Note-1 -Overview1. CORPORATE INFORMATION

IRIS Clothings Limited is a limited company incorporated under the provision of the Companies Act, 1956 and domiciled in India. The registered office of the company is at 103/24/1, Foreshore Road Shibpur Howrah-711102 West-Bengal India. The Company is engaged in manufacturing and trading of Readymade Garments and allied products

Its shares are listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) Main Platform, India.

The financial statements were approved and adopted by the board of directors of the Company in their meeting held on May 13, 2024.

2. Statement of Compliance

These financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended from time to time as notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act”), the guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), as applicable. In addition, the guidance notes/ announcements issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) are also applied along with compliance with other statutory promulgations require a different treatment.

3. Basis of Preparation of financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments and defined benefit plans which are measured at fair value or amortised cost at the end of each reporting period. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle. Based on the nature of supply of goods/services rendered to customers and time elapsed between deployment of resources and the realisation in cash and cash equivalents of the consideration for such

services rendered, the Company has considered an operating cycle of 12 months.

The statement of cash flows has been prepared under indirect method, whereby profit or loss is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and items of income or expense associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated. The Company considers all highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value to be cash equivalents.

These financial statements have been prepared Company. Foreign currency transactions are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are retranslated at the exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet dates and exchange gains and losses arising on settlement and restatement are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in foreign currencies are not retranslated.

Fair value measurements under Ind AS are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company can access at reporting date.

Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the valuation of assets or liabilities.

The cost of unquoted investments included in Level 3 of fair value hierarchy approximate their fair value because there is a wide range of possible fair value

measurements and the cost represents estimate of fair value within that range.

4. Presentation of Financial Statements

The Balance Sheet and the Statement of Profit and Loss are prepared and presented in the format prescribed in the Division II to Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act”) applicable for the Companies preparing and presenting their financial statements as per Ind AS. The Statement of Cash Flows has prepared and presented as per the requirements of Ind AS 7 "Statement of Cash Flows”. The disclosure requirements with respect to items in the Balance Sheet and Statement of Profit and Loss, as prescribed in the Schedule III to the Act, are presented by way of notes forming part of the financial statements along with the other notes required to be disclosed under the notified accounting Standards and the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015.

Amounts in the financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) and per share data are presented in Indian Rupee to two decimal places.

5. Use of Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statement and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Application of accounting policies that require critical accounting estimates involving complex and subjective judgments and the use of assumptions in these financial statements have been disclosed. Accounting estimates can change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those judgments. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management become aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which the changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. The Company uses the following critical accounting Judgments, estimate and assumptions in preparation for its financial statements:

In the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies, management has made the following key estimates, assumptions, and judgments, which have significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statement:

(a) Income taxes

Management judgment is required for the calculation of provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities. The factors used in estimates may differ from actual outcome which could lead to significant adjustment to the amounts reported in the financial statements.

(b) Contingencies

Management judgment is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/claim/litigations against the Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.

(c) Defined Benefit Plans

The cost of the employment benefits such as gratuity and leave obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its longterm nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables for the specific countries. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Further details about gratuity obligations are given in Note 35.

(d) Insurance Claims

Insurance and other claims raised by the Company are accounted for when received owing to uncertainties involved.

(e) Useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

The Company reviews the useful lives and carrying amount of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets at the end of each reporting period. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation and amortisation expense in future periods.

(f) Leases

The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Assessing whether a contract contains a lease requires significant judgement. Significant judgement is also required in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate.

The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. In assessing whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive for the Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise the option to terminate the lease. The Company revises the lease term if there is a change in the non-cancellable period of a lease.

The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.

6. Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification.

(A) An asset treated as current when it is:

(i) Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

(ii) Held primarily for the purpose of trading

(iii) Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or

(iv) Cash or Cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

(B) A liability is current when:

(i) It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

(iii) I t is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period,or

(iv) There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

7. Reclassification of financial assets andliabilities

The company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no classification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financials assets which are debt instruments; a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The company’s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the company’s operations. Such changes are evident to the external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If

the company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period. Following the changes in business model, the company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

8. Summary of Material Accounting Policies Information

a) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable as reduced for estimated customer credits and other similar allowances.

i) Sales of goods

The Company recognises revenue from sale of goods when the goods are delivered, and titles have been passed at which time all the following conditions are satisfied:

a) the Company has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;

b) the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;

c) the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;

d) it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company; and

e) the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

ii) Export Incentives

Revenue in respect of the export incentives is recognized when no significant uncertainty exists with regard to the amount to be realized and the ultimate collection thereof.

iii) Insurance and Other Claims

Revenue in respect of claims is recognized when no significant uncertainty exists with regards to the amount to be realized and the ultimate collection thereof.

iv) Interest and Dividend Income

Interest income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and for all financial instruments except for those classified as held for trading or those measured or designated as at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) is measured using the effective interest method (EIR).

The calculation of the EIR includes all fees and points paid or received between parties to the contract that are incremental and directly attributable to the specific lending arrangement, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts. For financial assets at FVTPL transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss at initial recognition.

The interest income is calculated by applying the EIR to the gross carrying amount of non-credit impaired financial assets (i.e. at the amortised cost of the financial asset before adjusting for any expected credit loss allowance). For credit-impaired financial assets the interest income is calculated by applying the EIR to the amortised cost of the credit-impaired financial assets (i.e., the gross carrying amount less the allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs). For financial assets originated or purchased credit-impaired (POCI) the EIR reflects the ECLs in determining the future cash flows expected to be received from the financial asset.

Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date and no significant uncertainty as to collectability exists.

v) Other Operational Revenue

Other operational revenue represents income earned from the activities incidental to the

business and is recognised when the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of the contract.

b) Properties, Plant and Equipment (PPE)

PPE is recognised when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. PPE is stated at original cost net of tax/duty credits availed, if any, less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment, if any. Cost includes all direct cost related to the acquisition of PPE and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy.

For transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to adopt as deemed cost, the carrying value of PPE measured as per Previous GAAP less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment on the transition date of April 1, 2018. In respect of revalued assets, the value as determined by valuers as reduced by accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment is taken as cost on transition date.

Land and buildings held for use are stated in the balance sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Freehold land is not depreciated.

PPE not ready for the intended use on the date of the Balance Sheet are disclosed as "capital work in progress”.

Depreciation is recognised using reducing balance method so as to write off the cost of the assets (other than freehold land)) less their residual values over their useful lives specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, or in case of assets where the useful life was determined by technical evaluation, over the useful life so determined. Depreciation method is reviewed at each financial year end to reflect expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset. The estimated useful life and residual values are also reviewed at each financial year end with the effect of any change

in the estimates of useful life/ residual value is accounted on prospective basis.

Depreciation for additions to/deductions from, owned assets is calculated pro rata to the period of use. Depreciation charge for impaired assets is adjusted in future periods in such a manner that the revised carrying amount of the asset is allocated over its remaining useful life.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss.

c) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Intangible assets are stated at original cost net of tax/duty credits availed, if any, less accumulated amortisation and cumulative impairment. Direct expenses and administrative and other general overhead expenses that are specifically attributable to acquisition of intangible assets are allocated and capitalised as a part of the cost of the intangible assets.

I ntangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as "Intangible assets under development”.

I ntangible assets are amortised on straight line basis over the estimated useful life. The method of amortisation and useful life are reviewed at the end of each accounting year with the effect of any changes in the estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.

d) Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets other than Goodwill

As at the end of each accounting year, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its PPE and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If such indication exists, the PPE, investment property and intangible assets are tested for impairment so as to determine the impairment loss, if any. Goodwill and the intangible assets with indefinite life are tested for impairment each year.

Impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is determined:

i) i n the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the net selling price and the value in use; and

ii) i n the case of a cash generating unit (the smallest identifiable Company of assets that generates independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit’s net selling price and the value in use.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If recoverable amount of an asset (or cash generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, such deficit is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as impairment loss and the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. For this purpose, the impairment loss recognised in respect of a cash generating unit is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to such cash generating unit and then to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets of the cash generating unit on a pro-rata basis.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit), except for allocated goodwill, is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss is recognised for the asset (or cash generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss (other than impairment loss allocated to goodwill) is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Inventories

Inventories are stated at lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost is calculated on First in First Out (FIFO) method except work in progress which is valued at raw material cost plus conversion costs depending upon the stage of completion. Cost comprises expenditure incurred in the normal course of business in bringing such inventories to its present location and condition and includes, where applicable, appropriate overheads based on normal level of activity. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price less estimated costs for completion and sale.

Obsolete, slow moving, and defective inventories are identified from time to time and, where necessary, a provision is made for such inventories.

f) Employee Benefits

i) Short Term Employee Benefits

Employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits and are expensed in the period in which the employee renders the related service. Liabilities recognised in respect of shortterm employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

ii) Post-employment benefits:

a) Defined contribution plans: The

Company’s superannuation scheme, state governed provident fund scheme,

employee state insurance scheme and employee pension scheme are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid/ payable under the schemes is recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b) Defined benefit plans: The obligation in respect of defined benefit plans, which cover Gratuity are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation at the end of each financial year using project unit credit method. The Company’s liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit Method) at the end of the year. Actuarial losses/gains are recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income in the year in which they arise.

Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurement recognised in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings, and will not be reclassified to profit or loss.

Defined benefit costs are categorized as follows:

i) Service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gain and losses on curtailments and settlements);

ii) Net interest expense or income; and

iii) Re-measurement.

The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in Statement of Profit and Loss in the line item ‘Employee Benefits Expense’.

The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated using a discount rate, which is determined by reference to market

yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds.

The retirement benefit obligation, recognized in the Balance Sheet, represents the Company’s liability based on actuarial valuation.

iii) Long term employee benefits:

The obligation recognised in respect of long term benefits such as long term compensated absences is measured at present value of estimated future cash flows expected to be made by the Company and is recognised in a similar manner as in the case of defined benefit plans vide (ii) (b) above.

iv) Termination benefits:

Termination benefits such as compensation under employee separation schemes are recognised as expense when the Company’s offer of the termination benefit is accepted or when the Company recognises the related restructuring costs whichever is earlier.

g) Leases

The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Identification of a lease requires significant judgment. The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate.

The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. In assessing whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive for the Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise the option to terminate the lease.

The Company revises the lease term if there is a change in the non-cancellable period of a lease.

The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.

Company as a lessee

The Company accounts for each lease component within the contract as a lease separately from nonlease components of the contract and allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component based on the relative stand-alone price of the lease component and the aggregate stand-alone price of the non-lease components.

The Company recognises right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term at the lease commencement date. The cost of the right-of-use asset measured at inception shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and removing the underlying asset or restoring the underlying asset or site on which it is located. The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use assets is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the

lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate. For leases with reasonably similar characteristics, the Company, on a lease-by-lease basis, may adopt either the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease or the incremental borrowing rate for the portfolio as a whole. The lease payments shall include fixed payments, variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, exercise price of a purchase option where the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. The lease liability is subsequently remeasured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made and remeasuring the carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modifications or to reflect revised in-substance fixed lease payments. The company recognises the amount of the remeasurement of lease liability due to modification as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset and statement of profit and loss depending upon the nature of modification. Where the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset is reduced to zero and there is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, the Company recognises any remaining amount of the re-measurement in statement of profit and loss.

Company as a Lessor

At the inception of the lease the Company classifies each of its leases as either an operating lease or a finance lease. The Company recognises lease payments received under operating leases as income on a straight- line basis over the lease term. In case of a finance lease, finance income is recognised over the lease term based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return on the lessor’s net investment in the lease. When the Company is an intermediate lessor it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sub-lease separately. It assesses the lease classification of a sub-lease with reference to the right-of-use asset

arising from the head lease, not with reference to the underlying asset. If a head lease is a shortterm lease to which the Company applies the exemption described above, then it classifies the sub-lease as an operating lease.

h) Financial Instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Company’s balance sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Recognised financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at FVTPL) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognised immediately in profit or loss.

A financial asset and a financial liability is offset and presented on net basis in the balance sheet when there is a current legally enforceable right to set-off the recognised amounts and it is intended to either settle on net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

1) Financial Assets

a) Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

b) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows that give rise on specified dates to sole payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding and by selling financial assets.

c) Debt instruments at amortised cost or at FVTOCI

The Company assesses the classification and measurement of a financial asset based on the contractual cash flow characteristics of the asset and the Company’s business model for managing the asset.

For an asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost, its contractual terms should give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding (SPPI).

For an asset to be classified and measured at FVTOCI, the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and the contractual terms of instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. The Company has more than one business model for managing its financial instruments which reflect how the Company manages its financial assets to generate cash flows. The Company’s business models determine whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling financial assets or both.

The Company considers all relevant information available when making the business model assessment. However, this assessment is not performed on the basis of scenarios that the Company does not reasonably expect to occur, such as so-called ‘worst case’ or ‘stress case’ scenarios. The Company takes into account all relevant evidence available such as:

• how the performance of the business model and the financial assets held within that business model are evaluated and reported to the entity’s key management personnel;

• the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and, in particular, the way in which those risks are managed; and

• how managers of the business are compensated (e.g., whether the compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or on the contractual cash flows collected).

The Company reassess its business models each reporting period to determine whether the business models have changed since the preceding period. For the current and prior reporting period the Company has not identified a change in its business models.

When a debt instrument measured at FVTOCI is derecognised, the cumulative gain/loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss.

I n contrast, for an equity investment designated as measured at FVTOCI,

the cumulative gain/loss previously recognised in OCI is not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss but transferred within equity.

Debt instruments that are subsequently measured at amortised cost or at FVTOCI are subject to impairment.

d) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognised in profit or loss.

e) De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily de-recognised when:

• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

• The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘passthrough’ arrangement; and

• either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that

reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

2) Financial liabilities

a) Financial liabilities, including derivatives, which are designated for measurement at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value. Financial guarantee contracts are subsequently measured at the amount of impairment loss allowance or the amount recognised at inception net of cumulative amortisation, whichever is higher.

All other financial liabilities including loans and borrowings are measured at amortised cost using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method.

b) A financial liability is derecognised when the related obligation expires or is discharged or cancelled.

i) Write Off

Loans and debt securities are written off when the Company has no reasonable expectations of recovering the financial asset (either in its entirety or a portion of it). This is the case when the Company determines that the borrower does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. A write-off constitutes a derecognition event. The Company may apply enforcement activities to financial assets written off. Recoveries resulting from the Company’s enforcement activities will result in impairment gains.

j) Impairment

The Company recognises loss allowances for ECLs on the following financial instruments that are not measured at FVTPL:

• Loans and advances to customers;

• Debt investment securities;

• Trade and other receivable;

• Lease receivables;

• Irrevocable loan commitments issued; and

• Financial guarantee contracts issued.

Credit-impaired financial assets

A financial asset is ‘credit-impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred. Credit-impaired financial assets are referred to as Stage 3 assets. Evidence of credit impairment includes observable data about the following events:

• significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;

• a breach of contract such as a default or past due event;

• t he lender of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, having granted to the borrower a concession that the lender would not otherwise consider;

• the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties; or

• the purchase of a financial asset at a deep discount that reflects the incurred credit losses.

It may not be possible to identify a single discrete event—instead, the combined effect of several events may have caused financial assets to become credit-impaired. The Company assesses whether debt instruments that are financial assets measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI are credit-impaired at each reporting date. To assess if corporate debt instruments are credit impaired, the Company considers factors such as bond yields, credit ratings and the ability of the borrower to raise funding.

A loan is considered credit-impaired when a concession is granted to the borrower due to a deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition, unless there is evidence that as a result of granting the concession the risk of not receiving the

contractual cash flows has reduced significantly and there are no other indicators of impairment.

For financial assets where concessions are contemplated but not granted the asset is deemed credit impaired when there is observable evidence of credit-impairment including meeting the definition of default. The definition of default (see below) includes unlikeliness to pay indicators and a back-stop if amounts are overdue for 90 days or more.

Significant increase in credit risk

The Company monitors all financial assets and financial guarantee contracts that are subject to the impairment requirements to assess whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. If there has been a significant increase in credit risk the Company will measure the loss allowance based on lifetime rather than 12-month ECL.

In assessing whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument at the reporting date based on the remaining maturity of the instrument with the risk of a default occurring that was anticipated for the remaining maturity at the current reporting date when the financial instrument was first recognised. In making this assessment, the Company considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical experience and forward-looking information that is available without undue cost or effort, based on the Company’s historical experience and expert credit assessment.

Given that a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition is a relative measure, a given change, in absolute terms, in the Probability of Default will be more significant for a financial instrument with a lower initial PD than compared to a financial instrument with a higher PD.

As a back-stop when loan asset not being a corporate loans becomes 30 days past due, the

Company considers that a significant increase in credit risk has occurred and the asset is in stage 2 of the impairment model, i.e. the loss allowance is measured as the lifetime ECL in respect of all retail assets. In respect of the corporate loan assets, shifting to Stage 2 has been rebutted using historical evidence from own portfolio to a threshold of 60 days past due, which is reviewed annually.

Purchased or originated credit-impaired (POCI) financial assets

POCI financial assets are treated differently because the asset is credit-impaired at initial recognition. For these assets, the Company recognises all changes in lifetime ECL since initial recognition as a loss allowance with any changes recognised in profit or loss. A favourable change for such assets creates an impairment gain.

Definition of default

Critical to the determination of ECL is the definition of default. The definition of default is used in measuring the amount of ECL and in the determination of whether the loss allowance is based on 12-month or lifetime ECL, as default is a component of the probability of default (PD) which affects both the measurement of ECLs and the identification of a significant increase in credit risk.

The Company considers the following as constituting an event of default:

• the borrower is past due more than 90 days on any material credit obligation to the Company; or

• the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full.

The definition of default is appropriately tailored to reflect different characteristics of different types of assets.

When assessing if the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligation, the Company takes into account both qualitative and quantitative indicators. The information assessed depends on the type of

the asset, for example in corporate lending a qualitative indicator used is the admittance of bankruptcy petition by National Company Law Tribunal, which is not relevant for retail lending. Quantitative indicators, such as overdue status and non-payment on another obligation of the same counterparty are key inputs in this analysis. The Company uses a variety of sources of information to assess default which are either developed internally or obtained from external sources. The definition of default is applied consistently to all financial instruments unless information becomes available that demonstrates that another default definition is more appropriate for a particular financial instrument. With the exception of POCI financial assets (which are considered separately below), ECLs are required to be measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to:

• 12-month ECL, i.e. lifetime ECL that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date, (referred to as Stage 1); or

• full lifetime ECL, i.e., lifetime ECL that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument, (referred to as Stage 2 and Stage 3).

A loss allowance for full lifetime ECL is required for a financial instrument if the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition (and consequently to credit impaired financial assets). For all other financial instruments, ECLs are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL.

ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of the present value of credit losses. These are measured as the present value of the difference between the cash flows due to the Company under the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive arising from the weighting of multiple future economic scenarios, discounted at the asset’s EIR.

• for financial guarantee contracts, the ECL is the difference between the expected

payments to reimburse the holder of the guaranteed debt instrument less any amounts that the Company expects to receive from the holder, the debtor or any other party.

The Company measures ECL on an individual basis, or on a collective basis for portfolios of loans that share similar economic risk characteristics.

k) Modification and derecognition of financial assets

A modification of a financial asset occurs when the contractual terms governing the cash flows of a financial asset are renegotiated or otherwise modified between initial recognition and maturity of the financial asset. A modification affects the amount and/or timing of the contractual cash flows either immediately or at a future date. In addition, the introduction or adjustment of existing covenants of an existing loan may constitute a modification even if these new or adjusted covenants do not yet affect the cash flows immediately but may affect the cash flows depending on whether the covenant is or is not met (e.g. a change to the increase in the interest rate that arises when covenants are breached).

The Company renegotiates loans to customers in financial difficulty to maximise collection and minimise the risk of default. A loan forbearance is granted in cases where although the borrower made all reasonable efforts to pay under the original contractual terms, there is a high risk of default or default has already happened and the borrower is expected to be able to meet the revised terms. The revised terms in most of the cases include an extension of the maturity of the loan, changes to the timing of the cash flows of the loan (principal and interest repayment), reduction in the amount of cash flows due (principal and interest forgiveness) and amendments to covenants.

When a financial asset is modified the Company assesses whether this modification results in derecognition. In accordance with the Company’s policy a modification results in derecognition when it gives rise to substantially different terms. To determine if the modified terms are substantially

different from the original contractual terms the

Company considers the following:

• Qualitative factors, such as contractual cash flows after modification are no longer SPPI,

• Change in currency or change of counterparty,

• The extent of change in interest rates, maturity, covenants.

If these do not clearly indicate a substantial

modification, then;

a) In the case where the financial asset is derecognised the loss allowance for ECL is remeasured at the date of derecognition to determine the net carrying amount of the asset at that date. The difference between this revised carrying amount and the fair value of the new financial asset with the new terms will lead to a gain or loss on derecognition. The new financial asset will have a loss allowance measured based on 12-month ECL except in the rare occasions where the new loan is considered to be originated-credit impaired. This applies only in the case where the fair value of the new loan is recognised at a significant discount to its revised par amount because there remains a high risk of default which has not been reduced by the modification. The Company monitors credit risk of modified financial assets by evaluating qualitative and quantitative information, such as if the borrower is in past due status under the new terms.

b) When the contractual terms of a financial asset are modified and the modification does not result in derecognition, the Company determines if the financial asset’s credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition by comparing:

• the remaining lifetime PD estimated based on data at initial recognition and the original contractual terms; with

• the remaining lifetime PD at the reporting date based on the modified terms.

For financial assets modified, where modification did not result in derecognition, the estimate of PD reflects the Company’s ability to collect the modified cash flows taking into account the Company’s previous experience of similar forbearance action, as well as various behavioural indicators, including the borrower’s payment performance against the modified contractual terms. If the credit risk remains significantly higher than what was expected at initial recognition the loss allowance will continue to be measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. The loss allowance on forborne loans will generally only be measured based on 12-month ECL when there is evidence of the borrower’s improved repayment behaviour following modification leading to a reversal of the previous significant increase in credit risk.

Where a modification does not lead to derecognition the Company calculates the modification gain/ loss comparing the gross carrying amount before and after the modification (excluding the ECL allowance). Then the Company measures ECL for the modified asset, where the expected cash flows arising from the modified financial asset are included in calculating the expected cash shortfalls from the original asset.

The Company derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the asset’s cash flows expire (including expiry arising from a modification with substantially different terms), or when the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset are transferred to another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay.

I f the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain/loss that had been recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity is recognised in profit or loss, with the exception of equity investment designated as measured at FVTOCI, where the cumulative gain/loss previously recognised in OCI is not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognise under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amount allocated to the part that is no longer recognised and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognised and any cumulative gain/loss allocated to it that had been recognised in OCI is recognised in profit or loss. A cumulative gain/ loss that had been recognised in OCI is allocated between the part that continues to be recognised and the part that is no longer recognised on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts. This does not apply for equity investments designated as measured at FVTOCI, as the cumulative gain/loss previously recognised in OCI is not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.

l) Presentation of allowance for ECL in the Balance Sheet

Loss allowances for ECL are presented in the statement of financial position as follows:

• for financial assets measured at amortised cost: as a deduction from the gross carrying amount of the assets;

• for debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: no loss allowance is recognised in Balance Sheet as the carrying amount is at fair value.

m) Fair value financial instruments

The company measure financial instrument at fair value at each balance sheet date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the company use various method and assumption that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date. The methods used to determine the fair value includes discounted cash flow analysis, available quoted market price and dealer quotes and valuation report etc. The method of assessing fair value results in general approximation of value and such value may never actually be realised.

Fair Values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

When measuring the fair value of an asset or liability, the company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

n) Government Grant:

The Company may receive government grants that require compliance with certain conditions related to the Company’s operating activities or are provided to the Company by way of financial assistance on the basis of certain qualifying criteria.

Government grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received upon the Company complying with the conditions attached to the grant.

Accordingly, government grants:

(a) related to or used for assets, are deducted from the carrying amount of the asset.

(b) related to incurring specific expenditures are taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss on the same basis and in the same periods as the expenditures incurred.

(c) by way of financial assistance on the basis of certain qualifying criteria are recognised as they become receivable.

In the unlikely event that a grant previously recognised is ultimately not received, it is treated as a change in estimate and the amount cumulatively recognised is expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

o) Cash and bank balances:

Cash and bank balances also include fixed deposits, margin money deposits, earmarked balances with banks and other bank balances which have restrictions on repatriation. Short term and liquid investments being subject to more than insignificant risk of change in value, are not included as part of cash and cash equivalents.

p) Borrowing costs:

Borrowing costs include interest expense calculated using the effective interest method, finance charges in respect of assets acquired on finance lease and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings, to the

extent they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs.

Borrowing costs net of any investment income from the temporary investment of related borrowings, that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

q) Share-based payment arrangements:

The stock options granted to employees pursuant to the Company’s Stock Options Schemes, are measured at the fair value of the options at the grant date. The fair value of the options is treated as discount and accounted as employee compensation cost over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. The amount recognised as expense in each year is arrived at based on the number of grants expected to vest. If a grant lapses after the vesting period, the cumulative discount recognised as expense in respect of such grant is transferred to the general reserve within equity.

r) Accounting and reporting of information for Operating Segments:

Operating segments are those components of the business whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision making body in the Company to make decisions for performance assessment and resource allocation. The reporting of segment information is the same as provided to the management for the purpose of the performance assessment and resource allocation to the segments. Segment accounting policies are in line with the accounting policies of the Company.

s) Foreign currencies:

i) The functional currency and presentation currency of the Company is Indian Rupee.

Functional currency of the Company and foreign operations has been determined based on the primary economic environment in which the Company and its foreign operations operate considering the currency in which funds are generated, spent and retained.

ii) Transactions in currencies other than the Company’s functional currency are recorded on initial recognition using the exchange rate at the transaction date. At each Balance Sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are reported at the prevailing closing spot rate. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in foreign currency are not retranslated. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting of monetary items at each Balance Sheet date at the closing spot rate are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

iii) Financial statements of foreign operations whose functional currency is different than Indian Rupees are translated into Indian Rupees as follows:

A. assets and liabilities for each Balance Sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that Balance Sheet;

B. income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates; and

C. all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity as foreign currency translation reserve for subsequent reclassification to profit or loss on disposal of such foreign operations.

t) Taxation:

Current Tax:

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income and computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and based on the expected outcome of assessments/appeals.

The Company irreversibly opted to pay the Current Tax as per the Section 115BAA of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Company’s financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in computation of taxable profit and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences to the extent that is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets relating to unabsorbed depreciation/business losses/losses under the head "capital gains” are recognised and carried forward to the extent of available taxable temporary differences or where there is convincing other evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Deferred tax assets in respect of unutilised tax credits which mainly relate to minimum alternate tax are recognised to the extent it is probable of such unutilised tax credits will get realised.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Transaction or event which is recognised outside profit or loss, either in other comprehensive income or in equity, is recorded along with the tax as applicable.

u) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets:

Provisions are recognised only when:

i) a Company entity has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event; and

ii) i t is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; and

iii) a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation

Provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation and when the effect of time value of money is material, the carrying amount of the provision is the present value of those cash flows. Reimbursement expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a provision is recognised only when it is virtually certain that the reimbursement will be received.

Contingent liability is disclosed in case of:

i) a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and

ii) a present obligation arising from past events when no reliable estimate is possible.

Contingent assets are disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. Provisions,

contingent liabilities, and contingent assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

Where the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under such contract, the present obligation under the contract is recognised and measured as a provision.

v) Commitment:

Commitments are future liabilities for contractual expenditure, classified and disclosed as follows:

a) estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for.

b) uncalled liability on shares and other investments partly paid.

c) f unding related commitment to associate companies; and

d) other non-cancellable commitments, if any, to the extent they are considered material and relevant in the opinion of management.

Other commitments related to sales/procurements made in the normal course of business are not disclosed to avoid excessive details.

w) Statement of cash flows:

Statement of cash flows is prepared segregating the cash flows into operating, investing and financing activities. Cash flow from operating activities is reported using indirect method adjusting the net profit for the effects of:

i) changes during the period in operating receivables and payables transactions of a non-cash nature;

ii) non-cash items such as depreciation, provisions, deferred taxes, unrealised gains and losses; and

iii) all other items for which the cash effects are investing or financing cash flows.

Cash and cash equivalents (including bank balances) shown in the Statement of Cash Flows exclude items which are not available for general use as on the date of Balance Sheet.

x) Earnings per share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its ordinary shares. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.

y) Changes in Accounting Standard and recent accounting pronouncements (New Accounting Standards issued but not effective):

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31, 2024, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the company.