A. Corporate Information

Kansai Nerolac Paints Limited (the ‘Company') is a public limited company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act. The Company's shares are listed on National Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange. The registered office of the Company is located at 28^th Floor, A-wing, Marathon Futurex, N. M. Joshi Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai-400013. The Company is principally engaged in the manufacturing of Paints.

Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., Japan is immediate and ultimate holding company of Kansai Nerolac Paints Limited and is based and listed in Japan. Financial Statements of Kansai Paint Co. Ltd. are available in public domain.

The Standalone Financial Statements for the year ended 31^st March, 2025 have been reviewed by the Audit Committee and approved by the Board of Directors at their meetings held on 6^th May, 2025.

B. Basis of Preparation

1. Statement of compliance

The Standalone Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the ‘Act') and other relevant provisions of the Act as amended from time to time.

Details of the Company's Accounting Policies are included in Note 1.

2. Functional and Presentation currency

The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is also the Company's functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest crores, unless otherwise indicated.

3. Basis of measurement

The Standalone Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for investments in mutual funds, non-trade equity shares, bonds and provision for employee defined benefit plans, which are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period.

4. Use of estimates and judgements

Critical accounting judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty:

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures as at date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of the revenues and expenses for the years presented. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

(i) Critical Judgments

In the process of applying the Company's accounting policies, management has made the following judgments, which have the most significant effect on the amount recognised in the financial statements.

Discount rate used to determine the carrying amount of the Company's defined benefit obligation.

In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation.

Contingences and Commitments

In the normal course of business, contingent liabilities may arise from litigations and other claims against the Company. Where the potential liabilities have a low probability of crystallising or are very difficult to quantify reliably, we treat them as contingent liabilities. Such liabilities are disclosed in the notes but are not provided for in the financial statements. Although there can be no assurance regarding the final outcome of the legal proceedings, we do not expect them to have a materially adverse impact on our financial position or profitability.

(ii) Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty

The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below:

Useful Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment

As described in Note 1(3)(c), the Company reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment at the end of each reporting period. During the current financial year, the management determined that there were no changes to the useful lives and residual values of the property, plant and equipment.

Impairment loss allowance on trade receivables

The Company makes loss allowances for credit impaired debts based on an assessment of the recoverability of trade and other receivables. The identification of credit impaired debts enquires use of judgments and estimates. Where the expectation is different from the original estimate, such difference will impact the carrying value of the trade and other receivables and credit impaired debts expenses in the period in which such estimate has been changed.

4. Use of estimates and judgements (contd.)

Allowances for Inventories

Management reviews the inventory age listing on a periodic basis. This review involves comparison of the carrying value of the aged inventory items with the respective net realizable value. The purpose is to ascertain whether an allowance is required to be made in the financial statements for any obsolete and slow-moving items. Management is satisfied that adequate allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventories has been made in the financial statements.

Impairment of Investments in Subsidiaries

The carrying amount of the Company's investments in subsidiaries including corporate guarantees provided by the Company to the lenders of its subsidiaries are assessed at the end of each reporting date to determine whether there are any potential indicators of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the Company estimates the recoverable amount of such investments. The determination of recoverable amounts of the Company's investments in subsidiaries involves significant judgements. Market related information and estimates are used to determine the recoverable amount. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of recoverable amount includes projected sales volume, estimated long-term growth rates, weighted average cost of capital, estimated operating margins, etc.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involve various judgements and assumptions.

Defined Benefit Plans

The costs and present value of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other long-term employee benefits are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in future. These include the determination of appropriate discount rate, salary escalation rate, expected rate of return on assets and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, defined benefit plans are highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date and the same are disclosed in Note 39, ‘Employee benefits'.

Share-based payments

The fair value of Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”) is measured using the Black Scholes model for Time based RSU's and Monte Carlo Simulation model for Performance based RSU's. Measurement inputs include share price on grant date, exercise price of the instrument, expected volatility (based on weighted average historical volatility), expected life of the instrument (based on expected exercise behaviour), expected dividends, and the risk free interest rate (based on government bonds). Details regarding the determination of the fair value of equity-settled share-based transactions are set out in note 46.

Note 1: Material Accounting Policies

1. Classification of Assets and Liabilities

Schedule III to the Act, requires assets and liabilities to be classified as either Current or Non-current.

(a) An asset shall be classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

(i) it is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Company's normal operating cycle;

(ii) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

(iii) it is expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting date; or

(iv) it is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months

after the reporting date.

(b) All assets other than current assets shall be classified as non-current.

(c) A liability shall be classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

(i) it is expected to be settled in the Company's normal operating cycle;

(ii) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

(iii) it is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting date; or

(iv) the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the

reporting date. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity

instruments do not affect its classification.

(d) All liabilities other than current liabilities shall be classified as non-current.

2. Operating Cycle

An operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents. The Company has ascertained the operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

3. Property, Plant and Equipment

(a) Recognition and Measurement

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment that qualifies for recognition as an asset is initially measured at its cost and then carried at the cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment, if any.

The cost of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates and any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. The initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located is included in the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment.

The cost of a self-constructed item of Property, Plant and Equipment comprises the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Tangible Property, Plant and Equipment under construction are disclosed as Capital Work-in-progress. Item of Capital Work-inprogress is carried at cost using the principles of valuation of item of property, plant and equipment till it is ready for use, the manner in which intended by management.

(b) Depreciation

The depreciable amount of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is allocated on a systematic basis over its useful life. The Company provides depreciation on the straight line method. The Company believes that straight line method reflects the pattern in which the asset's future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the Company. Based on internal technical evaluation, the management believes useful lives of the assets are appropriate. The depreciation method is reviewed at least at each financial year-end and, if there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, the method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such a change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate in accordance with Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.

Each part of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately.

The depreciation charge for each period is recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss unless it is included in the carrying amount of another asset.

The residual value and the useful life of an asset is reviewed at least at each financial year-end and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the change(s) is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate in accordance with Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e. from (up to) the date on which asset is ready for use (disposed off).

Depreciation charge for the year is displayed as depreciation on the face of Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Disposal

The carrying amount of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is included in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss when the item is derecognised.

4. Investment Property

(a) Recognition and Measurement

Land or building held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both rather than for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes; or sale in the ordinary course of business is recognised as Investment Property. Land held for a currently undetermined future use is also recognised as Investment Property.

An investment property is measured initially at its cost. The cost of an investment property comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable expenditure. After initial recognition, the Company carries the investment property at the cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment, if any.

(b) Depreciation

After initial recognition, the Company measures all of its Investment Property in accordance with Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment requirements for cost model. The depreciable amount of an item of Investment Property is allocated on a systematic basis over its useful life. The Company provides depreciation on the straight line method. The Company believes that straight line method reflects the pattern in which the asset's future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the Company. Based on internal technical evaluation, the management believes useful lives of the assets are appropriate. The depreciation method is reviewed at least at each financial year-end and, if there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, the method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such a change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate in accordance with Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.

The depreciation charge for each period is generally recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

The residual value and the useful life of an asset is reviewed at least at each financial year-end and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the change(s) is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate in accordance with Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

(c) Fair Value

Fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by an independent valuer who holds a recognised and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued. The fair value of investment property is disclosed in the Note 4.

(d) Gain or loss on Disposal

Any gain or loss on disposal of an Investment Property is recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

5. Other Intangible Assets

(a) Recognition and Measurement

An intangible asset is an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance. Intangible assets are initially measured at its cost and then carried at the cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment, if any.

Research and Development

Research is original and planned investigation undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding. Expenditure incurred on research of an internal project is recognised as an expense in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss, when it is incurred.

Development is the application of research findings or other knowledge to a plan or design for the production of new or substantially improved materials, devices, products, processes, systems or services before the start of commercial production or use. An intangible asset arising from development is recognised if, and only if, the following criteria are met:

(a) it is technically feasible to complete the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale.

(b) the Company intends to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it.

(c) the Company has ability to use or sell the intangible asset.

(d) the Company can demonstrate how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits.

(e) the Company has adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset.

(f) the Company has ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development. Expenditure on research activities is recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

(b) Subsequent Expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill and brands, is recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

(c) Amortisation

The Company amortises Other Intangible Assets on the straight line method. The Company believes that straight line method reflects the pattern in which the asset's future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the Company. The amortisation method is reviewed at least at each financial year-end and, if there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, the method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such a change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate in accordance with Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.

The residual value and the useful life of an asset is reviewed at least at each financial year-end and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the change(s) is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate in accordance with Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. The estimated useful lives as estimated by management are as follows:

6. Non-current assets or disposal group held for sale

Non-current assets, or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities are classified as held for sale if it is highly probable that they will be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use.

Such assets, or disposal groups, are generally measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Any resultant loss on a disposal group is allocated first to goodwill, and then to remaining assets and liabilities on pro rata basis, except that no loss is allocated to inventories, financial assets, deferred tax assets, employee benefit assets, and biological assets, which continue to be measured in accordance with the Company's other accounting policies. Losses on initial classification as held for sale and subsequent gains and losses on remeasurement are recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

Once assets classified as held-for-sale, then Property, Plant and Equipment, Investment Property and Other Intangible Assets are no longer required to be depreciated or amortised.

7. Employee Benefits

(a) Short-term Employee Benefits:

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid e.g., under short-term cash bonus, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.

(b) Post-Employment Benefits:

Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts.

(i) Provident and Family Pension Fund

The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive post employment benefits in respect of provident and family pension fund, in which both the employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the employees' eligible salary (currently 12% of employees' eligible salary). The contributions are made to the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC) which are charged to the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

In respect of contribution to RPFC, the Company has no further obligations beyond making the contribution, and hence, such employee benefit plan is classified as Defined Contribution Plan. The Company's contribution is recognised as an expense in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

(ii) Superannuation

The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive post employment benefits in respect of superannuation fund in which the Company makes annual contribution at a specified percentage of the employees' eligible salary (currently 15% of employees' eligible salary). The contributions are made to the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Superannuation is classified as Defined Contribution Plan as the Company has no further obligations beyond making the contribution. The Company's contribution is recognised as an expense in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

Defined Benefit Plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company's net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the Company, the recognised asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan (‘the asset ceiling'). In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income. The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service (‘past service cost' or ‘past service gain') or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

Gratuity

The Company has an obligation towards gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering eligible employees. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount equivalent to 15 days to one month salary payable for each completed year of service or part thereof in excess of six months depending upon category of employee. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of service. The Company has obtained insurance policies with the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and makes an annual contribution to LIC for amounts notified by LIC. The Company accounts for gratuity benefits payable in future based on an independent external actuarial valuation carried out at the end of the year using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised as Other Comprehensive Income.

Provident Fund Trust

In respect of contribution to the trust set up by the Company, since the Company is obligated to meet interest shortfall, if any, with respect to covered employees, such employee benefit plan is classified as Defined Benefit Plan. Any obligation in this respect is measured on the basis of independent actuarial valuation.

(c) Retirement Benefits to Executive Directors

The liability for special retirement benefit to the Executive Directors who became entitled prior to the discontinuation of the policy, is recognised in the balance sheet at its present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected united credit method.

The present value of the said obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows, using market yields of government bonds that have tenure approximating the tenures of the related liability.

The interest expense is calculated by applying the discount rate to the defined benefit liability. The interest expense on the defined benefit liability is recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

Re-measurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the Standalone Statement of Changes in Equity and in the Standalone Balance Sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

(d) Other Long-term Employee Benefits - Compensated Absences

The Company provides for encashment of leave or leave with pay subject to certain rules. The employees are entitled to accumulate leave subject to certain limits for future encashment/availment. The Company makes provision for compensated absences based on an independent actuarial valuation carried out at the end of the year. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss. The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet since the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

(e) Share based Payments

Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments in consideration of the services rendered. Under the equity settled share based payment, the fair value on the grant date of the awards given to employees is recognised as ‘employee benefit expenses' with a corresponding increase in equity over the vesting period. The fair value of the options at the grant date is calculated by an independent valuer basis Black Scholes model and Monte Carle model. At the end of each reporting period, apart from the non-market vesting condition, the expense is reviewed and adjusted to reflect changes to the level of options expected to vest. When the options are exercised, the Company issues fresh equity shares.

8. Inventories

(a) Measurement of Inventory

The Company measures its inventories at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

(b) Cost of Inventories

The cost of inventories shall comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

The costs of purchase of inventories comprise the purchase price, import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable by the entity from the taxing authorities), and transport, handling and other costs directly attributable to the acquisition of finished goods, materials and services. Trade discounts, rebates and other similar items are deducted in determining the costs of purchase.

The costs of conversion of inventories include costs directly related to the units of production and a systematic allocation of fixed and variable production overheads that are incurred in converting materials into finished goods.

Other costs are included in the cost of inventories only to the extent that they are incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

The cost of inventories is assigned by weighted average cost formula. The Company uses the same cost formula for all inventories having a similar nature and use to the Company.

(c) Net realisable value

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Net realisable value is ascertained for each item of inventories with reference to the selling prices of related finished products.

The practice of writing inventories down below cost to net realisable value is consistent with the view that assets should not be carried in excess of amounts expected to be realised from their sale or use. Inventories are usually written down to net realisable value item by item. Estimates of net realisable value of finished goods and stock-in-trade are based on the most reliable evidence available at the time the estimates are made, of the amount the inventories are expected to realise. These estimates take into consideration fluctuations of price or cost directly relating to events occurring after the end of the period to the extent that such events confirm conditions existing at the end of the period. Materials and other supplies held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. However, when a decline in the price of materials indicates that the cost of the finished products exceeds net realisable value, the materials are written down to net realisable value.

Amount of any reversal of write-down of inventories shall be recognised as an expense as when the event occurs.

A new assessment is made of net realisable value in each subsequent period. When the circumstances that previously caused inventories to be written down below cost no longer exist or when there is clear evidence of an increase in net realisable value because of changed economic circumstances, the amount of the write-down is reversed. Amounts such reversed shall be recognised as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognised as an expense in the period in which reversal occurs.

(d) Valuation of Spare parts, stand-by equipments and servicing equipments

Spare parts, stand-by equipment and servicing equipment are recognised as Property, Plant and Equipment if and only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with them will flow to the Company and their cost can be measured reliably. Otherwise such items are classified and recognised as Inventory.

9. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash equivalents are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments rather than for investment or other purposes. For an investment to qualify as a cash equivalent it must be readily convertible to a known amount of cash and be subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Therefore, an investment normally qualifies as a cash equivalent only when it has a short maturity of, say, three months or less from the date of acquisition. For the purpose of Cash Flow Statement cash and cash equivalent includes bank overdrafts which are repayable on demand.

10. Government Grants

Government grants are assistance by government in the form of transfers of resources to the Company in return for past or future compliance with certain conditions relating to the operating activities of the Company. Government grants are not be recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and the grants will be received. Government grants are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognises as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

11. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided for. Warranties

A provision for warranties is recognised when the underlying products or services are sold. The provision is based on technical evaluation, historical warranty data and a weighting of all possible outcomes by their associated probabilities.

Restructuring

A provision for restructuring is recognised when the Company has approved a detailed formal restructuring plan, and the restructuring either has commenced or has been announced publicly.

Onerous contracts

A contract is considered to be onerous when the expected economic benefits to be derived by the Company from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision for an onerous contract is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before such a provision is made, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

12. Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised goods to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer which is usually on dispatch / delivery.

Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for volume discounts, rebates, scheme allowances, price concessions, incentives, and returns, if any, as specified in the contracts with the customers. Revenue excludes taxes collected from customers on behalf of the government. Accruals for discounts/incentives and returns are estimated (using the most likely method) based on accumulated experience and underlying schemes and agreements with customers. Due to the short nature of credit period given to customers, there is no financing component in the contract.

Interest Income

Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method as set out in Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, when it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company and the amount of the revenue can be measured reliably. The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or a financial liability (or group of financial assets or financial liabilities) and of allocating the interest income or interest expense over the relevant period.

Royalty Income

Royalty income is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement when it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company and the amount of the revenue can be measured reliably. Dividend Income

Dividend income is recognised when right to receive payment is established and it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company and the amount of the revenue can be measured reliably.

13. Foreign Currency Transactions

Functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates whereas presentation currency is the currency in which the financial statements are presented. Indian Rupee is the functional as well as presentation currency for the Company.

A foreign currency transaction is recorded, on initial recognition in the functional currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

At the end of each reporting period, foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate whereas non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was measured.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous Financial Statements are recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise. When a gain or loss on a non-monetary item is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income, any exchange component of that gain or loss is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income. Conversely, when a gain or loss on a non-monetary item is recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss, any exchange component of that gain or loss is recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

14. Taxation Income tax

Income tax comprises current tax and deferred tax expense. It is recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognised directly in Equity or in Other Comprehensive Income.

Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognised for:

a temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction;

b taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. The existence of unused tax losses is strong evidence that future taxable profit may not be available. Therefore, in case of a history of recent losses, the Company recognises a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised. Deferred tax assets - unrecognised or recognised, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised/reduced to the extent that it is probable/no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.

15. Lease

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

(i) Right-of-use Assets (ROU Assets)

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:

If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset. The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in note 19 Impairment of non-financial assets.

(ii) Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments)less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

Lease liability and ROU assets have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

(iii) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of machinery and equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option).

It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

16. Financial Instruments

(a) Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual terms of the instrument.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at Fair Value through Profit and Loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

(b) Classification and subsequent measurement Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is measured at

— amortised cost;

— Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI) - debt investment;

— Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income - equity investment; or

— FVTPL

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment's fair value in OCI (designated as FVOCI - equity investment). This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held for trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.

(d) Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(e) Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risk. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Any changes therein are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

17. Borrowing Cost

The Company capitalises borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset as part of the cost of that asset. The Company recognises other borrowing costs as an expense in the period in which it incurs them. Borrowing costs are interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds including exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs.

A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale.

18. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share

The Company calculates basic earnings per share amounts for profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and, if presented, profit or loss from continuing operations attributable to those equity holders.

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders (the numerator) by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding (the denominator) during the period.

The weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period and for all periods presented shall be adjusted for events, other than the conversion of potential ordinary shares, that have changed the number of ordinary shares outstanding without a corresponding change in resources.

Diluted earnings per share

The Company calculates diluted earnings per share amounts for profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and, if presented, profit or loss from continuing operations attributable to those equity holders.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the Company adjusts profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders, and the weighted average number of shares outstanding, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, if any.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the weighted average number of ordinary shares calculated for calculating basic earnings per share and adjusted the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on the conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares. Dilutive potential ordinary shares are deemed to have been converted into ordinary shares at the beginning of the period or, if later, the date of the issue of the potential ordinary shares.

19. Impairment Loss Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company recognises loss allowances for expected credit losses on:

— financial assets measured at amortised cost; and

— financial assets measured at FVOCI- debt investments.

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost are credit-impaired. A financial asset is ‘credit impaired' when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

In accordance with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments, the Company follows ‘simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime expected credit loss at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the debtor does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Company's procedures for recovery of amounts due.

Impairment of Non Financial Assets

An impairment loss is the amount by which the carrying amount of an asset or a cash-generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of an asset or a cash-generating unit is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate.

The Company assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that an asset is impaired. In assessing whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired, the Company considers External as well as Internal Source of Information. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount for the individual asset. If, and only if, the recoverable amount of an asset is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount in accordance with another Accounting Standards.

If it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of the individual asset, the Company determines the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs (the asset's cash-generating unit). A cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. The Company recognises impairment loss for a cash-generating unit if, and only if, the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the cash-generating unit. The Company allocates impairment loss of cash-generating units first to the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the cash-generating units, if any, and then, to the other assets of the cash-generating units pro rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the cash-generating unit. These reductions in carrying amounts shall be treated as impairment losses on individual assets and recognised accordingly.

20. Measurement of fair values

A number of the Companies accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities.

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a valuation team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values, and reports directly to the Chief Financial Officer.

The valuation team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the valuation team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows: Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

21. Business Combination

Business combinations arising from transfers or interests in entities that are under the control of the shareholders that controls the Company are accounted for as if the acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented or, if later, at the date that common control was established; for this purpose comparatives are revised, The assets and liabilities acquired are recognised at their carrying amounts. The identity of the reserves is preserved and they appear in the standalone financial statements of the Company in the same form in which they appeared in the standalone financial statements of the acquired entity. The difference, if any, between the net assets acquired and cancellation of share capital of the acquired entity is transferred to other equity.

22. Investment in Subsidiaries

A subsidiary is an entity that is controlled by the Company.

The Company accounts for the investments in equity shares of subsidiaries at cost in accordance with Ind AS 27 - Separate Financial Statements.