NOTE 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES_1.1 NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Oberoi Realty Limited (the 'Company' or 'ORL'), a public limited company is incorporated in India under provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. The Company is engaged primarily in the business of real estate development and hospitality.

The Company is headquartered in Mumbai, India. The shares of the Company are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. Its registered office is situated at Commerz, 3^rd Floor, International Business Park, Oberoi Garden City, Off Western Express Highway, Goregaon (East), Mumbai- 400 063. (CIN : L45200MH1998PLC114818)

The standalone Ind AS financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2025 were approved for issue by the Board of Directors on April 28, 2025.

1.2 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES1.2.1 Basis of preparation

The standalone Ind AS financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015 (as amended) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

The standalone Ind AS financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.

The standalone Ind AS financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee ("INR") and all values are presented in INR Lakh and rounded off to the extent of 2 decimals, except when otherwise indicated.

1.2.2 Current/non-current classification

The Company as required by Ind AS 1 presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current/non-current classification.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The Company's normal operating cycle in respect of operations relating to the construction of real estate projects may vary from project to project depending upon the size of the project, type of development, project complexities and related approvals. Operating cycle for all completed projects and hospitality business is based on 12 months period. Assets and liabilities have been classified into current and non-current based on their respective operating cycle.

1.2.3 Business Combination

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred measured at acquisition date fair value and the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired, and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their acquisition date fair values. For this purpose, the liabilities assumed include contingent liabilities representing present obligation and they are measured at their acquisition fair values irrespective of the fact that outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is not probable. However, the following assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination are measured at the basis indicated below:

• Deferred tax assets or liabilities, and the assets or liabilities related to employee benefit arrangements are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 12 Income Tax and Ind AS 19 Employee Benefits respectively.

• Potential tax effects of temporary differences and carry forwards of an acquiree that exist at the acquisition date or arise as a result of the acquisition are accounted in accordance with Ind AS 12.

• Liabilities or equity instruments related to share based payment arrangements of the acquiree or share-based payments arrangements of the Group entered into to replace share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree are measured in accordance with Ind AS 102 Share-based Payments at the acquisition date.

• Assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with Ind AS 105 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations are measured in accordance with that standard.

Business combinations under common control are accounted in accordance with Appendix C of IND AS 103 as per the pooling of interest method and the Ind AS Transition Facilitation Group Clarification Bulletin 9 (ITFG 9). ITFG 9 clarifies

that, the carrying values of assets and liabilities as appearing in the standalone financial statements of the entities being combined shall be recognised by the combined entity.

1.2.4 Foreign currencies

(i) Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the functional currency (Indian Rupee) by applying to the foreign currency amount, the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency on the date of the transaction.

(ii) Conversion

All monetary items outstanding at year end denominated in foreign currency are converted into Indian Rupees at the reporting date exchange rate. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

(iii) Exchange differences

The exchange differences arising on such conversion and on settlement of the transactions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.2.5 Property, plant and equipment (PPE)

(i) Recognition and initial measurement

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any.

Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable/allocable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. The cost also includes direct cost and other related incidental expenses. Revenue earned, if any, during trial run of assets is adjusted against cost of the assets. Cost also includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment.

Borrowing costs relating to acquisition/construction/development of PPE, which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

When significant components of property and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, recognition is made for such replacement of components as individual assets with specific useful life and depreciation, if these components are initially recognised as separate asset. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

(ii) Subsequent measurement (depreciation and useful lives)

Depreciation is provided from the date the assets are ready to use, on straight line basis as per the useful life of the assets as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

The carrying amount of PPE is reviewed periodically for impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of assets exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use.

(iii) De-recognition

PPE are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of de-recognition.

1.2.6 Intangible assets

(i) Recognition and initial measurement

Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the acquisition price, development cost and any attributable/allocable incidental cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

(ii) Subsequent measurement (amortisation)

All intangible assets with finite useful life are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful lives.

The carrying amount of intangible asset is reviewed periodically for impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use.

Gain or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

1.2.7 Investment properties

(i) Recognition and initial measurement

Investment properties are properties held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation, or both. Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing cost if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

(ii) Subsequent measurement (depreciation and useful lives)

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company.

Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer who holds a recognised and relevant professional qualification and has experience in the category of the investment property being valued.

Investment Properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any, subsequently. Depreciation is provided from the date the assets are ready to use, on straight line method as per the useful life of the assets as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

For above classes of assets, based on internal assessment, the management believes that the useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.

The carrying amount of investment properties is reviewed periodically for impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of assets exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use.

When significant components of investment properties are required to be replaced at intervals, recognition is made for such replacement of components as individual assets with specific useful life and depreciation, if these components are initially recognised as separate asset. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

(iii) De-recognition

Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of de-recognition.

1.2.8 Capital work in progress

Capital work in progress is stated at cost less impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises of expenditures incurred in respect of capital projects under development and includes any attributable/allocable cost and other incidental expenses. Revenues earned, if any, from such capital project before capitalisation are adjusted against the capital work in progress.

1.2.9 Revenue recognition

(i) Revenue from contracts with customer

Revenue from contracts with customer is recognised, when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer, at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. The Company concluded that it is acting as a principal in all of its revenue arrangements. The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised.

Revenue is recognised as follows:

(a) Revenue from real estate projects

The Company recognises revenue, on execution of agreement or letter of allotment and when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer, at an amount that reflects the consideration (i.e. the transaction price) to which the Company is expected to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services excluding any amount received on behalf of third party (such as indirect taxes). An asset created by the Company's performance does not have an alternate use and as per the terms of the contract, the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed till date. Hence the Company transfers control of a good or service over time and, therefore, satisfies a performance obligation and recognises revenue over time. The Company recognises revenue at the transaction price (net of transaction costs) which is determined on the basis of agreement or letter of allotment entered into with the customer. The Company recognises revenue for performance obligation satisfied over time only if it can reasonably measure its progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. The Company would not be able to reasonably measure its progress towards complete satisfaction of a performance obligation if it lacks reliable information that would be required to apply an appropriate method of measuring progress. In those circumstances, the Company recognises revenue only to the extent of cost incurred until it can reasonably measure outcome of the performance obligation.

For the arrangements with the customers where the transfer of control for goods or services does not take place over a period of time, revenue is recognised at a point in time at which the performance obligation is satisfied which generally coincides with receipt of substantial payment from the customer and offer for possession.

The Company uses cost based input method for measuring progress for performance obligation satisfied over time. Under this method, the Company recognises revenue in proportion to the actual project cost incurred (excluding land and finance cost) as against the total estimated project cost (excluding land and finance cost).

In a Joint development arrangement (JDA) wherein the land owner provides land and in lieu the Company transfers certain percentage of constructed area, the revenue is recognised over time using cost based input method of percentage of completion. Project costs include fair value of such land received and this fair value is accounted for on launch of the project.

The management reviews and revises its measure of progress periodically and are considered as change in estimates and accordingly, the effect of such changes in estimates is recognised prospectively in the period in which such changes are determined.

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.

A receivable represents the Company's right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). Refer to accounting policies of financial assets in note 1.2.11 Financial instruments - initial recognition and subsequent measurement.

(b) Revenue from hospitality business

Revenue comprises sale of rooms, food and beverages and allied services relating to hotel operations. Revenue is recognised upon rendering of the service, provided pervasive evidence of an arrangement exists, tariff/rates are fixed or are determinable and collectability is reasonably certain. Revenue from sales of goods or rendering of services is net of indirect taxes, returns and discounts.

(ii) Revenue from lease rentals and related income

Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis over the non-cancellable lease term, unless there is another systematic basis which is more representative of the time pattern of the lease. Revenue from lease rentals is disclosed net of indirect taxes, if any.

Revenue from property management service is recognised at value of service and is disclosed net of indirect taxes, if any.

(iii) Interest income

Interest income is recognised as it accrues using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Interest income is included in other income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

When calculating the EIR, the Company estimates the expected cash flow by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses.

(iv) Dividend income

Revenue is recognised when the Company's right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(v) Other income

Other incomes are accounted on accrual basis, except interest on delayed payment by trade receivables and liquidated damages which are accounted on acceptance of the Company's claim.

(vi) Government Grant

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

1.2.10 Leases

The determination of whether a contract is (or contains) a lease arrangement is based on the substance of the contract at the inception of the arrangement. The contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract provide lessee, the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. A lessee does not have the right to use an identified asset if, at inception of the contract, a lessor has a substantive right to substitute the asset throughout the period of use.

The Company accounts for the lease arrangement as follows:

(i) Where the Company is the lessee

The Company applies single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short term leases and leases of low value assets. On the commencement of the lease, the Company, in its Balance Sheet, recognises the right of use asset at cost and lease liability at present value of the non-cancellable lease payments to be made over the lease term.

Subsequently, the right of use asset are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment loss. Lease liability are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The lease payment made, are apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of lease liability, and are recognised as expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Lease deposits given are a financial asset and are measured at amortised cost under Ind AS 109 since it satisfies Solely Payment of Principal and Interest (SPPI) condition. The difference between the present value and the nominal value of deposit is considered as prepaid rent and recognised over the non-cancellable lease term. Unwindi ng of discount is treated as finance income and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(ii) Where the Company is the lessor

The lessor needs to classify its leases as either an operating lease or a finance lease. Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as operating lease. The Company has only operating lease and accounts the same as follows:

Assets given under operating leases are included in investment properties. Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis over the non-cancellable lease term, unless there is another systematic basis which is more representative of the time pattern of the lease.

Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the non-cancellable lease term on the same basis as rental income.

Lease deposits received are financial instruments (financial liability) and are measured at fair value on in itial recognition. The difference between the fair value and the nominal value of deposits is considered as rent in advance and recognised over the non-cancellable lease term on a straight line basis. Unwinding of discount is treated as interest expense (finance cost) for deposits received and is accrued as per the EIR method.

1.2.11 Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts or payments over the expected life of the financial instruments or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or liability.

(a) Initial measurement

Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Trade receivables are initially recorded at transaction value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets (other than financial assets at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset.

(b) Subsequent measurement

i. Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are measured at the amortised cost, if both of the following criteria are met:

a. These assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows; and

b. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are SPPI on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

ii. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Financial assets are classified as FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

a. These assets are held within a business model whose objective is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets; and

b. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are SPPI on the principal amount outstanding.

Fair value movements are recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Any financial assets, which do not meet the criteria for categorisation as at amortised cost or as FVTOCI, are classified as FVTPL. Gain or losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv. Equity instruments

Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination are classified as FVTPL, and measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) De-recognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for de-recognition.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

The Company follows 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on:

i. Trade receivables; and

ii. All lease receivables resulting from transactions within the scope of Ind AS 116.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime Expected Credit Loss (ECL) at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the Company reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e. all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR.

(ii) Financial liabilities

(a) Initial measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings and financial guarantee contracts.

(b) Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intercompany loans not repayable on demand are discounted to its present value using incremental borrowing rate applicable to the borrower entity. The difference between the carrying value of the loan and its present value is accounted based on the relationship with the borrower for e.g. in case of subsidiary, the difference is shown as further equity infusion in the subsidiary. The unwinding of discount from the date of loan to the transition date is shown as an income and recognised in "Retained Earnings" of the Lender.

(c) Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss

allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation.

(d) De-recognition

A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognised from the Company's financial statement when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(e) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the financial statement if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(iii) Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

(a) In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

(b) In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs:

(a) Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

(b) Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

(c) Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

1.2.12 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the financial statement comprise cash at banks and on hand, demand deposit and short-term deposits, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

1.2.13 Income taxes

(i) Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be refunded from or paid to the taxation authorities using the tax rates and tax laws that are in force at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss is recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss (either in Other Comprehensive Income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:

(a) When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss and does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences.

(b) I n respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the relevant entity intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss is recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss. Such deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using substantively enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be received or settled.

1.2.14 Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each reporting date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's fair value less cost of disposals and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for the Company Cash Generating Unit's (CGU) to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of 5 years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the 5^th year.

Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognised impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a chan ge in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is lim ited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

1.2.15 Inventories

(i) Construction materials and consumables

The construction materials and consumables are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. The construction materials and consumables purchased for construction work issued to construction are treated as consumed.

(ii) Construction work in progress

The construction work in progress is valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost includes cost of land, development rights, rates and taxes, construction costs, borrowing costs, other direct expenditure, allocated overheads and other incidental expenses.

(iii) Finished stock of completed projects

Finished stock of completed projects and stock in trade of units is valued at lower of cost or net realisable value.

(iv) Food and beverages

Stock of food and beverages are valued at lower of cost (computed on a moving weighted average basis, net of taxes) or net realisable value. Cost includes all expenses incurred in bringing the goods to their present location and condition.

(v) Hospitality related operating supplies

Hospitality related operating supplies are valued at lower of cost (computed on a moving weighted average basis, net of taxes) or net realizable value and are expensed as and when purchased.

1.2.16 Provisions and contingent liabilities

(i) A provision is recognised when:

(a) The Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event;

(b) It is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the

obligation; and

(c) A reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

(ii) If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

(iii) A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may,

but probably may not, require an outflow of resources. A contingent liability also arises in extreme cases where there is a probable liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably.

(iv) Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation such that the likelihood of outflow of resources is

remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

1.2.17 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition/construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of their costs.

Borrowing costs are considered as part of the asset cost when the activities that are necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use or sale are in progress.

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense, in the period in which they are incurred.

Borrowing costs on real-estate projects where revenue is recognised on percentage of completion basis, the company excludes such borrowing costs relating to the post-launch period from its estimates of the balance cost to completion, and the same is recognised as finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.2.18 Segment reporting

Based on the "management approach" as defined in Ind AS 108 Operating Segments, the Chairman and Managing Director/Chief Financial Officer evaluates the Company's performance based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segment. Segment revenue and expense include amounts which can be directly attributable to the segment and allocable on reasonable basis. Segment assets and liabilities are assets/liabilities which are directly attributable to the segment or can be allocated on a reasonable basis. Income/expenses/assets/liabilities relating to the enterprise as a whole and not allocable on a reasonable basis to business segments are reflected as unallocated income/expenses/assets/liabilities.

1.2.19 Employee benefits

(i) Defined contribution plans

Retirement benefits in the form of contribution to provident fund and pension fund are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss when an employee renders the related services.

(ii) Defined benefit plans

Gratuity is in the nature of a defined benefit plan.

Provision for gratuity is calculated on the basis of actuarial valuations carried out at the reporting date and is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. The actuarial valuation is computed using the projected unit credit method.

Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the financial statement with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

(iii) Other employee benefits

Leave encashment is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when they accrue. The Company determines the liability using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations carried out as at the reporting date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Other Comprehensive Income.

1.2.20 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit/(loss) for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit/(loss) for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average numbers of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

1.3 USE OF JUDGEMENTS AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of standalone Ind AS financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the reporting date. However, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of the asset or liability affected in future periods.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. Any revision to accounting estimates and assumptions are recognised prospectively i.e. recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and future periods affected.

1.3.1 Significant management judgements

The following are significant management judgements in applying the accounting policies of the Company that have a significant effect on the financial statements:

(i) Revenue recognition from sale of in progress premises

Revenue is recognised only when the Company can measure its progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. The measurement of progress is estimated by reference to the stage of the projects determined based on the proportion of costs incurred to date (excluding land and finance cost) and the total estimated costs to complete (excluding land and finance cost).

(ii) Classification of property

The Company determines whether a property is classified as investment property or as inventory:

(a) I nvestment property comprises land and buildings that are not occupied for use by, or in the operations of, the Company, nor for sale in the ordinary course of business, but are held primarily to earn rental income and capital appreciation. These buildings are rented to tenants and are not intended to be sold in the ordinary course of business.

(b) I nventory comprises property that is held for sale in the ordinary course of business. Principally these are properties that the Company develops and intends to sell before or on completion of construction.

(iii) Operating lease contracts - the Company as lessor

The Company has entered into leases of its investment properties. The Company has determined based on an evaluation of the terms and conditions of the arrangements, that it retains all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of these properties and so accounts for the leases as operating leases.

(iv) Recognition of deferred tax assets

The extent to which deferred tax assets can be recognised is based on an assessment of the probability of the Company's future taxable income against which the deferred tax assets can be utilised. In addition, significant judgement is required in assessing the impact of any legal or economic limits or uncertainties in tax jurisdictions.

1.3.2 Estimates and assumptions

(i) Classification of assets and liabilities into current and non-current

The management classifies the assets and liabilities into current and non-current categories based on the operating cycle of the respective business/projects.

(ii) Impairment of assets

In assessing impairment, management estimates the recoverable amounts of each asset or CGU (in case of non-financial assets) based on expected future cash flows and uses an estimated interest rate to discount them. Estimation relates to assumptions about future cash flows and the determination of a suitable discount rate.

(iii) Useful lives of depreciable/amortisable assets (Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investment property)

Management reviews its estimate of the useful lives of depreciable/amortisable assets at each reporting date, based on the expected usage of the assets. Uncertainties in these estimates relate to technical and economic obsolescence that may change the usage of certain assets.

(iv) Inventories

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realisable value (NRV).

NRV for completed inventory property is assessed including but not lim ited to market conditions and prices existing at the reporting date and is determined by the Company based on net amount that it expects to realise from the sale of inventory in the ordinary course of business.

NRV in respect of inventories under construction is assessed with reference to market prices (reference to the recent selling prices) at the reporting date less estimated costs to complete the construction, and estimated cost necessary to make the sale. The costs to complete the construction are estimated by management.

(v) Defined benefit obligation (DBO)

The cost of defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation along with leave salary are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions such as standard rates of inflation, mortality, discount rate, attrition rates and anticipation of future salary increases. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

(vi) Fair value measurements

Management applies valuation techniques to determine the fair value of financial instruments (where active market quotes are not available) and non-financial assets. This involves developing estimates and assumptions consistent with how market participants would price the instrument/assets. Management bases its assumptions on observable data as far as possible but this may not always be available. In that case Management uses the best relevant information available. Estimated fair values may vary from the actual prices that would be achieved in an arm's length transaction at the reporting date.