31. Employee benefits
a)Description of the type of the plan Defined Benefit Plan - Gratuity
The Company operates gratuity plan wherein every employee is entitled to the benefit equivalent to 15 days of total basic salary last drawn for each completed year of service. Gratuity is payable to all eligible employees of the Company on retirement, separation, death or permanent disablement, in terms of the provisions of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972.
Post-Employment Benefits plan typically expose the Company to actuarial risks such as: Salary increase, Discount rate, Morality and Disability and withdrawals
a) Salary Increases:- Actual salary increases will increase the Plan’s liability. Increase in salary increase rate assumption in future valuations will also increase the liability.
b) Discount Rate:- Reduction in discount rate in subsequent valuations can increase the plan’s liability.
c) Mortality & disability:- Actual deaths & disability cases proving lower or higher than assumed in the valuation can impact the liabilities.
d) Withdrawals:- Actual withdrawals proving higher or lower than assumed withdrawals and change of withdrawal rates at subsequent valuations can impact Plan’s liability.
There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements, and no transfers into and out of Level 3 fair value measurements.
The carrying amounts of trade receivables, trade payables, cash and cash equivalents, loans & advances, other bank balances and other financial assets are considered to be the same as their fair values, due to their short-term nature.
The fair values of borrowings are based on discounted cash flows using a borrowing rate. They are classified as level 3 fair values in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of unobservable inputs, including own credit risk.
For financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value, the carrying amounts are equal to the fair values.
34. Financial risk management objectives and policies
The Company’s principal financial liabilities comprise of borrowings, trade payables and other payables etc. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company’s operations. The Company’s principal financial assets includes trade receivable, security deposit, loans and advances, cash and cash equivalents etc. that derive directly from its operations. The Company also holds investments in the form of quoted Equity shares that are measured at FVTPL and unquoted Equity shares measured at amortised cost.
The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The management oversees the management of these risks. The management is responsible for formulating an appropriate financial risk governance framework for the Company and periodically reviewing the same. The management ensures that financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the Company’s policies and risk objectives. The management reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below.
(a) Market Risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market prices comprise three types of risk: interest rate risk, foreign currency risk and Equity price risk.
(i) Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. Since the Company has borrowings, therefore Company is exposed to such risk.
(ii) Foreign Currency Risk
The Indian Rupee is the Company’s most significant currency. As a consequence, the Company’s results are presented in Indian Rupee. So, the Company is not exposed to such risk.
(iii) Equity Price Risk
The Company’s investment in shares are susceptible to market price risk arising from uncertainties about future values of the investment securities. The Company manages the price risk through diversification and by placing limits on individual and total instruments. Reports on the portfolio are submitted to the management on a regular basis.
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations.
Credit risk arises mainly from loans, trade receivables and financial assets. The Company maintains a defined credit policy and monitors the exposures to these credit risks on an ongoing basis. None of the trade receivables are credit impaired as on reporting date.
On adoption of Ind AS 109, the Company uses expected credit loss model to assess the impairment loss or gain. Based on internal assessment which is driven by the historical experience/ current facts available in relation to default and delays in collection thereof, the expected credit loss for trade receivables is not significant.
The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The Company monitors credit risk very closely. The Management impact analysis shows credit risk and impact assessment as low.
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are fallen due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company’s reputation.
37. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)
As per Section 135 of the Companies Act,2013, a company, meeting the applicability threshold, needs to spend atleast 2% of its average net profit for the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. The areas for CSR activities are eradication of hunger and malnutrition, promoting education, art and culture, healthcare, destitute care and rehabilitation, environment sustainability, disaster relief and rural development projects. A CSR committee has been formed by the company as per the Act. The funds were primarily utilized through the year on these activities which are specified in Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013:
39 ADDITIONAL REGULATORY INFORMATION
(i) Title deeds of immovable property not held in the name of the company
No such property has been held by the company whose Title Deeds are not in company’s name.
(ii) Where the Company has revalued its Property, Plant and Equipment, the company shall disclose as to whether the revaluation is based on the valuation by a registered valuer as defined under rule 2 of the Companies (Registered Valuers and Valuation) Rules, 2017
No revaluation of Property, Plant and Equipment has been done by the company in the current Financial Year.
(iii) Where the company has revalued its intangible assets, the company shall disclose as to whether the revaluation is based on the valuation by a registered valuer as defined under rule 2 of Companies (Registered Valuers and Valuation) Rules, 2017
No revaluation of Intangible Assets has been done by the company in the current Financial Year.
(iv) Following disclosures shall be made where Loans or Advances in the nature of loans are granted to promoters, directors, KMPs and the related parties (as defined under Companies Act, 2013,) either severally or jointly with any other person, that are:
(a) repayable on demand or
(b) without specifying any terms or period of repayment
Where any proceedings have been initiated or pending against the company for holding any benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and the rules made thereunder, the company shall disclose the following:-
No such property held by the company.
(vii)Where the Company has borrowings from banks or financial institutions on the basis of security of current assets, it shall disclose the following:-
(a) whether quarterly returns or statements of current assets filed by the Company with banks or financial institutions are in agreement with the books of accounts.
(b) if not, summary of reconciliation and reasons of material discrepancies, if any to be adequately disclosed.
(viii) Wilful Defaulter
Where a company is a declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial Institution or other lender, specified details shall be given The company has not been declared as Wilful Defaulter by any bank or financial Institution or other lender.
(ix) Relationship with Struck off Companies
Where the company has any transactions with companies struck off under Section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or Section 560 of Companies Act, 1956, the Company shall disclose the details.
The company has not entered into any transaction with the companies struck off under Companies Act, 2013 or Companies Act, 1956.
(x) Registration of charges or satisfaction with Registrar of Companies
Where any charges or satisfaction yet to be registered with Registrar of Companies beyond the statutory period, details and reasons thereof shall be disclosed.
No such registration is pending beyond the Statutory period.
(xi) Compliance with number of layers of companies
Where the company has not complied with the number of layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Act read with Companies (Restriction on number of Layers) Rules, 2017, the name and CIN of the companies beyond the specified layers and the relationship/ extent of holding of the company in such downstream companies shall be disclosed.
The company has complied with the number of layers as prescribed.
(xii) Compliance with approved Scheme(s) of Arrangements
Where any Scheme of Arrangements has been approved by the Competent Authority in terms of sections 230 to 237 of the Companies Act, 2013, the Company shall disclose that the effect of such Scheme of Arrangements have been accounted for in the books of account of the Company ‘in accordance with the Scheme’ and ‘in accordance with accounting standards’ and deviation in this regard shall be explained.
No scheme of Arrangements has been approved by the Competent Authority in the case of the Company for the Financial Year.
(xiii) Utilisation of Borrowed funds and share premium:
(A) Where company has advanced or loaned or invested funds (either borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Intermediary shall
(i) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(ii) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries;
(B) Where a company has received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the company shall
(i) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(ii) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries,
No such loans or advances has been given by nor has been received the company.
(xiv) Dealing in Virtual Digital Assets
The company has not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual curreny during the reporting period.
40 The balances of Trade Receivables, Deposits, Loans & Advances, Advances received from customers, Liability for expenses and Trade Payables are subject to confirmation from the respective parties and consequential reconciliation/adjustment arising there from, if any. The management, however, does not expect any material variation. Further, Company had made payments on behalf of vendors to certain other parties.
41 The balances of trade payables & sundry creditors may also include the balances which are payable to micro and small enterprises. However, the management does not have ready information with regard to categorization of small and micro enterprises. Further, as per Finance Act, 2023 payments of MSME dues (micro and small) are covered within the ambit of Section 43B(h) of Income Tax Act’ 1961. Hence, any such dues outstanding of the same shall be allowed as expense only when payments to such entities are made within the defined time period. The management however do not expect any significant dues to such entities.
42 During the year, the useful life of newly acquired truck(s) (on or after 01.04.2024) has been revised to 12 years considering improved road conditions. The useful life of old vehicles remains unchanged at 8 years. This change is applied prospectively as a change in accounting estimate under Ind AS 8.
43 Previous year's figures have been regrouped/ reclassified, where necessary, to confirm to current year's classification. This does not impact recognition measurement principles followed for preparation of financial statements.
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