KYC is one time exercise with a SEBI registered intermediary while dealing in securities markets (Broker/ DP/ Mutual Fund etc.). | No need to issue cheques by investors while subscribing to IPO. Just write the bank account number and sign in the application form to authorise your bank to make payment in case of allotment. No worries for refund as the money remains in investor's account.   |   Prevent unauthorized transactions in your account – Update your mobile numbers / email ids with your stock brokers. Receive information of your transactions directly from exchange on your mobile / email at the EOD | Filing Complaint on SCORES - QUICK & EASY a) Register on SCORES b) Mandatory details for filing complaints on SCORE - Name, PAN, Email, Address and Mob. no. c) Benefits - speedy redressal & Effective communication   |   BSE Prices delayed by 5 minutes... << Prices as on May 22, 2026 >>  ABB India 6688.85  [ 1.34% ]  ACC 1359.3  [ -0.09% ]  Ambuja Cements 436.35  [ -0.10% ]  Asian Paints 2638.95  [ 1.56% ]  Axis Bank 1285.25  [ 2.52% ]  Bajaj Auto 10546.8  [ -1.15% ]  Bank of Baroda 265  [ 0.74% ]  Bharti Airtel 1871.4  [ -0.73% ]  Bharat Heavy 408.55  [ 0.06% ]  Bharat Petroleum 295.55  [ -0.27% ]  Britannia Industries 5336.9  [ 0.09% ]  Cipla 1398.95  [ -0.19% ]  Coal India 456.45  [ -0.81% ]  Colgate Palm 2157.5  [ -0.32% ]  Dabur India 451.25  [ 1.05% ]  DLF 586.7  [ -0.24% ]  Dr. Reddy's Lab. 1307.1  [ -0.85% ]  GAIL (India) 161.1  [ 3.34% ]  Grasim Industries 3155.75  [ 0.04% ]  HCL Technologies 1163.75  [ -0.39% ]  HDFC Bank 766.4  [ 0.97% ]  Hero MotoCorp 4965.35  [ -0.10% ]  Hindustan Unilever 2202  [ 1.06% ]  Hindalco Industries 1109.6  [ 0.96% ]  ICICI Bank 1264.9  [ 1.77% ]  Indian Hotels Co. 650.45  [ -1.03% ]  IndusInd Bank 910.65  [ 1.22% ]  Infosys 1174.4  [ -0.61% ]  ITC 301.75  [ -2.03% ]  Jindal Steel 1209.85  [ 1.10% ]  Kotak Mahindra Bank 384.2  [ 0.91% ]  L&T 3926.85  [ -0.03% ]  Lupin 2279.5  [ -0.26% ]  Mahi. & Mahi 3082.15  [ -0.58% ]  Maruti Suzuki India 12987.45  [ -0.15% ]  MTNL 29.3  [ 1.49% ]  Nestle India 1423.25  [ 1.23% ]  NIIT 65.92  [ 1.54% ]  NMDC 87.88  [ -0.24% ]  NTPC 388.45  [ -0.13% ]  ONGC 290  [ -1.98% ]  Punj. NationlBak 102.6  [ 0.74% ]  Power Grid Corpn. 294.35  [ -1.75% ]  Reliance Industries 1354.6  [ 0.36% ]  SBI 949.1  [ -0.21% ]  Vedanta 330.05  [ 0.09% ]  Shipping Corpn. 316.4  [ -3.32% ]  Sun Pharmaceutical 1845.2  [ -2.43% ]  Tata Chemicals 749.75  [ -0.83% ]  Tata Consumer 1192.85  [ -0.15% ]  Tata Motors Passenge 363.4  [ 0.57% ]  Tata Steel 209.2  [ 0.31% ]  Tata Power Co. 408.8  [ -0.40% ]  Tata Consult. Serv. 2317.25  [ -0.45% ]  Tech Mahindra 1421.8  [ 0.12% ]  UltraTech Cement 11574.9  [ 0.82% ]  United Spirits 1283.45  [ 0.84% ]  Wipro 203.1  [ 1.65% ]  Zee Entertainment 82.18  [ -1.66% ]  

Company Information

Indian Indices

  • Loading....

Global Indices

  • Loading....

Forex

  • Loading....

HEALTH X PLATFORM LTD.

22 May 2026 | 12:00

Industry >> Finance & Investments

Select Another Company

ISIN No INE019J01013 BSE Code / NSE Code 533259 / HEALTHX Book Value (Rs.) 214.35 Face Value 10.00
Bookclosure 30/09/2024 52Week High 363 EPS 0.00 P/E 0.00
Market Cap. 919.48 Cr. 52Week Low 253 P/BV / Div Yield (%) 1.35 / 0.00 Market Lot 1.00
Security Type Other

ACCOUNTING POLICY

You can view the entire text of Accounting Policy of the company for the latest year.
Year End :2025-03 

1. Corporate Information

Sastasundar Ventures Limited (the "Company" or "SVL") is a public company domiciled in India. Its shares are listed on BSE
Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Company is a Core Investment Company (CIC) and operates
through several subsidiaries. At present, the Company is focusing largely on the business of digital network of healthcare
and portfolio management services.

2.1 Basis of preparation

The financial statements of the Company has been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind
AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and
presentation requirements of Division III of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III).

The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Company's Board of Directors on May 30, 2025.

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except certain financial assets and liabilities which
are measured at Fair Value as required by the relevant Indian Accounting Standards.

The financial statements are presented in INR and all values are rounded to the nearest lakhs (in two decimals), except
when otherwise indicated.

The Company has prepared the financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.

Effective April 01, 2024, the Company has applied the following amendments to existing standards which has been
notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA"):

(i) Ind AS 117 Insurance Contracts

The Ministry of corporate Affairs (MCA) notified the Ind AS 117, Insurance Contracts, vide notification dated August
12, 2024, under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2024, which is effective from
annual reporting periods beginning on or after April 01, 2024.

Ind AS 117 Insurance Contracts is a comprehensive new accounting standard for insurance contracts covering
recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure. Ind AS 117 replaces Ind AS 104 Insurance Contracts.
Ind AS 117 applies to all types of insurance contracts, regardless of the type of entities that issue them as well as to
certain guarantees and financial instruments with discretionary participation features; a few scope exceptions will
apply. Ind AS 117 is based on a general model, supplemented by:

• A specific adaptation for contracts with direct participation features (the variable fee approach)

• A simplified approach (the premium allocation approach) mainly for short-duration contracts

The application of Ind AS 117 had no impact on the Company's financial statements as the Company has not entered
any contracts in the nature of insurance contracts covered under Ind AS 117.

(ii) Amendment to Ind AS 116 Leases - Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback

The MCA notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2024, which amended
Ind AS 116, Leases, with respect to Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback.

The amendment specifies the requirements that a seller-lessee uses in measuring the lease liability arising in a sale
and leaseback transaction, to ensure the seller-lessee does not recognise any amount of the gain or loss that relates
to the right of use it retains.

The amendment is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after April 01, 2024, and must be applied
retrospectively to sale and leaseback transactions entered into after the date of initial application of Ind AS 116.

The amendment does not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

2.2 Material Accounting Policies

a. Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption
that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

> In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

> In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when
pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate
economic benefits by using the asset in its best possible manner or by selling it to another market participant that
would use the asset in its best possible manner.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data
are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of
unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised
within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement as a whole:

> Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

> Level 2—Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement
is directly or indirectly observable

> Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement
is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines
whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest
level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis
of their nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained
above.

b. Revenue Recognition

Interest income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss using the effective interest method in case of
Financial Assets at Amortised Cost.

Dividend income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the right to receive dividend is established
except in case of dividend from Mutual Funds, which are recognized on cash basis.

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the
customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for
those goods or services.

c. Income Taxes

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in Statement of profit or loss except to the extent that
it relates to a business combination or to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any
adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the
best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to
income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

Current tax assets and current-tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the

recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the tax bases and accounting bases of assets and
liabilities at the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which
the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and reduced to the extent that it
is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be
utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent
that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and
assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on either the same taxable entity or different
tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities
will be realised simultaneously.

For items recognised in OCI or equity, deferred / current tax is also recognised in OCI or equity.

d. Property, plant and equipment and depreciation

Property, Plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment
losses, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non¬
refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing
the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and
restoring the site on which it is located.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted
for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the
expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component
accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in statement of profit and
loss.

The Company depreciates the cost of Property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values over
estimated useful lives which are as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except
Plant & Equipment which is lower than those indicated in Schedule II i.e. 5-15 years. The management believes that
these useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted if
appropriate. Based on the technical evaluation, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives as given
above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.

Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a pro-rate basis i.e. from (upto) the date on which asset is ready
for use (disposed of).

e. Intangible assets and amortisation

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible
assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever
there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method
for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in
the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset
are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting
estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss
unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

An intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal (i.e., at the date the recipient obtains control) or when no future
economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising upon derecognition of the asset
(calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the
statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

f. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company's non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date
to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable
amount is estimated.

For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are combined together into cash¬
generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest Group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely
independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an individual asset) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell.
Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU (or the asset).

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount.
Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU
is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying
amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or Group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

In respect of other assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at
each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss
is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is
made only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been
determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

g. Provisions

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that
can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash
flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet
date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the
liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided
for.

h. Employee benefits

Short term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service
is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive
obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be
estimated reliably.

Post-retirement benefits

Post-retirement benefits to employee can either be through Defined Contribution Plan or Defined Benefit Plan.

Defined Contribution Plan

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund and ESI is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no
obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable
to the provident fund scheme and ESI as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution
payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the
deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution
already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized
as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Defined Benefit Plan

The Company operates a defined benefit Obligation plan in India, which requires contributions to be made to a separately
administered fund.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit
method.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets
(excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised in OCI. The Company
determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the
discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net
defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the
period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined
benefit plans are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past
service ('past service cost' or 'past service gain') or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in profit or
loss. The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

i. Financial instruments
Recognition and Initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets
and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the
instrument.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and
loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

Classification and Subsequent measurement

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at amortised cost; Fair value through other comprehensive
income (FVOCI) - equity investment; or FVTPL. Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition,
except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at the amortised cost if it meets both the conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

i) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

ii) the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of
principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present
subsequent changes in the investment's fair value in OCI (designated as FVOCI - equity investment). This election is made
on an investment-by-investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This
includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset
that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates
or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

The subsequent measurement of gains and losses of various categories of financial instruments are as follows:

(i) Financial assets at amortised cost: these assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective
interest method. The amortised cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and
losses and impairment are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in profit or
loss.

(ii) Equity investments at FVOCI: these assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognised as
income in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other
net gains and losses are recognised in OCI and are not reclassified to profit or loss.

(iii) Financial assets at FVTPL: these assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any
interest or dividend income, are recognised in profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it
is classified as held- for- trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities
at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and Losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or
loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest
expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also
recognised in profit or loss.

Derecognition

Financial assets: The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the
financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially
all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or in which the Company neither transfers
nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset. If the
Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet but retains either all or
substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities: The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or
cancelled or expire. The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows
under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is
recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new
financial liability with modified terms is recognised in profit or loss.

Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only
when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them
on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Impairment

The Company recognizes loss allowance using the expected credit losses (ECL) model for the financial assets which are
not fair valued through profit or loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is
measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an
amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition

in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required
to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognised is recognized as an
impairment gain or loss in profit or loss.

j. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an
original maturity of three months or less, that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and subject to an
insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits,
as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash
management.

k. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss attributable to equity holders of the Company (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding
during the period.

Partly paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the extent that they are entitled to participate in
dividends relative to a fully paid equity share during the reporting period. The weighted average number of equity shares
outstanding during the period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split,
and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a
corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity
shareholders of the Company and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted
for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

l. Contingent Liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the
occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present
obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the
obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized
because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence
in the financial statements.

m. Segment Reporting

The Company has identified that its business segments are the primary segments. The Company's operating businesses
are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products/services provided, with each segment
representing a strategic business unit that offers different products/services and serves different markets. The analysis of
geographical segments is based on the areas in which the operating divisions of the company operates.

n. Investments in Subsidiaries and Associates

Investments in equity shares of subsidiaries and associates are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if
any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down
immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries and associates, the difference between
net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.3 Key accounting judgements and estimates

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the
disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that
require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. The effect of change in an accounting
estimate is recognized prospectively by including it in profit or loss (a) In the period of the change if the change affects
only that period; or (b) the period of the change and future periods, if the change affects both.

a. Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based
on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the DCF model.
The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree
of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk,
credit risk and volatility (i.e. market risk). Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value
of financial instruments. See Note 26 and 27 for further disclosures.

b. Retirement and other Employee benefits

The cost of the defined benefit Obligation plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using
actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments
in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to
the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to
changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans,
the management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the
post-employment benefit obligation. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables for India. Those
mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity
increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Further details about Defined benefit obligations are given in Note 23.

c. Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that
have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next
financial year, are described below. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may
change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the company. Such changes are
reflected in the assumptions when they occur.