Company Background

Nesco Limited ("Nesco" or "the Company") was incorporated on 15 April 1946, under the Indian Companies Act VII of 1913. The Company is domiciled in India having registered office at Nesco Center, Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai 400063 and listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange of India Limited (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE).

The Company is mainly engaged in the following:

i) Licencing premises in IT park buildings and providing related services.

ii) Licencing premises for exhibitions and providing services to the organisers.

iii) Manufacturing of machines and capital equipment.

iv) Hospitality and catering services

v) Engaged in developing, operating and maintaining various Wayside Amenities across India.

Note 1 - Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

a) Compliance with Ind AS:

These financial statements have been prepared in compliance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind-AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act 2013 (The Act), read together with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended).

These financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of the accounting except for certain financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as stated in the accounting policies set out below. The accounting policies have been applied consistently over all the periods presented in these financial statements.

b) Current/Non-Current Classification:

Any asset or liability is classified as current if it satisfies any of the following conditions: -

i) The asset/liability is expected to be realised/settled in the Company's normal operating cycle.

ii) The asset is intended for sale or consumption.

iii) The asset/liability is held primarily for the purpose of trading.

iv) The asset/liability is expected to be realised/settled within twelve months after the reporting period.

v) The asset is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting cycle.

vi) In the case of a liability, the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting cycle.

All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.

For the purpose of current/non-current classification of assets and liabilities, the Company has ascertained its normal operating cycle as twelve months. This is based on the nature of services and the time between the acquisition of assets or inventories for processing their realisation in cash and cash equivalents.

c) Functional and Presentation Currency:

The Financial Statements are presented in Indian rupees which is the functional currency for the Company. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions are recognised in profit or loss. Foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of profit and loss on a net basis.

d) Rounding of Amounts:

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest lakhs as per the requirement of schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

Note 2- Material Accounting Policies

a) Property, Plant and Equipment:

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of Property, Plant and Equipment are carried at the historical cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses if any. The cost of Property, Plant and Equipment comprises of its purchase price, including import duties and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Subsequent recognition is done in assets carrying amount or as a separate asset only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Profit or Loss on disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. All other repairs and maintenance expenses are charged to profit or loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Expenses incurred on property, plant and equipment, net of income earned during the under-development stage prior to its intended use, are disclosed under Capital Work-inprogress.

b) Investment Property:

Investment properties are properties that are held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation and not occupied by the Company for its own use. Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs and net of recoverable taxes. The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs if recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful

lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Investment properties are derecognized either when they have been disposed of or when they are being occupied by the Company for its own use or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss in the period of de-recognition.

c) Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value:

Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment and Investment Property is provided using the Straight-Line Method based on the useful life of the assets as estimated by the management and is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as per the requirement of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. The estimate of the useful life of the assets has been assessed based on technical advice which considered the nature of the asset, the usage of the asset, expected physical wear and tear, the operating conditions of the asset, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers warranties and maintenance support, etc. The estimated useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment is mentioned below:

Freehold land is not depreciated. Leasehold land and Leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of the lease. Depreciation Methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate.

d) Non-Current Assets held for sale:

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use of the assets and actions required to complete such sale indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan to sell will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Also, such assets are classified as held for sale only if the management expects to complete the sale within one year from the date of classification.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less cost to sell. Non-current assets are not depreciated or amortised.

e) Intangible assets:

Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment, if any. Amortization is done over their estimated useful life on straight line basis from the date that they are available for intended use, subjected to impairment test. Purchase cost and consultancy fees for major software are amortized over the useful life of the software. Software, which is not an integral part of the related hardware is classified as an intangible asset and is amortized over the useful life of 6 years.

f) Impairment of Assets:

At each balance sheet date, the Company's carrying amount of assets are reviewed to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. If any such impairment exists, the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to determine the extent of impairment, if any.

g) Inventories:

Raw materials, work in progress, stores and spares and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished goods in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by item basis.

In determining the cost of raw materials, packing material and stores and spares, weighted average method is used.

Cost of work in progress and finished goods comprises direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate share of manufacturing overheads.

Cost of Inventories comprises of costs of purchase, cost of conversion, duties and taxes (other than those refundable), inward freight and all other costs incurred in bringing them to their respective present location and condition.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

h) Financial Instruments:

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

1. Investments and other Financial Assets:

(i) Classification:

The Company classifies its financial assets in following measurement categories:

• those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss) and

• those measured at amortised cost.

The classification depends on entity's business model for managing financial assets and the contractual terms of cash flow.

(ii) Initial recognition and measurement:

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at fair value, plus in case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit and loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transactions costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit and loss are expensed in profit or loss.

(iii) Financial Assets measured at amortised cost:

Financial assets are measured at amortised cost when asset is held within a business model, whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows and contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest. Such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. A gain or loss on such an instrument is recognised in profit or loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using effective interest method. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iv) Financial Assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI):

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value initially as well as at each reporting date through other comprehensive income. Fair value movements in the carrying amount are recognized in the other comprehensive income, except for the recognition of impairment of gains and losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gain or loss which are recognised in profit and loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss

and recognised in other gains/(losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method.

(v) Financial Assets measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL):

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVTOCI are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value through profit or loss as other income. Income from these financial assets is included in other income.

(vi) Investment in Subsidiary and Associates:

Investment in equity instruments of Subsidiaries and Associates are measured at cost in accordance with the option available in Ind AS 27, "Separate Financial Statements”.

Investment insubsidiaryand associate companies are reviewed for impairment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amount may not be recoverable. Such circumstances include, though are not limited to, significant or sustained decline in revenues or earnings and material adverse changes in economic environment.

(vii) Investment in Equity Instruments:

Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. All other equity instruments are classified as FVTOCI.

Fair value changes in case of the equity instruments classified as FVTOCI are recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income. There is no subsequent reclassification of gains and losses from other comprehensive income to profit or loss.

Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in other gains/(losses) in the statement of profit and loss. Dividend from such investments is recognised in profit and loss as other income when the Company's right to receive payments is established. Impairment loss (and reversal of impairment loss) on equity instruments measured at FVTOCI are not accounted separately from other changes in fair value.

(viii) Investment in Debt Instruments:

A debt instrument is measured at amortised cost or at FVTPL. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(ix) Impairment of Financial Assets:

The Company recognizes loss allowances using the Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognised is recognized as an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss.

(x) De-recognition of Financial Assets:

A financial asset is primarily derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset.

A financial asset is derecognised only when the Company -

• has transferred the right to receive cash flows from the financial asset or

• retains contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients or

• does not retain the control of the financial asset or

• does not have continuing involvement in the financial asset.

When the Company has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of financial assets. In such cases, financial asset is derecognised. When the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised.

(xi) Income recognition:

Interest income from debt instruments is recognised using effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset. When computing effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instruments.

Dividends are recognised in profit and loss only when the right to receive payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.

2. Financial Liabilities:

i) Classification:

The Company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost, except for financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

ii) Initial recognition and measurement:

All financial liabilities that are classified as to be subsequently measured not at Fair value through Profit and Loss (FVTPL), are recognised initially at fair value, being transaction price net of directly attributable transaction costs. Financial liabilities include trade and other payables, security deposits etc.

iii) Subsequent measurement:

All Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

iv) De-recognition of Financial Liabilities:

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

3. Offsetting Financial Instruments:

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

i) Provisions and Contingencies:

A provision is recognised, if as a result of a past event the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are measured at the present value of the management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is the pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.

Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are not recognised but disclosed in the Financial Statements when economic inflow is probable.

j) Segment Reporting:

Operating segments have been identified on the basis of the nature of business activities from which the Company earns revenues or incurs expenses and for which discrete financial information is available. The Management monitors the operating results of its business segments for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the financial statements. The Operating segments have been identified on the basis of the nature of products/services.

1. Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/allocable to the segment including inter-segment revenue.

2. Expenses that are directly identifiable with/or allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which relate the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments are included in un-allocable expenditure.

3. Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in unallocable income.

4. Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Unallocable assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker.

k) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. The Company recognises revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and specific criteria have been met for each of the Company's activities as described below.

Recognition of revenue from major business activities:

1. Revenue from Industrial Capital Goods Division operations includes sale of manufactured machines and capital equipment, engineering fees, services and other charges. Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the control on the goods have been transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the contracts and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consideration that will be derived from the sale of goods.

2. Revenue from Bombay Exhibition Center operations includes income from renting of halls for exhibitions, events and providing other related services to the organisers. Revenue from such renting activity and the

related services is recognised in the accounting period in which the event occurs.

3. Revenue from IT Park operations includes income of renting of office space in IT park and providing related services to IT/ITES companies.

4. Revenue from Nesco foods includes catering at the Social/Corporate Events, running food court at exhibition centre and operations at restaurants. Revenue from such activity is recognised in the accounting period in which services are rendered.

5. Interest income is recognised using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method and dividend income is recognised when the right to receive the payment is established.

l) Income tax:

Income tax expense comprises current tax and deferred tax. It is recognised in statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

1. Current tax:

Current tax comprises of the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of the previous years. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if, the Company:

• has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts; and

• Intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

2. Deferred tax:

Deferred tax is recognized for the future tax consequences of deductible temporary differences between the carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases at the reporting date, using the tax rates and laws that are enacted or substantively enacted as on reporting date. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and credits can be utilised. Deferred tax relating to items recognised in other comprehensive income and directly in equity is recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if:

• Entity has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and

• Deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to the income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.

m) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, Balances with Banks, other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.

n) Trade Receivables:

Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and receivable in normal operating cycle. Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value (that is transaction price on initial recognition) and subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method, less provision for impairment.

o) Leases

The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of license for land for office premises. The Company, at the inception of a contract, assesses whether the contract is a lease or not lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a time in exchange for a consideration. This policy has been applied to contracts existing and entered into on or after 01 April 2020.

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company's estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets (assets of less than H 1,00,000 in value). The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense over the lease term.

Leases as lessor

When the Company acts as a lessor, it determines at lease inception whether each lease is a finance lease or an operating lease. To classify each lease, the Company makes an overall assessment of whether the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset. If this is the case, then the lease is a finance lease; if not, then it is an operating lease. As part of this assessment, the Company considers certain indicators such as whether the lease is for a major part of the economic life of the asset. When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sub-lease separately. It assesses the lease classification of a sub-lease with reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease, not with reference to the underlying asset. If a head lease is a short-term lease to which the Company applies the exemption described above, then it classifies the sub-lease as an operating lease. The Company recognises lease payments received under operating leases as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term as part of 'revenue from operation’.

p) Earnings Per Share:

Basic Earnings per share is calculated by dividing:

• the profit attributable to owners of the Company

• by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year

q) Employee Benefits:

1. Short term obligations:

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as shortterm employee benefits and they are recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service. The Company recognizes the undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for services rendered as a liability (accrued expense) after deducting any amount already paid.

2. Other long term employee obligations:

Entitlements to annual leave are recognized when they accrue to employees. Annual leave can either be availed during the year or carried forward subject to maximum 42 days of accumulation. Accumulated leave can be encashed at the time of separation or retirement subject to maximum of 30 days. The Company determines the liability for such accumulated leaves using the Projected Unit Credit method with

actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date.

3. Post-employment obligations:

The Company operates the following postemployment schemes.

i) Defined benefit plans (gratuity):

The Company has unfunded defined benefit gratuity plan for employees.

Recognition and measurement of Defined Benefit plans:

The cost of providing defined benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method with actuarial valuations being carried out at each reporting date. The defined benefit obligations recognized in the Balance Sheet represent the present value of the defined benefit obligations.

All expenses represented by current service cost, past service cost, if any and net interest on the defined benefit liability/(asset) are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability/(asset) comprising actuarial gains and losses are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income. Such re-measurements are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the subsequent periods.

The Company presents the above liability/ (asset) as current and non-current in the Balance Sheet as per actuarial valuation by the independent actuary.

ii) Defined contribution plans such as provident fund:

The Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds as per local regulations. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expenses when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.

r) Proposed Dividend:

The final dividend recommended by the Board of Directors is accounted in the financial year in which it is approved by the shareholders in the Annual General Meeting.

s) Recent Accounting pronouncements:

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those followed in the preparation of the Company's annual financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2024. Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended 31 March 2025, MCA has notified Ind AS - 117 Insurance Contracts and amendments to Ind AS 116 - Leases, relating to sale and leaseback transactions, applicable to the Company w.e.f. 01 April 2024. The Company has reviewed the new pronouncements and based on its evaluation has determined that it does not have any significant impact in its financial statements.

Note 3- Key Accounting Estimates and Judgements:

The preparation of the Company's financial statements requires the management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgement or complexity and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgements is included in relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.

Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below:

a) Income Taxes:

The Company's tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions.

b) Property, Plant and Equipment and Investment Property:

Property, Plant and Equipment and Investment Property represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset's expected

useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company's assets are determined by the management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technical or commercial obsolescence arising from changes or improvements in production or from a change in market demand of the product or service output of the asset.

c) Defined Benefit Obligation:

The costs of providing other post-employment benefits are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in accordance with Ind AS 19 'Employee benefits’ over the period during which benefit is derived from the employees' services. The

costs are assessed since assumptions selected by the management. These assumptions include salary escalation rate, discount rates, expected rate of return on assets and mortality rates.

d) Fair value measurement of Financial Instruments:

When the fair values of financials assets and financial liabilities recorded in the Balance Sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involve various judgements and assumptions.