at FVTOCI (Other than Joint Ventures and Associates)

All such equity investments are measured at fair value and the Company has made an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in Other Comprehensive Income.

There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investments.

B. Equity Investments in Joint Ventures and Associates at cost

Investments in Joint Ventures and Associates are accounted for at cost in the financial statements and the same are tested for impairment in case of any indication of impairment.

C. Dividend income is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the Company's right to receive dividend is established.

15.1.4. Debt Instruments and Derivatives at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for Debt Instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortised cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.

This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109.Debt Instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest income on such instruments has been presented under interest income.

15.1.5. Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial Assets that are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balance.

Simplified Approach

The Company follows 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on Trade Receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed. On that basis, the Company estimates provision on trade receivables at the reporting date.

General Approach

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-months ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-months ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-months ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

15.2. Financial Liabilities

15.2.1. Initial recognition and measurement

All Financial Liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of liabilities subsequently measured at amortised cost, they are measured net of directly attributable transaction cost. In case of Financial Liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial liabilities are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Company's Financial Liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

15.2.2.Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

A. Financial Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

B. Financial Liabilities at amortised cost

Financial Liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest method. Gains and losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or cost that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

16. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank overdraft (negative balance in Account) is shown under short term borrowings under Financial Liabilities & Positive balance in that account is shown in Cash & Cash Equivalents.

III. New Standards/ Amendments and other Changes Effective April 1,2024 or Thereafter

Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified new standard vide Notification G.S.R. 492 (E) dated 12.08.2024 in respect of Ind AS 117 - Insurance Contracts and

certain amendments to the existing standard - Ind AS 116 vide Notification G.S.R. 554(E) dated 09.09.2024, which will be applicable from April 1, 2024, as below:

a. Ind AS 116: Leases

A new paragraph, 102A, has been added to Ind AS

116, for right-of-use assets and lease liabilities arising from sale and leaseback transactions involving the treatment of leaseback transactions.

b. Ind AS 117: Insurance Contracts

A new accounting standard, Ind AS 117 - Insurance Contracts, has been introduced to replace Ind AS 104,- Insurance Contracts. Additionally, amendments have been made to Ind AS 101, First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards, Ind AS 103, Business Combinations, Ind AS 105, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, Ind AS 107, Financial Instruments: Disclosures, Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments and Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers to align them with Ind AS

117.

The impact of the above amendments would not be applicable to CPCL, since there are no such transactions involved in CPCL.

IV. New Standards/ Amendments Issued but not yet Effective

Ministry of Corporate Affairs notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards. During the year, no new standard or modifications in existing standards have been notified which will be applicable from April 1, 2025, or thereafter.

Note - 1B : Significant Accounting Judgements, Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of the company's financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. These include recognition and measurement of financial instruments, estimates of useful lives and residual value of Property, Plant and Equipment and intangible assets, valuation of inventories, measurement of recoverable amounts of cash-generating units, estimated quantities of noble metals, measurement of employee benefits, actuarial assumptions, provisions etc.

Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods. The Company continually evaluates these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized prospectively in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

Judgements

In the process of applying the company's accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:

Materiality

Ind AS requires assessment of materiality by the Company for accounting and disclosure of various transactions in the financial statements. Accordingly, the Company assesses materiality limits for various items for accounting and disclosures and follows on a consistent basis. Overall materiality is also assessed based on various financial parameters such as Gross Block of assets, Net Block of Assets, Total Assets, Revenue and Profit Before Tax. The materiality limits are reviewed and approved by the management.

Contingencies

Contingent liabilities may arise from the ordinary course of business in relation to claims against the Company, including legal, contractual, land access and other claims. By their nature, contingencies will be resolved only when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence, and potential quantum, of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgement and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events.

Estimates and Assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Defined benefit plans / Other Long term employee benefits

The cost of the defined benefit plans and other long term employee benefit plans are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. The management considers the interest rates of government securities based on expected settlement period of various plans.

Further details about various employee benefit obligations are given in Note 32.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the discounted cash flow (DCF) model based on level-2 and level-3 inputs. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as price estimates, volume estimates, rate estimates etc. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. Also refer Note-35 for further disclosures of estimates and assumptions.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in

use. The fair value less cost of disposal used to determine the recoverable amounts of the impaired assets are not based on observable market data, rather, management's best estimates.

The value in use calculation is based on a DCF model. The cash flows do not include impact of significant future investments that may enhance the asset's performance of the CGU being tested. The results of impairment test are sensitive to changes in key judgements, such as changes in commodity prices, future changes in alternate use of assets etc, which could result in increase or decrease of the recoverable amounts