SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1. CORPORATE INFORMATION:

The company is incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1956, having its registered office situated at 7^th Floor, Popular House, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad. The company is engaged in manufacturing of castor oil and other allied products including its derivatives viz. 12 HAS, ricilonic acid, etc. and is also engaged in trading of castor oil derivatives, mainly Hydrogenated Caster Oil (HCO), which the company is getting done on job work basis through outside parties. As explained by the management, the company has during the year as per Dry lease agreement entered given its Plant on lease due to working capital crunch. As per the details given by the management, the company is having a crushing capacity of castor seeds of more than 27,000 MT per month.

1.1 Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs vide notification dated 9 September 2024 and 28 September 2024 notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2024 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Third Amendment Rules, 2024, respectively, which amended/ notified certain accounting standards (see below), and are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2024:

• Insurance contracts - Ind AS 117; and

• Lease Liability in Sale and Leaseback - Amendments to Ind AS 116

These amendments did not have any impact on the amounts recognised in current or prior period. Further, On May 9, 2025, MCA notifies the amendments to Ind AS 21 - Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates. These amendments aim to provide clearer guidance on assessing currency exchangeability and estimating exchange rates when currencies are not readily exchangeable. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2025. The Company is currently assessing the probable impact of these amendments on its financial statements.

MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1.2 BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(a) Basis of preparation and compliance with Ind AS

These Standalone Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) under historical cost convention on accrual basis. The Ind AS are prescribed under section 133 of the Act, read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Rules 2015 & relevant amendment rules issued thereafter.

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued Accounting Standard is initially adopted or revision to an existing Accounting Standard requires a change in accounting policy hitherto in use.

(b) USE OF ESTIMATES:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting year end. Although these estimates are based upon management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.

(c) Revenue Recognition

Revenue comprises of all economic benefits that arises in the ordinary course of activities of the Company which result in increase in Equity other than increases relating to contributions from equity participants. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of discounts, volume rebates.

Goods and service tax is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the Government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

Revenue from sales is recognized when all significant risks and rewards of ownership of the commodity sold are transferred to the customer, which generally coincides with delivery. Revenues from sale of by- products are included in revenue. Inter-transfers, other benefits passed on the customer in kind etc are expensed in statement of Profit and loss.

Interest is accounted on accrual basis.

Rent income is accounted on accrual basis.

(d) Property, Plant and Equipment

(i) Property, plant and equipment [PPE]

All PPE are stated at original cost (net of tax/duty credit availed) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses except freehold land which is carried at cost. Cost includes cost of acquisition, construction and installation, taxes, duties, freight, other incidental expenses relating to the acquisition, trail run expenses (net of revenue) and pre-operative expenses including attributable borrowing costs incurred during pre-operational period. Expenditure incurred after the property, plant and equipment have been put into operation, such as repairs and maintenance, are normally charged to the statements of profit and loss in the period in which the costs are incurred. Major inspection and overhaul expenditure is capitalized if the recognition criteria are met. Thus the policy of the company is that subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the items will flow to the entity and the cost of the same can be measured reliably.

When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in the statement of profit and loss as incurred. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipments are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognized net within other income/other expenses in statement of profit and loss.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss, when the asset is derecognized.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed periodically and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

a. Capital work in progress

Assets in the course of construction are capitalized in capital work in progress account. At the point when an asset is capable of operating in the manner intended by management, the cost of construction is transferred to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment. Costs associated with the commissioning of an asset are capitalized when the asset is available for use but incapable of operating at normal levels until the period of commissioning has been completed. Revenue generated from production during the trial period is credited to capital work in progress.

b. Depreciation

Assets in the course of development or construction and freehold land are not depreciated.

Other property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any provision for impairment. Depreciation commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

Depreciation is calculated on the depreciable amount, which is the cost of an asset less its residual value. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost, less estimated residual value, of each asset on a written down value basis over except Computers, office equipment office building and Factory building which has been provided on the basis of Straight-line method over its useful life (as per Schedule II of Companies Act,2013), as follows:

Major inspection and overhaul costs are depreciated over the estimated life of the economic benefit derived from such costs. The carrying amount of the remaining previous overhaul cost is charged to the statement of profit and loss if the next overhaul is undertaken earlier than the previously estimated life of the economic benefit.

When significant spare parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year end and changes in estimates, if any, are accounted for prospectively.

(e) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. The Company currently does not have any intangible assets with indefinite useful life. Intangible assets are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

(f) Financial instruments• Financial Assets:

The company classifies its financial assets as those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and those to be measured at amortized cost.

The Company measures all equity instruments in subsidiaries at cost initially and also on subsequent recognition.

The company measures all quoted equity instruments other than in subsidiaries at fair value on initial and subsequent recognition. Changes in fair value of quoted instruments in equity shares are shown as profit/loss on fair valuation of investments in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Trade Receivables represents receivables for goods sold by the company upto to the end of the financial year. The amounts are generally unsecured and are usually received as per the terms of payment agreed with the customers. The amounts are presented as current assets where receivable is due within 12 months from the reporting date. They are recognized initially and subsequent measured at amortized cost.

The company assesses the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortized cost. Trade receivables are impaired using the lifetime expected credit loss model under simplified approach. The Company uses a provision matrix to determine the impairment loss allowance based on its historically observed default rates over expected life of trade receivables and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the provision for such impairment loss allowance is determined and updated and the same is deducted from Trade Receivables with corresponding charge/credit to profit and loss.

A financial asset is derecognized only when the company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset, or when it has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or when it has transferred the control of the asset.

Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as Non-Current /Long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost or market value on individual investment basis. Non-current investments are considered at cost, unless there is an "other than temporary" decline in value, in which case adequate provision is made for the diminution in the value of investments.

• Financial Liabilities

Borrowings are initially recognized and subsequently measured at amortized cost, net of transaction costs incurred. The transaction costs is amortized over the period of borrowings using the effective interest method in Capital Work in Progress upto the commencement of related plant, property and Equipment and subsequently under finance costs in profit and loss account.

Borrowings are removed from balance sheet when the obligations specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period.

Trade payables represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the company up to the end of the financial year. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid as per the terms of payment agreed with the vendors. The amounts are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognized initially and subsequently measured at amortized cost.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

• Equity

Equity shares are classified as equity.

Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared and dividend distribution tax thereon, being appropriately authorized and no longer at the discretion of the entity on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

(g) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above.

(h) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences if any, to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

Investment income earned on temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowings costs eligible for capitalization.

(i) Impairment of Non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an assets or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a post-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company's CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

(j) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value except scrap and by products which are valued at net realisable value.

Costs incurred in bringing the inventory to its present location and conditions are accounted for as follows:

Stores & Spares: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

Obsolete inventories are identified and written down to net realisable value. Slow moving and defective inventories are identified and provided to net realisable value.

(k) Accounting For Taxes on Income:

Tax expenses comprise of current tax and deferred tax including applicable surcharge and cess.

Current Income tax is computed using the tax effect accounting method, where taxes are accrued in the same period in which the related revenue and expenses arise. A provision is made for income tax annually, based on the tax liability computed, after considering tax allowances and exemptions. Provisions are recorded when it is estimated that a liability due to disallowances or other matters is probable.

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it is become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax is recognized in the statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income. As such, deferred tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income.

Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.

(l) Employee benefit schemes

Short-term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

Post-Employment and Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity and Leave Encashment are considered as defined benefit obligations and are provided for on the basis of third-party actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the Balance Sheet. Every Employee who has completed five years or more of service is entitled to Gratuity on terms not less favorable than the provisions of The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions of the defined benefit obligation are recognized in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Employee benefits in the form of Provident Fund is considered as defined contribution plan and the contributions to Employees' Provident Fund Organization established under The Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1952 is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. The Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds as per local regulations. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid.

(m) Provision for liabilities and charges, Contingent liabilities and contingent assets

The assessments undertaken in recognizing provisions and contingencies have been made in accordance with the applicable Ind AS.

Provisions represent liabilities to the Company for which the amount or timing is uncertain. Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive), as a result of past events, and it is probable that an outflow of resources, that can be reliably estimated, will be required to settle such an obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows to net present value using an appropriate pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Unwinding of the discount is recognized in the statement of profit and loss as a finance cost. Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

Contingent assets are not recognized but disclosed in the financial statements when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

Contingent liabilities are not provided for but are disclosed by way of Notes on Accounts. Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in case of a present obligation from past events (a) when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; (b) when no reliable estimate is possible; (c) unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

(n) Earnings per share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") data for its equity shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit and loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit and loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(o) Investments

Investment in Subsidiary Companies are valued at Original Cost. Investment in NSC and investments in unquoted equity shares are stated at cost. Investment in quoted equity shares are stated at Fair Value through statement of Profit and loss account.

(p) Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method as set out in Ind AS -7 "Statement of Cash Flows", whereby profit / (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

(q) Related Party Transactions:

A related party is a person or entity that is related to the reporting entity preparing its financial statements

a) A person or a close member of that person's family is related to a reporting entity if that person; has control or joint control of the reporting entity; (ii) has significant influence over the reporting entity; or (iii) is a member of the key management personnel of the reporting entity or of a parent of the reporting entity.

(b) An entity is related to a reporting entity if any of the following conditions applies; (i) the entity and the reporting entity are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others); (ii) One entity is an associate or joint venture of the other entity (or an associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the other entity is a member); (iii) Both entities are joint ventures of the same third party; (iv) One entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity; (v) The entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the reporting entity or an entity related to the reporting entity; (vi) The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a); (vii) A person identified in (a) (i) has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity); (viii) The entity, or any member of a group of which it is a part, provides key management personnel services to the reporting entity or to the parent of the reporting entity.

A related party transaction is a transfer of resources, services or obligations between a reporting entity and a related party, regardless of whether a price is charged.

Close members of the family of a person are those family members who may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with the entity.

Compensation includes all employee benefits i.e. all forms of consideration paid, payable or provided by the entity, or on behalf of the entity, in exchange for services rendered to the entity. It also includes such consideration paid on behalf of a parent of the entity in respect of the entity.

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the entity, directly or indirectly, including any director (whether executive or otherwise) of that entity.

Disclosure of related party transactions as required by the accounting standard is furnished in the Notes on Financial Statements.

(r) Current and Non-Current Classification:

The Normal Operating Cycle for the Company has been assumed to be of twelve months for classification of its various assets and liabilities into "Current" and "Non-Current".

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current and non-current classification.

An asset is current when it is (a) expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle; (b) held primarily for the purpose of trading; (c) expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period; (d) Cash and cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when (a) it is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle; (b) it is held primarily for the purpose of trading; (c) it is due to be discharged within twelve months after the reporting period; (d) there is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

(s) LEASE

The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Identification of a lease requires significant judgment. The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate.

The company applies single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short term leases and leases of low- value assets. At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and leases of low value assets.

I. Right of Use Assets

Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. In case of rent deposits carried at rate less than market rate, Initial direct costs of right of use assets includes the difference between present value of the Right of Use Assets and Nominal Amount of the deposit. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets:

II. Lease Liabilities:

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. In calculating the present value, the lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the Company's incremental borrowing rates.

(t) Critical Accounting Judgments, Assumptions and Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty

The preparation of the Standalone Financial Statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are continuously evaluated and are based on management's experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Uncertainty about these

assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

a) Judgements

In the process of applying the Company's accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the standalone financial statements:

(i) Determination of Functional Currency

Currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates ("the functional currency") is Indian Rupee in which the company primarily generates and expends cash. Accordingly, the Management has assessed its functional currency to be Indian Rupee. i.e. Rupees in lakhs.

(ii) Evaluation of Indicators for Impairment of Property, Plant and Equipment

The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires assessment of external factors (significant decline asset's value, significant changes in the technological, market, economic or legal environment, market interest rates etc.) and internal factors (obsolescence or physical damage of an asset, poor economic performance of the asset etc.) which could result in significant change in recoverable amount of the Property, Plant and Equipment.

b) Assumptions and Estimation Uncertainties

Information about estimates and assumptions that have the significant effect on recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses is provided below. Actual results may differ from these estimates

(i) Taxes

Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilized. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

The Company has ' 2173.91 lakhs (P.Y ' 2307.28 lakhs) of tax losses carried forward on which deferred tax asset is created, based on probability that future profits will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be realized.

(ii) Useful lives of Property, Plant and Equipment/Intangible Assets

Property, Plant and Equipment/ Intangible Assets are depreciated/amortised over their estimated useful lives, after taking into account estimated residual value. The useful lives and residual values are based on the Company's historical experience with similar assets and taking into account anticipated technological changes or commercial obsolescence. Management reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of the assets annually in order to determine the amount of depreciation/amortisation to be recorded during any reporting period. The depreciation/amortisation for future periods is revised, if there are significant changes from previous estimates and accordingly, the unamortized/depreciable amount is charged over the remaining useful life of the assets.

(iii) Contingent Liabilities

In the normal course of business, Contingent Liabilities may arise from litigation and other claims against the Group. Potential liabilities that are possible but not probable of crystallizing or are very difficult to quantify reliably are treated as contingent liabilities. Such liabilities are disclosed in the Notes but are not recognized. Potential liabilities that are remote are neither recognized nor disclosed as contingent liability. The management decides whether the matters need to be classified as 'remote', 'possible' or 'probable' based on expert advice, past judgements, experiences etc.

(iv) Evaluation of Indicators for Impairment of Property, Plant and Equipment

The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires assessment of external factors (significant decline in asset's value, economic or legal environment, market interest rates etc.) and internal factors (obsolescence or physical damage of an asset, poor economic performance of the idle assets etc.) which could result in significant change in recoverable amount of the Property, Plant and Equipment and such assessment is based on estimates, future plans as envisaged by the Company.

(v) Provisions

Provisions and liabilities are recognized in the period when it becomes probable that there will be a future outflow of funds resulting from past operations or events and the amount of cash outflow can be reliably estimated. The timing of recognition and quantification of the liability requires the application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances, which can be subject to change. The carrying amounts of provisions and liabilities are reviewed regularly and revised to take account of changing facts and circumstances.