1. Corporate information

Orissa Bengal Carrier Limited is a public company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act,1956. The company is engaged in Transportation activities. The Company got listed with BSE Limited on SME platform on April 05, 2018 and migrated to Main Board of BSE & NSE Limited on dt. 07.04.2022.

2. Basis of preparation

a) Statement of compliance:

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) as prescribed by Ministry of Corporate Affairs pursuant to Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act”), read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended), other relevant provisions of the Act and other accounting principles generally accepted in India.

b) Basis of Preparation:

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost convention, except for followings:-

a) Certain financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value as required under relevant Ind AS

b) Defined Benefit Plans - plan assets measured at fair value

c) Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the company’s standalone financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

d) Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

i. Taxes

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

ii. Employee benefit plans

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan, other post-employment benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

iii. Contingencies

Contingent liabilities may arise from the ordinary course of business in relation to claims against the Company, including legal, contractor and other claims. By their nature, contingencies will be resolved only when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence, and potential quantum, of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgement and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events.

iv. Property Plant and Equipment

Useful lives and residual values are determined by the management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed at each financial year end. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technical or commercial obsolescence arising from changes or improvements in production or from a change in market demand of the product or service output of the asset.

3. Significant accounting policies

3.1 Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

? Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

? Held primarily for the purpose of trading

? Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

? Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

? It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

? It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

? It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

? There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

3.2 Property, Plant & Equipment

Recognition and initial measurement

Property, plant and equipment are stated at their cost of acquisition. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing cost if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discount and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company.

All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in statement of profit or loss as incurred.

Subsequent measurement (depreciation and useful lives)

Property, plant and equipment are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any.

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment has been provided using written down value method using rates determined based on management’s assessment of useful economic lives of the asset.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Derecognition:

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is de-recognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognized in the statement of profit and loss, when the asset is de-recognized.

Capital work-in-progress (CWIP)

Cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for use as at the reporting date are disclosed as capital work-in progress. Intangible Assets

Recognition and initial measurement

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost.

Subsequent measurement (amortization and useful lives)

Following initial recognition, Intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortised on a WDV basis over their estimated useful lives. The amortization period, residual value and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortisation period is changed accordingly.

Intangibles with indefinite useful lives are not amortised but tested for impairment by comparing its recoverable amount with its carrying amount- annually and,

- whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired."

Amortization on software is charged on straight line method taking the useful life of the same as three years from the month of acquisition.

3.3 Impairment of non-financial assets

At each reporting date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its non-financial assets to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication of impairment exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. For impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or cash generating units (CGUs).

The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

3.4 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities And Contingent Assets

Provisions:

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost in respective expense.

Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

3.5 Income tax Current tax:

Provision for current tax is made as per the provisions Sec 115BAA of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate."

Deferred tax:

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxation authority.

3.6 Employee Benefits

Short-term Employee Benefits:

Employee benefit liabilities such as salaries, wages and bonus, etc. that are expected to be settled wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees’ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at an undiscounted amount expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.

Post-employment benefit plans:

Defined Contribution Plans:

State governed Provident Fund Scheme and Employees State Insurance Scheme are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid / payable under the schemes is recognised during the period in which the employees render the related services.

Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan.

The Company has defined benefit plan namely, Gratuity. The Company has also taken policy for all employees, except workers, with Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) to meet its obligation towards gratuity. Any differential between the fund amount as per LIC and the actuarial calculation is charged to revenue.

The Company net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the company, the recognised asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan (‘the asset ceiling’). In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised in other comprehensive income (OCI). The Company determines the net interest expense / (income) on the net defined benefit liability / (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability / (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability / (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service ('past service cost' or 'past service gain') or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

3.7 Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

? In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

? In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible to/ by the Company.

Fair value hierarchy

All financial instruments for which fair value is recognised or disclosed are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole;

Level 1: quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that has a significant effect on the fair value measurement are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: valuation techniques for which the lowest level input which has a significant effect on the fair value measurement is not based on observable market data.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

3.8 Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

a) Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

? Debt instruments at amortised cost - The Company has cash & cash equivalents, loans and trade receivables classified within this category.

? Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) - The Company does not have any financial asset classified in this category.

? Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) - The Company has Investments in equity instruments classified in this category.

? Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) - The Company does not have any financial asset classified in this category.

Debt instruments at amortised cost

A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation and losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit & Loss. The amortised cost of the financial asset is also adjusted for loss allowance, if any.

Debt instrument at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.

In addition, the company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ‘accounting mismatch’). Company has not designated any such debt instrument as at FVTPL.

Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss.

Equity investments at FVTPL

All equity investments in scope of Ind-AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments held by company are classified as at FVTPL. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with IndAS 109, the company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g. Loans and trade receivables.

The company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

b) Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

All financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value deducted by, in the case of financial liabilities not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the liability.

Subsequent measurement

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The Company’s financial liabilities include trade payables, borrowings and other financial liabilities.

Under the effective interest method, the future cash payments are exactly discounted to the initial recognition value using the effective interest rate. The cumulative amortization using the effective interest method of the difference between the initial recognition amount and the maturity amount is added to the initial recognition value (net of principal repayments, if any) of the financial liability over the relevant period of the financial liability to arrive at the amortized cost at each reporting date. The corresponding effect of the amortization under effective interest method is recognized as expense over the relevant period of the financial liability in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition:

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the Derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the Balance Sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

3.9 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

3.10 Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognised based to the extent it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the company and revenue can be reliably measured regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excludes taxes & duties collected on behalf of the Government and is reduced for deductions, penalties and rebates or similar allowances deducted by customers.

Freight services

Freight income is accounted for on actual delivery of consignments by the Company to the customers and unqualified acknowledgements are obtained from them. Generally, the contracts are Fixed-price, thus the associated costs can be reliably measured. Freight and Vehicle Trip Expenses are accounted when vehicles deliver the consignments to the Company at destination. However, withholding taxes (TDS, TCS etc) are accounted for on receipt of corresponding payment or information of such deductions, whichever is earlier.

Loading & Unloading Charges

Revenue from loading and unloading charges is recognized when the related service is rendered to the customer and control over the service is transferred, in accordance with Ind AS 115. The income is recognized at the point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied, i.e., upon completion of the loading/unloading activity, and it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the entity and the amount of revenue can be reliably measured.

Interest income

Interest income on financial asset is recognised using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset.

Other Income

Other items of income are accounted as and when the right to receive such income arises and it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the amount of income can be measured reliably.

3.11 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed using the net profit for the year attributable to the shareholders’ and weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share is computed using the net profit for the year attributable to the shareholders’ and weighted average number of equity shares.

3.12 Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a noncash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

3.13 Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The board of directors of the Company has been identified as being the chief operating decision maker by the Management of the company.

3.14 Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded by the Company entities at their respective functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the reporting date.

Non Monetary asset and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined. Non monetary assets and liabilities that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in the statement of profit and loss with the exception that the exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings included in the borrowing cost when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings;

3.15 Borrowing Cost

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets up to the assets are substantially ready for their intended use. The loan origination costs directly attributable to the acquisition of borrowings (e.g. loan processing fee, upfront fee) are amortised in the year in which they occur.

Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. All other borrowing costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred.