2 Summary of material accounting policies
a) Statement of compliance and basis of preparation
The financial statements as at and for the year ended March 31, 2025 have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS”) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 (as amended from time to time), and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the financial statement.
The financial statements have been prepared on the accrual and going concern basis, and the historical cost convention except where the Ind AS requires a different accounting treatment.
The financial statements are approved for issue by the Company's Board of Directors on 29 May 2025.
b) Functional and presentation currency
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is the functional and presentation currency. The financial statements values are rounded to the nearest lakhs (INR 00,000), except when otherwise indicated.
c) Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.
(i) An asset is classified as current when it is:
• Expected to be realized or intended to sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
• Held primarily for the purpose of trading
• Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
• Cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months
after the reporting period
(ii) All other assets are classified as non-current.
(iii) A liability is classified as current when:
• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
(iv) All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
(v) Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
Based on the nature of service, the Company has
ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for all
assets and liabilities.
d) Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, cost directly attributable to bring the assets to its working condition for the intended use and borrowing costs, if capitalization criteria are met. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on existing property, plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of property, plant and equipment are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is de-recognized.
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, as estimated by the Management. Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, prescribes useful life for fixed assets. Further schedule II also allows companies to use higher/ lower useful live and residual value if such useful live and residual values can be technically supported and justification for differences is disclosed in the financial statements. The Management believes that depreciation rate currently used fairly reflects the estimate of the useful lifes and residual value of property plant and equipments.
The Company has estimated the following useful lives to provide depreciation on its property, plant and equipment, as follows:
Leasehold improvements are amortised over the useful life of assets or the primary period of lease, whichever is shorter.
Pro-rata depreciation is provided from / upto the date of purchase / disposal for assets purchased or sold during the year. Assets individually costing INR 5,000 or less are depreciated over a period of one year.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Property, plant and equipment under installation or construction as at balance sheet date are shown as capital work-in-progress and the related advances are shown as other assets.
e) Revenue recognition
"Revenue is recognised on the basis of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods or services to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services.
Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration. Any amounts receivable from the customer are recognised as revenue after the control over the goods sold and services rendered are transferred to the customer.
Variable consideration includes incentives, rebates, discounts etc. which is estimated at contract inception considering the terms of various schemes with customers and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. It is reassessed at end of each reporting period.
Satisfaction of performance obligation
Revenue is recognised when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service (i.e. an asset) to a customer. An asset is transferred
when (or as) the customer obtains control of that asset. For each performance obligation identified, the Company determine at contract inception whether it satisfies the performance obligation over time or satisfies the performance obligation at a point in time.
Where performance obligation is satisfied over time, the Company recognizes revenue over the contract period. Where performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time, Company recognizes revenue when customer obtains control of promised goods and services in the contract.
Rental income
Service revenue includes rental revenue for use of leased premises and related ancillary services. Revenue from leased out premises under an operating lease is recognized on a straight line basis over the non-cancellable period (lease term from revenue), except where there is an uncertainty of ultimate collection. After lease term for revenue where there is no non-cancellable period, rental revenue is recognized as and when services are rendered on a monthly basis as per the contractual terms prescribed under agreement entered with customers.
Revenue from lease income is classified as operating or finance lease as per the lease policy at point (f) below
Other ancillary services
Revenue from other ancillary services mainly includes other value added services. It is recognised as and when the services are rendered in accordance with terms of respective agreements.
f) Leases
Company as a lessee
The Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains a lease, at inception of the contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:
i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset,
ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and
iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for short-term leases (leases with a term of twelve months or less), leases of low value assets and, for contract
where the lessee and lessor has the right to terminate a lease without permission from the other party with no more than an insignificant penalty. The lease expense of such short-term leases, low value assets leases and cancellable leases, are recognised as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
At the commencement date, lease liability is measured at the present value of the lease payments to be paid during non-cancellable period of the contract, discounted using the incremental borrowing rate. The right-of-use assets is initially recognised at the amount of the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease payments made at or before commencement date less any lease incentives received and any initial direct costs.
Subsequently, the right-of-use asset is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. Lease liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability (using effective interest rate method) and reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made. The right-of-use asset and lease liability are also adjusted to reflect any lease modifications or revised in-substance fixed lease payments.
Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets:
The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases (i.e. those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of assets that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Company as a lessor
As a lessor, Leases for which the Company is a lessor are classified as finance or operating leases. Whenever the terms of the lease substantially transfer all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases
Income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with the expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the Standalone Balance Sheet based on their nature. Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Company as a lessor has substantially transferred all the risks and rewards are classified as finance lease. Finance leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding
rent receivables, net of interest income, are included in other financial assets. Each lease receipt is allocated between the asset and interest income. The interest income is recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the asset for each period.
g) Employee benefits expense and retirement
(i) Gratuity liability
The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan (the "Gratuity Plan”) covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee's base salary and the tenure of employment. The liability is determined based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains / losses are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the year in which they occur.
(ii) Compensated absences
The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The employees can carry forward up to the specified portion of the unutilized accumulated compensated absences and utilize it in future periods or receive cash as per the Company policy. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation (using the projected unit credit method) based on the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. The expense on non¬ accumulating compensated absences is recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the absences occur.
The Company presents the liability as current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional legal and contractual right to defer its settlement for twelve months after the reporting date.
(iii) Provident fund
The Company's contribution to provident fund is charged to the statement of profit and loss. The Company's contributions towards provident fund are deposited with the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner under a defined contribution plan, in accordance with Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.
h) Tax expense
Tax expense comprises current and deferred income tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income- tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except when the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor the taxable profit or loss.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized, except when the deferred tax asset arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor the taxable profit or loss.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax assets to be recovered.
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they are related to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
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