1. Corporate Information
Sastasundar Ventures Limited (the "Company" or "SVL") is a public company domiciled in India. Its shares are listed on BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Company is a Core Investment Company (CIC) and operates through several subsidiaries. At present, the Company is focusing largely on the business of digital network of healthcare and portfolio management services.
2.1 Basis of preparation
The financial statements of the Company has been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division III of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III).
The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Company's Board of Directors on May 30, 2025.
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except certain financial assets and liabilities which are measured at Fair Value as required by the relevant Indian Accounting Standards.
The financial statements are presented in INR and all values are rounded to the nearest lakhs (in two decimals), except when otherwise indicated.
The Company has prepared the financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.
Effective April 01, 2024, the Company has applied the following amendments to existing standards which has been notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA"):
(i) Ind AS 117 Insurance Contracts
The Ministry of corporate Affairs (MCA) notified the Ind AS 117, Insurance Contracts, vide notification dated August 12, 2024, under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2024, which is effective from annual reporting periods beginning on or after April 01, 2024.
Ind AS 117 Insurance Contracts is a comprehensive new accounting standard for insurance contracts covering recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure. Ind AS 117 replaces Ind AS 104 Insurance Contracts. Ind AS 117 applies to all types of insurance contracts, regardless of the type of entities that issue them as well as to certain guarantees and financial instruments with discretionary participation features; a few scope exceptions will apply. Ind AS 117 is based on a general model, supplemented by:
• A specific adaptation for contracts with direct participation features (the variable fee approach)
• A simplified approach (the premium allocation approach) mainly for short-duration contracts
The application of Ind AS 117 had no impact on the Company's financial statements as the Company has not entered any contracts in the nature of insurance contracts covered under Ind AS 117.
(ii) Amendment to Ind AS 116 Leases - Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback
The MCA notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2024, which amended Ind AS 116, Leases, with respect to Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback.
The amendment specifies the requirements that a seller-lessee uses in measuring the lease liability arising in a sale and leaseback transaction, to ensure the seller-lessee does not recognise any amount of the gain or loss that relates to the right of use it retains.
The amendment is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after April 01, 2024, and must be applied retrospectively to sale and leaseback transactions entered into after the date of initial application of Ind AS 116.
The amendment does not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.
2.2 Material Accounting Policies
a. Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
> In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
> In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its best possible manner or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its best possible manner.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
> Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
> Level 2—Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
> Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of their nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
b. Revenue Recognition
Interest income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss using the effective interest method in case of Financial Assets at Amortised Cost.
Dividend income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the right to receive dividend is established except in case of dividend from Mutual Funds, which are recognized on cash basis.
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
c. Income Taxes
Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in Statement of profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.
Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
Current tax assets and current-tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the
recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the tax bases and accounting bases of assets and liabilities at the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on either the same taxable entity or different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.
For items recognised in OCI or equity, deferred / current tax is also recognised in OCI or equity.
d. Property, plant and equipment and depreciation
Property, Plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non¬ refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.
If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced.
Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in statement of profit and loss.
The Company depreciates the cost of Property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values over estimated useful lives which are as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except Plant & Equipment which is lower than those indicated in Schedule II i.e. 5-15 years. The management believes that these useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted if appropriate. Based on the technical evaluation, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.
Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a pro-rate basis i.e. from (upto) the date on which asset is ready for use (disposed of).
e. Intangible assets and amortisation
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.
An intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal (i.e., at the date the recipient obtains control) or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising upon derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
f. Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company's non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated.
For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are combined together into cash¬ generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest Group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.
The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an individual asset) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU (or the asset).
An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or Group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.
In respect of other assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
g. Provisions
A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided for.
h. Employee benefits
Short term employee benefits
Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.
Post-retirement benefits
Post-retirement benefits to employee can either be through Defined Contribution Plan or Defined Benefit Plan.
Defined Contribution Plan
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund and ESI is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme and ESI as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
Defined Benefit Plan
The Company operates a defined benefit Obligation plan in India, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund.
The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method.
Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised in OCI. The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service ('past service cost' or 'past service gain') or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.
i. Financial instruments Recognition and Initial measurement
Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.
Classification and Subsequent measurement
On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at amortised cost; Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) - equity investment; or FVTPL. Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.
A financial asset is measured at the amortised cost if it meets both the conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:
i) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
ii) the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment's fair value in OCI (designated as FVOCI - equity investment). This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.
All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.
The subsequent measurement of gains and losses of various categories of financial instruments are as follows:
(i) Financial assets at amortised cost: these assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The amortised cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in profit or loss.
(ii) Equity investments at FVOCI: these assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognised as income in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognised in OCI and are not reclassified to profit or loss.
(iii) Financial assets at FVTPL: these assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for- trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and Losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss.
Derecognition
Financial assets: The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset. If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.
Financial liabilities: The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire. The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in profit or loss.
Offsetting
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Impairment
The Company recognizes loss allowance using the expected credit losses (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition
in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognised is recognized as an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss.
j. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.
k. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss attributable to equity holders of the Company (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
Partly paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the extent that they are entitled to participate in dividends relative to a fully paid equity share during the reporting period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders of the Company and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
l. Contingent Liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
m. Segment Reporting
The Company has identified that its business segments are the primary segments. The Company's operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products/services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products/services and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which the operating divisions of the company operates.
n. Investments in Subsidiaries and Associates
Investments in equity shares of subsidiaries and associates are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries and associates, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
2.3 Key accounting judgements and estimates
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. The effect of change in an accounting estimate is recognized prospectively by including it in profit or loss (a) In the period of the change if the change affects only that period; or (b) the period of the change and future periods, if the change affects both.
a. Fair value measurement of financial instruments
When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the DCF model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility (i.e. market risk). Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. See Note 26 and 27 for further disclosures.
b. Retirement and other Employee benefits
The cost of the defined benefit Obligation plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables for India. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.
Further details about Defined benefit obligations are given in Note 23.
c. Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
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