1.3 Material Accounting Policies:
1.3.1 Basis of Preparation and Presentation
The Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value amount:
(a) Certain Financial Assets and Liabilities (including derivative instruments), and
(b) Defined Benefit Assets/ Liability - fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligations,
The Company's Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is also its functional currency and all values are rounded to the nearest Lakhs, except when otherwise indicated.
1.3.2 Fair Value Measurement
Some of the Company's accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.
The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a financial reporting team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values.
The financial reporting team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the financial reporting team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.
Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3: Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.
The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.
1.3.3 Current and Non-Current Classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on Current / Non-Current classification.
An asset is treated as Current when it is -
- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
1.3.4 Property, Plant and Equipment (a) Tangible Assets
Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost, net of recoverable taxes, trade discount and rebates less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes purchase price, borrowing cost and any cost directly attributable to bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use, net charges on foreign exchange contracts and adjustments arising from exchange rate variations attributable to the assets. In case of land, fair value has been considered as deemed cost on transition to Ind AS.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost can be measured reliably.
Property, Plant and Equipment which are significant to the total cost of that item of Property, Plant and Equipment and having different useful life are accounted separately.
Other Indirect Expenses incurred relating to project, net of income earned during the project development stage prior to its intended use, are considered as pre-operative expenses and disclosed under Capital Work-in-Progress.
Depreciation
Free hold land is not depreciated. Leasehold land and the improvement costs are amortized over the period of the lease. Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment is provided using Straight Line Method (SLM). Depreciation is provided based on useful life of the assets as prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 as per details given below:
Wherever considered necessary, the useful life has been assessed by the management based on technical evaluation, taking into account the nature of the asset and the estimated usage basis management's best judgement of economic benefits from those classes of assets.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Derecognition
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of a Property, Plant and Equipment are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
(b) Capital Work-in-Progress and Capital Advances
Cost of Property, Plant and Equipment not ready for intended use, as on the balance sheet date, is shown as a "Capital Work-in-Progress". The Capital Work-in-Progress is stated at cost. Any expenditure in relation to survey and investigation of the properties is carried as Capital Work-inProgress. Such expenditure is either capitalized as cost of the projects on completion of construction project or the same is expensed in the period in which it is decided to abandon such project. Any advance given towards acquisition of Property, Plants and Equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date is disclosed as "Other Non-Current Assets".
(c) Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition net of recoverable taxes, trade discount and rebates less accumulated amortization / depletion and impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes purchase price, borrowing costs, and any cost directly attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use, net charges on foreign exchange contracts and adjustments arising from exchange rate variations attributable to the Intangible Assets.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost can be measured reliably.
Amortization
The amortization expenses on Intangible assets with the finite lives are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Company's intangible assets comprises assets with finite useful life which are amortised on a straight-line basis over the period of their expected useful life as tabulated below:
The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with finite useful life is reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Derecognition
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an Intangible Asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
1.3.5 Impairment of Non-Financial Assets - Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that any Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets or group of Assets, called Cash Generating Units (CGU) may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is estimated to determine the extent of impairment, if any. When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the CGU to which the asset belongs.
An impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent, asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is higher of an asset's fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risk specific to the assets.
The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.
1.3.6 Lease
(a) The Company as a Lessee
The Company, as a lessee, recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for its leasing arrangements, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset.
The contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, if it involves the use of an identified asset and the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset and has right to direct the use of the identified asset. The cost of the right-of- use asset shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date plus any initial direct costs incurred. The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use assets are depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset.
The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate.
(b) The Company as a Lessor
Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
For operating leases, rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease.
1.3.7 Investment Properties
Items of investment properties are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation/ amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for its intended use. Investment properties are depreciated on straight line method on pro-rata basis at the rates specified therein. Subsequent expenditure including cost of major overhaul and inspection is recognized as an increase in the carrying amount of the asset when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
1.3.8 Inventories
Items of inventories are measured at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence, if any, except in case of by-products which are valued at net realisable value. Cost of inventories comprises of cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs including manufacturing overheads net of recoverable taxes incurred in bringing them to their respective present location and condition.
Cost of finished goods, work-in-progress, raw materials, chemicals, stores and spares, components, consumables, packing materials, trading and other products are determined on First In First Out (FIFO) / average / weighted average basis.
Net realizable value is estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and the estimated cost necessary to make the sale.
1.3.9 Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs include exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost. Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.
Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.
All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period for which they are incurred.
1.3.10 Employee Benefits
(A) Short-Term Employee Benefits
The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised as an expense during the period when the employees render the services.
(i) Defined Contribution Plans
The Company recognises contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
(ii) Defined Benefit Plans
Gratuity Scheme: The gratuity is paid @ 15 days basic salary for every completed year of service as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. The liability in respect of gratuity and other post-employment benefits is provided on the basis of its actuarial valuation based on the Projected Unit Credit Method and spread over the period during which the benefit is expected to be derived from employees' services.
Remeasurement gains and losses arising from adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur in Other Comprehensive Income.
(iii) Other Long - Term Employee Benefits
Entitlement to annual leave is recognized when they accrue to employees. The obligation is
measured on the basis of independent actuarial valuation.
1.3.11 Revenue & Income Recognition
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
The Company is generally the principal as it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.
Generally, control is transferred upon shipment of goods to the customer or when the goods is made available to the customer, provided transfer of title to the customer occurs and the Company has not retained any significant risks of ownership or future obligations with respect to the goods shipped. Revenue from rendering of services is recognised over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of performance obligations at the reporting period.
Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring distinct goods or services to a customer as specified in the contract, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example taxes and duties collected on behalf of the government). Consideration is generally due upon satisfaction of performance obligations and a receivable is recognised when it becomes unconditional.
Gain/ loss on contracts settlements of raw materials purchases with suppliers are accounted in the statement of profit and loss.
Export Incentives
Export incentive revenues are recognized when the right to receive the credit is established and there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection.
Interest Income
Interest Income from a Financial Assets is recognised using effective interest rate method.
Dividend Income
Dividend Income is recognised when the Company's right to receive the amount has been established.
Surplus / (Loss) on disposal of Property, Plants and Equipment / Investments
Surplus or loss on disposal of property, plants and equipment or investment is recorded on transfers of title from the Company, and is determined as the difference between the sales price and carrying value of the property, plants and equipment or investments and other incidental expenses.
Rental Income
Rental income arising from operating lease on investments properties is accounted for on a straight - line basis over the lease term except the case where the incremental lease reflects inflationary effect and rental income is accounted in such case by actual rent for the period.
Insurance Claim
Claim receivable on account of insurance is accounted for to the extent the Company is reasonably certain of their ultimate collections.
Other Income
Revenue from other income is recognized when the payment of that related income is received or credited.
1.3.12 Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency closing rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent of exchange differences which are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on foreign currency borrowings that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets which are capitalised as cost of assets.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are recorded using the exchange rates at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was measured. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or Statement of Profit and Loss are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or Statement of Profit and Loss, respectively).
1.3.13 Government Grants and Subsidies
Grants in the nature of subsidies which are non-refundable are recognized as income where there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with all the necessary conditions attached to them. Income from grants is recognized on a systematic basis over periods in which the related costs that are intended to be compensated by such grants are recognized.
Refundable government grants are accounted in accordance with the recognition and measurement principle of Ind AS 109, "Financial Instruments". It is recognized as income when there is a reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with all necessary conditions attached to the grants. Income from such benefit is recognized on a systematic basis over the period of the grants during which the Company recognizes interest expense corresponding to such grants.
(A) Initial Recognition and Measurement
All Financial Assets are initially recognised at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of Financial Assets, which are not at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss, are adjusted to the fair value on initial recognition. Purchase and sale of Financial Assets are recognised using trade date accounting.
(B) Subsequent Measurement
a) Financial Assets measured at Amortised Cost (AC)
A Financial Asset is measured at Amortised Cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the Financial Asset give rise to cash flows on specified dates that represent solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
b) Financial Assets measured at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)
A Financial Asset is measured at FVTOCI if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling Financial Assets and the contractual terms of the Financial Asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that represents solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Further, the Company, through an irrevocable election at initial recognition, measures certain investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. These equity instruments are neither held for trading nor are contingent consideration recognized under a business combination. Pursuant to such irrevocable election, subsequent changes in the fair value of such equity instruments are recognized in OCI. However, the Company recognizes dividend income from such instruments in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
c) Financial Assets measured at Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
A Financial Asset which is not classified in any of the above categories is measured at FVTPL. Financial assets are reclassified subsequent to their recognition, if the Company changes its business model for managing those financial assets. Changes in business model are made and applied prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of immediately next reporting period following the changes in business model in accordance with principles laid down under Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments.
(C) Investments
Investments are classified in to Current or Non-Current Investments. Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year from the date of acquisition are classified as Current Investments. All other Investments are classified as NonCurrent Investments. However, that part of Non-Current Investments which are expected to be realized within twelve months from the Balance Sheet date is also presented under "Current Investments" under "Current portion of Non-Current Investments" in consonance with Current/ Non-Current classification of Schedule - III of the Act.
All the equity investment which covered under the scope of Ind AS 109, "Financial Instruments" is measured at the fair value. Investment in Mutual Fund is measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL). Trading Instruments are measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL).
(D) Investment in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures
The Company accounts for its investments in Subsidiaries, associates and joint venture at cost less impairment loss (if any).
(E) Impairment of Financial Assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company uses 'Expected Credit Loss' (ECL) model, for evaluating impairment of Financial Assets other than those measured at Fair Value Through Profit and Loss (FVTPL).
1.3.15 Financial Instruments - Financial Liabilities
(A) Initial Recognition and Measurement
All Financial Liabilities are recognised at fair value and in case of borrowings, net of directly attributable cost. Fees of recurring nature are directly recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as finance cost.
(B) Subsequent Measurement
Financial Liabilities are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
1.3.16 Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting
The Company enters into derivative contracts in the nature of forward currency contracts with external parties to hedge its foreign currency risks relating to foreign currency denominated financial assets measured at amortised cost.
The Company formally establishes a hedge relationship between such forward currency contracts ('hedging instrument1) and recognised financial assets ('hedged item1) through a formal documentation at the inception of the hedge relationship in line with the Company's Risk Management objective and strategy.
The hedge relationship so designated is accounted for in accordance with the accounting principles prescribed for a cash flow hedge under Ind AS 109, 'Financial Instruments'.
Recognition and measurement of cash flow hedge:
The Company strictly uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to certain forecasted transactions. As per Ind AS 109 -Financial Instruments, foreign currency forward contracts are initially measured at fair value and are re-measured at subsequent reporting dates. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives that are designated and effective as hedges of future cash flows are recognised in hedge reserve (under reserves and surplus) through other comprehensive income and the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.
The accumulated gains / losses on the derivatives accounted in hedge reserve are transferred to the statement of profit and loss in the same period in which gains / losses on the underlying item hedged are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition:
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. When hedge accounting is discontinued for a cash flow hedge, the net gain or loss will remain in hedge reserve and be reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in the same period or periods during which the formerly hedged transaction is reported in the statement of profit and loss. If a hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, the net cumulative gains / losses recognised in hedge reserve is transferred to the statement of profit and loss.
Fair Value Hedge:
The Company designates derivative contracts or non-derivative Financial Assets/Liabilities as hedging instruments to mitigate the risk of change in fair value of hedged item due to movement in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices.
Changes in the fair value of hedging instruments and hedged items that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging relationship no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedged item for which the effective interest method is used is amortised to Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of maturity.
1.3.17 Derecognition of Financial Instruments
The Company derecognises a Financial Asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the Financial Asset expire or it transfers the Financial Asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109. A Financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognised from the Company's Balance Sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.
1.3.18 Financial Instruments - Offsetting
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off the amount and it intends, either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
1.3.19 Taxes on Income
The tax expenses for the period comprises of current tax and deferred income tax. Tax is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income. In which case, the tax is also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income.
(a) Current Tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the Income Tax authorities, based on tax rates and laws that are enacted at the Balance sheet date.
(b) Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax losses can be utilised. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The carrying amount of Deferred tax liabilities and assets are reviewed at the end of each reporting period.
Presentation:
The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. In case of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, the same are offset if the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off corresponding current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the Company.
1.3.20 Segment Reporting
Segments are identified having regard to the dominant source and nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management structure. The Company has considered Business Segments as Primary Segments.
Segments Accounting Policies
The Company prepares its Segment Information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.
Inter - Segment Transfer
The Company generally accounts the Inter - Segment transfers at an agreed value of the transactions.
Allocation of Common Costs
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment reporting according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total of common costs.
Unallocated Items
Unallocated Items include the General Corporate Income and Expense items which are not allocated to any of the Business Segments.
1.3.21 Research and Development
Revenue expenditure pertaining to research is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.
Development costs are capitalised as an intangible asset if it can be demonstrated that the project is expected to generate future economic benefits, it is probable that those future economic benefits will flow to the entity and the costs of the asset can be measured reliably, else it is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
1.3.22 Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year adjusted for bonus element in equity share. Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in determination of basic earnings per share to take into account the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as at the beginning of the period unless issued at a later date.
|