2.1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statementsi) Statement of Compliance
The Standalone Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting
Standards (IND AS) as notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs under sections 133 of the Companies
Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies
(Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 and relevant provisions of the Companies Act,
2013 and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS
compliant Schedule III).
The Financial Statements comply with IND AS notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA"). The
Company has consistently applied the accounting policies used in the preparation for all periods
presented.
Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard
is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting
policy hitherto in use. The material accounting policies information used in preparation of audited
standalone financial statements have been discussed in the respective notes.
The audited financial statements as at year ended March 31st, 2026 were approved by the Board of
Directors at their meeting held on May 21st, 2026.
ii) Functional Presentation
The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee ('INR') which is also the Company's
functional currency, and all values are rounded to the nearest lakhs, except when otherwise indicated.
Wherever the amount represented '0' (zero) construes value less than Rupees five thousand.
iii) Basis of Accounting and Measurement
The Company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the historical cost convention, except
for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values in accordance with Ind AS. Fair value
is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. Further, the guidance notes/announcements
issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) are also considered, wherever applicable
to the extent where compliance with other statutory promulgations override the same requiring a
different treatment.
iv) Current and Non-Current Classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current / non-current
classification.
An asset is treated as current when:
a) It is expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;
b) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
c) It is expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period; or
d) It is cash and cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for
at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other assets as non-current.
A liability is current when:
a) It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;
b) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
c) It is due to be settled within twelve months after reporting period; or
d) There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after
the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities respectively.
Operating Cycle
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization
in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle for the
purpose of current-non-current classification of assets and liabilities.
v) Measurement of Fair Values
A number of the accounting policies and disclosures require measurement of fair values, for both
financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.
Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the
valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability,
either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable
inputs).
The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values.
This includes a finance team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value
measurements, including Level 3 fair values.
When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far
as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels
of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same
level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.
The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting
period during which the change has occurred.
vi) Use of Estimates and Judgements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make
judgments, estimates and assumptions, that affect the application of accounting policies and the
reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses at the date of these financial statements
and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the years presented. Actual results may differ
from these estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed at each balance sheet date. Revisions to accounting
estimates are recognized in the year in which the estimate is revised and future years affected.
Key sources of estimation uncertainty at the date of financial statements, which may cause a material
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, is in respect
of useful lives of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, provision for product warranties, fair
value of financial assets/liabilities and impairment of investments.
The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the
carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below:
a) Useful lives of Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets
Determination of the estimated useful lives of items of PPE and the assessment as to which
components of the cost may be capitalized. Useful lives of items of PPE are based on the life
prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. In cases, where the useful lives are different
from that prescribed in Schedule II, they are based on technical advice, taking into account the nature
of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history
of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers' warranties and maintenance
support.
b) Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities and Investments
The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities on fair value basis at each balance
sheet date or at the time they are assessed for impairment. Fair value measurement that are based
on significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) requires estimates of operating margin, discount
rate, future growth rate, terminal values, etc. based on management's best estimate about future
developments.
c) Defined Benefits and Other Long-Term Benefits
The cost of the defined benefit plans such as gratuity and leave encashment are determined using
actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ
from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future
salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long¬
term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All
assumptions are reviewed at the end of each year.
The principal assumptions are the discount and salary growth rate. The discount rate is based upon
the market yields available on government bonds at the accounting date with a term that matches
that of liabilities. Salary increases rate takes into account inflation, seniority, promotion and other
relevant factors on long-term basis.
d) Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets
A deferred tax asset is recognised for all the deductible temporary differences to the extent that it
is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference
can be utilized.
e) Recognition and Measurement of Other Provisions
The recognition and measurement of other provisions are based on the assessment of the probability
of an outflow of resources, and on past experience and circumstances known at the balance sheet
date. The actual outflow of resources at a future date may therefore vary from the figure included
in other provisions.
f) Revenue Recognition
• Revenue is recognized to the extent that it can be reliably measured and is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company.
• Sale of Goods
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership
of the goods are transferred to the customer and is stated net of sales returns and sales tax but
including export benefits accruing on export sales.
Revenue is also recognised for goods sold but not dispatched, where the property in such goods
is transferred from the seller to the buyers and where dispatches could not be made on account
of practical difficulties at the buyers' end.
• Interest
Interest is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount of underlying
outstanding and the rate applicable.
• Dividends
Dividend from investments is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account when the right to receive
payment is established.
• Export Benefits
Export benefits and other benefits are accounted for on accrual basis.
g) Provision for Product Warranties
The Company recognises provision for warranties in respect of the products that it sells. Provisions
are discounted, where necessary, to its present value based on the best estimate required to settle
the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted
to reflect the current best estimates.
h) LeasesAs a Lessee
The Company accounts for assets taken under lease arrangement in the following manner:
The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date.
The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the present value of the lease
liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial
direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to
restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentive received.
The right-of-use asset is included within the same line item as that within which the corresponding
underlying asset would be presented if they were owned. The right-of-use asset is disclosed under
the Leasehold Land in the balance sheet. The right of use asset is subsequently depreciated using
the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of committed lease term. The
estimated useful lives of right-of-use are determined as lease term. In addition, the right-of-use
asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements
of the lease liability.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid
at the commencement date, discounted using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. Lease
payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the fixed payments, including
in substance fixed payments. The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective
interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a
change in an index or rate, if there is a change in Company's estimate of the amount expected to be
payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it
will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option.
When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the
carrying amount of the right-of-use asset or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of
the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.
Short-Term Leases and Leases of Low-Value Assets
The Company has elected not to recognise right-of use assets and lease liabilities for short term
leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low value assets. The Company
recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight- line basis
over the lease term.
i) Income Tax
Current Tax
Income tax expense for the period is the tax payable on the current period's taxable income based
on the applicable income tax rate and changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable
to temporary differences. The current income tax charge is calculated in accordance with the
provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is the effect of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income that
originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred
tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the
balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date and recognized /
derecognized only to the extent that there is reasonable / virtual certainty, depending on the nature
of the timing differences, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realized.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is
convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In
the period in which MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in accordance with
the recommendations contained in guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Statement of profit and loss and shown
as MAT credit entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes
down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent it is not reasonably certain that
the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period.
Current and Deferred Tax for the Year
Current and Deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to
items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the
current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity
respectively.
2.3 Borrowing Costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the
arrangement of borrowings.
Borrowing cost which are not relatable to the qualifying asset are recognized as an expense in the period
in which they are incurred. Borrowing cost on specific loans, used on acquisition or construction of
fixed assets, which necessarily take a substantial period of time to be ready for their intended use, are
capitalised. Other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
2.4 Property, Plant and Equipmenti) Recognition and Measurement
Property, Plant and Equipment is recognized when it is probable that future economic benefits associated
with the item will flow to the Company and the cost can be measured reliably.
Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalized eligible
borrowing costs, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import
duties and other non-refundable taxes or levies, freight, any directly attributable cost of bringing the
asset to its working condition for its intended use and estimated cost of dismantling and restoring
onsite; any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as
appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to
the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is de-recognized when
replaced.
All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the reporting period in which they
are incurred.
Advances, if any, paid towards acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each Balance
Sheet date are shown under other non-current assets.
Cost of assets, if any, not ready for intended use before the year end, are shown as capital work-in¬
progress.
In respect of the leasehold land, the unearned increase that belongs to the lessee and is not attributable to
the lessor is recognized as an asset. As this right does not reduce over the lease period, no amortization
is charged on the same.
ii) Subsequent Expenditure
Subsequent expenditure is recognized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated
with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
in) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided on straight line basis on the original cost / acquisition cost of assets or other
amounts substituted for cost of property, plant and equipment as per the useful life specified in Part
'C' of Schedule II of the Act, read with notification dated August 29th, 2014 of the Ministry of Corporate
Affairs, except for certain classes of property, plant and equipment which are depreciated based on the
internal technical assessment of the management.
v) De-Recognition
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is de-recognized
upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain
or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal
proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Standalone Statement of Profit and
Loss when the asset is de-recognized.
vi) Leasehold as shown under Property, Plant & Equipment comprises of lands situated at Export Promotion
Industrial Park, Phase-II, Baddi where in current manufacturing facilities of company are in operations
and land situated near Bhud Barrier Baddi which will be used for setting up of anchor unit for setting up
of new crane plant.
Leasehold land allotted by Industrial Area Development Agency at Baddi, Himachal Pradesh is amortized
only on the cost of lease paid by Company on Straight Line Basis.
In addition to above the company has been allotted an additional parcel of land measuring 30 acers by
government of Himachal Pradesh. It is situated at Kirpalpur, Nalagarh and will be used for development
of Auto Park for manufacture of auto components.
2.5 Capital Work-in-Progress
Cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for use as at the reporting date are disclosed as capital
work-in-progress. Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any.
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted
if appropriate.
Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of
useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these
assets.
Depreciation on additions / (disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e., from / (upto) the date on
which asset is ready to use / (disposed off).
Depreciation on leasehold land is provided over the lease period and only on leasehold cost paid by the
Company. Any unearned increase not attributable to lessor when the asset is sold is valued at fair value
and no amortization is provided on the same.
iv) Capital Advances
Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment, outstanding at each balance
sheet date is classified as capital advances under “other non-current assets".
2.6 Other Intangible Assets
i) Recognition and Measurement
Intangible assets that are acquired are recognized only if it is probable that the expected future
economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the Company and the cost of assets can
be measured reliably. The intangible assets are recorded at cost of acquisition including incidental costs
related to acquisition and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if
any.
Internally generated goodwill is not recognized as an asset. With regard to other intangible assets:
• Technical Know-How
The expenditure incurred is amortised over the estimated period of benefit, commencing with the
year of purchase of the technology.
• Development Expenditure
Development expenditure including regulatory cost and legal expenses leading to product registration
/ market authorisation relating to the new and/or improved product and/or process development is
capitalised only if development costs can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically
and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and
has sufficient resources to complete development and to use the asset. The expenditure capitalized
includes the cost of materials, direct labour, overhead costs that are directly attributable to preparing
the asset for its intended use, and directly attributable finance costs (in the same manner as in
the case of property, plant and equipment). Other development expenditure is recognised in the
Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
• Software Expenditure
The amount spent on acquisition of software is amortized over the estimated economic life of the
asset from the year in which expenditure is incurred.
• Others
The amount incurred in acquisition is amortized over the estimated period of benefit.
Intangible assets that are acquired (including goodwill recognized for business combinations)
are measured initially at cost. After initial recognition, an intangible asset is carried at its cost less
accumulated amortization (for finite lives intangible assets) and any accumulated impairment loss.
Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits from the
specific asset to which it relates.
ii) Subsequent Expenditure
Subsequent costs are capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in
the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure on intangible assets is recognized in the
Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss, as incurred.
iii) Amortisation
Amortization is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated residual values
using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives and is generally recognized in depreciation
and amortization expense in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
Amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted
if appropriate.
iv) De-Recognition
An item of intangible assets is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are
expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as
the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in
the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.
v) Nature of Intangible Assets
The Company's intangible assets primarily comprise product development costs incurred for the
development of new tractor models, the development of next-generation cranes with enhanced
capacity, and modifications undertaken to ensure compliance with the latest emission norms.
2.7 Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization and are
tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that
they might be impaired. The Company's non-financial assets other than inventories and deferred tax
assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If
any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated.
For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows (i.e. corporate assets) are
accompanied together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of
assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or
CGUs.
The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value
in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a discount rate
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU.
An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated
recoverable amount. Impairment loss recognized in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the
carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amount of the
other assets of the CGU (or Company of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.
An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not subsequently reversed. In respect of other assets for
which impairment loss has been recognized in prior periods, the Company reviews at reporting date
whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is
reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a
reversal is made only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount
that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been
recognized.
2.8 Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value except scrap, which is valued at net
estimated realisable value.
The Company uses FIFO method to determine cost for all categories of inventories except for goods
in transit which is valued at specifically identified purchase cost and other direct costs incurred. Cost
includes all costs of purchase, and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location
and condition inclusive of non-refundable (adjustable) taxes wherever applicable.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs
necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item
basis.
The Company accounts for its equity investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures at cost
less accumulated impairment, if any.
Investment in Subsidiaries
The carrying amount of investment in subsidiaries held at cost less impairment, if any. These investments
are associated with significant risks in respect of valuation. Changes in business environment could have
a significant impact on the valuation. The investments are carried at cost less any impairment in value of
such investments. These investments are unquoted and hence it is difficult to measure the recoverable
amount. The Company perform annual assessment of impairment to identify any indicators of impairment
which are derived from forecasted cash flows which require management to make significant estimated
assumptions related to future revenue growth, concession period, operation cost, discount rate and the
assessment of the status of the project and cost to complete balance work.
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