1. Corporate Overview

Simbhaoli Sugars Limited ('the Company') having CIN No. L15122UP2011PLC044210 is a public limited company under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 incorporated and registered with Registrar of Companies, Kanpur Uttar Pradesh on April 04, 2011. Currently equity shares of the Company are listed at BSE and NSE. The Hon'ble High Court of Judicature at Allahabad has sanctioned the Scheme of Amalgamation of Erstwhile Simbhaoli Sugars Limited (ESSL), the Transferor Company with the Company, the Transferee Company w.e.f. April 01,2015 (the Appointed Date) and consequent thereto, the entire business undertakings of ESSL, stands transferred to and vested in the Company, as a going concern with effect from the Appointed Date. The Company has three sugar complexes - Simbhaoli (Western Uttar Pradesh), Chilwaria (Eastern Uttar Pradesh) and Brijnathpur (Western Uttar Pradesh) having an aggregate crushing capacity of 19,500 TCD. The Company is technology driven with a business mix that spans from refined (sulphur less) sugar, specialty sugars, extra neutral alcohol (ENA), ethanol, sanitizer, and bio-manure. The Company is engaged in sugar refining (Defeco Remelt Phosphotation and Ion Exchange technology), high value, niche products (specialty sugars) and clean energy (ethanol). The Company sells international standard refined, pharmaceutical grade and specialty sugars to the retail and bulk institutional consumer segments.

The Company is operating its different businesses through subsidiaries the details are given below:

The company is listed on the National Stock Exchange of India and Bombay Stock Exchange of India.

These financial statements are approved and adopted by board of directors of the Company in their meeting held on, May 29, 2024. and are subject to adoption by the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

2.1 Basis of preparation and presentation

A. Statement of Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read with the Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) and relevant amendment rules thereafter and accounting principles generally accepted in India.

B. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Effective 1st April, 2023, the Company has adopted the amendments vide Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 notifying amendments to existing Indian Accounting Standards. These amendments to the extent relevant to the Company's operations were relating to: Ind AS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” which replaces the requirement for the entities to disclose their “significant” accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their “material” accounting policies and further provides guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures. The amendments clarify that accounting policy information is expected to be material if, without it, the user of financial statements would be unable to understand other material information in the financial statements and also clarify that immaterial accounting policy information need not to be disclosed, however, if it is disclosed, it should not obscure the material accounting policy information. Further, consequential amendments with respect to the concept of 'material accounting policies' have also been made in Ind AS 107 “Financial Instruments: Disclosures” and Ind AS 34 “Interim Financial Reporting”. The Company has modified and presented its “material accounting policies” in the financial statement for the year commencing from April 1, 2023 in compliance with the amendments made. "

Ind AS 8 “Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors” which introduces a definition of “accounting estimates” and provides guidance to help entities to distinguish changes in accounting policies from changes in accounting estimates. The amendments do not have a material impact on the Company.

Ind AS 12 “Income Taxes” narrows the scope of the 'initial recognition exemption' so that it does not apply to transactions that give rise to equal and offsetting temporary differences on its initial recognition. The amendments apply to the transactions that occur on or after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the annual reporting periods beginning on or after April 1,2023. In addition, at the beginning of the earliest reporting period presented deferred tax on all the temporary differences associated with Right-of- use asset and lease liabilities; decommissioning, restoration and similar liability and the corresponding amounts recognized as part of the cost of the related assets shall also require to be recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The amendments do not have any material impact on the Company as it has already been following accounting policy of recognizing deferred tax on equal and offsetting temporary differences on initial recognition of lease transactions if any.

There are other amendments in various standards, including Ind AS 101 “First Time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards”; Ind AS 102 “Share-based Payment”; Ind AS 103 “Business Combination”; Ind AS 109 “Financial Instruments”; and Ind AS 115 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” which are not listed herein above since these are either not material or relevant to the Company.

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards. There is no such notification which would have been applicable from April 1,2024.

C. Basis of preparation

These financial statements have been prepared on going concern basis using the significant accounting policies and measurement bases summarized below. Accounting Policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in accounting policy hitherto in use. In those cases, the new accounting policy is adopted in accordance with the transitional provisions stipulated in that Ind AS and in absence of such specific transitional provision, the same is adopted retrospectively for all the periods presented in these financial statements.

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial assets and liabilities (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments) and assets for defined benefit plans that are measured at fair value less cost of sales wherever required. The methods used to measure fair values are discussed further in notes to financial statements.

D. Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees, and all values are rounded to the nearest lakhs and two decimals thereof, except if otherwise stated.

E. Operating Cycle

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle criteria set out below which are in accordance with the Schedule III to the Act. Based on the nature of services and time between the acquisition of assets for providing of services and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

2.2 Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

• Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading

• Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting date, or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

Current assets include the current portion of non-current financial assets. All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is treated as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

• Expected to be settled in the company's normal operating cycle;

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading;

• Due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting date; or

• The Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

• Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

Current liabilities include the current portion of non-current financial liabilities. All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities

2.3 Use of estimates and management judgements

The preparation of standalone financial statements in conformity with the accounting policy and measurement principles under Ind AS requires the management of the company to develop accounting estimates that affect the application of accounting policy and the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities including accompanying disclosures and the disclosure of contingent liabilities and contingent assets. Developing accounting estimates involves the use of measurement technique and other inputs including judgement or assumption based on the latest available, reliable information. Although these accounting estimates are based upon the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these accounting estimates.

The accounting estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates due to change in an input or change in a measurement technique, are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. The areas involving critical judgements are as follows:

(i) Material uncertainty about going concern:

In preparing financial statements, management has made an assessment of Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis. The management is aware, in making its assessments, of material uncertainties related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt upon the company's ability to continue as a going concern. Further details on going concern are disclosed in Note No. 4.

(ii) Estimated useful life of property, plant, and equipment (PPE) / intangible asset

PPE & Intangible asset represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation/ amortization is derived after determining an estimate of an asset's expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual value of the asset are determined by the management when the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically including at each financial year end. The lives are based on technical evaluation made by the management of the expected usage of the asset, the physical wear and tear and technical or commercial obsolescence of the asset. Due to the judgements involved in such estimations, the useful life and residual value are sensitive to the actual usage in future period.

(iii) Recognition and measurement of defined benefit obligations

The obligation arising from define benefit plan is determined based on actuarial assumptions. Key actuarial assumption includes discount rate, trends in salary escalation and attrition rate. The discount rate is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government securities. The period to maturity of the underlying securities correspond to the probable maturity of the postemployment benefit obligations. However, any changes in these assumptions may have a material impact on resulting calculations. iv) Fair value measurements of financial instruments:

When the fair value of the financial assets and liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on the quoted market price in activate markets, their fair value is measured using valuation technique. The input to these models is taken from the observable market where possible, but if this is not feasible, a review of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Changes in assumption relating to this assumption could affect the fair value of financial instrument.

(v) Current taxes and deferred taxes

The Company's tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the unused tax losses, and the unused tax credit to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit would be available against which these could be utilized. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(vi) Provisions, Contingent liabilities, and Contingent assets

The timing of recognition and quantification of the provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets require the application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances which are subject to change on the actual occurrence or happening. Judgement is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/ claims/ litigations against the Company and possible inflow of resources in respect of the claims made by the Company which has been contingent in nature. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(vii) Impairment of trade receivables

The Company has a stringent policy of ascertaining impairments, if any, because of detailed scrutiny of major cases and through determining expected credit losses. Despite best estimates and periodic credit appraisals of customers, the Company's receivables are exposed to delinquency risks due to material adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant change to the party's ability to meet its obligations. All such parameters relating to impairment or potential impairment are reviewed at each reporting date.

(viii) Net realizable value of an item of inventory

Significant judgement is required in the estimation of net realizable value of an item of inventory specifically of an item which is not actively traded in the market. The management considers various factors such as prevailing unit specific market price of the item of inventory, minimum sale price/ controlled price of the products, contracted rates for the contracted quantity, Government Policies, price trend in domestic and international market, monthly sale quota, estimated sale expenses etc. in determination of the net realizable value of the item of inventory actively traded in the market. The management also considers the expected final yield of the finished products for deriving the net realizable value of the tailor made by product is not actively traded in the market. The final net realization of the item of inventory is dependent on the market conditions prevailing at the time of its ultimate sale and hence could differ from the reported amount in the financial statements.

(ix) Fair Value Measurement

The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability the principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets & liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and the risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

2.4 Material accounting policies

A. Property, plant, and equipment & capital work-in-progress

• Recognition and measurement

Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) are tangible items that are held for use in the production or supply of goods and services, rental to others or for administration purposes and are expected to be used during more than one period.

The cost of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment (including related subsequent costs) is being recognized as an asset if and only if, it is probable that future economic benefit associated with item will flow to the Company and cost of the item can be measured reliably. Freehold lands are at cost. Other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at original cost net of tax/ duty credit availed, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The cost of an asset includes the purchase cost of material, including import duties and non-refundable taxes, and directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended use and trial run expenditure (Net of amount realized on goods produced during trial run). For this purpose, cost includes carrying value as Deemed cost on the date of transition. Interest on borrowings used to finance the construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset until such time that the asset is ready

for its intended use.

Items of spare parts, stand by equipment's and servicing equipment which meet the definition of Property, Plant and Equipment are capitalized. Other spare parts are carried as inventory and recognized in statement of Profit & Loss on consumption. When parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate components.

The carrying amount of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment shall be derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. When significant part of the property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the company derecognized the replaced part and recognized the new parts with its own associated useful life and depreciated it accordingly. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance cost are recognized in the statement of the profit and loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statement upon sale or retirement of the asset and resultant gain or losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Assets identified and technically evaluated as obsolete are retired from active use and held for disposal are stated at the lower of it carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.

Capital work-in-progress, representing expenditure incurred in respect of assets under development and not ready for their intended use, are carried at cost. Cost includes related acquisition expenses, construction cost, related borrowing cost and other direct expenditure, and trial run expenditure.

• Subsequent Expenditure.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

B. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recognized when it is probable that the future benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably.

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the company can demonstrate:

a) The technical feasibility of completing the intangible assets so that the asset will be available for use or sale

b) Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sale the assets.

c) How the asset will generate future economic benefit

d) The availability of resources to complete the asset.

e) The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development

During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually. Intangible assets acquired separately including patents and licenses, are measured on initial recognition at cost/deemed cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Amortization of the assets begins when the asset is available for use. The useful life of intangible assets are assessed as either definite or indefinite. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the assets are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at cost generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on prospective basis.

Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized. Deemed Cost is the carrying amount under the previous GAAP as at the transition date.

C. Depreciation and Amortization

The classification of plant and machinery into continuous and non-continuous process is done as per their use and depreciation thereon is provided accordingly. Depreciation commences when the assets are available for their intended use.

The depreciation is provided by applying the following method at the useful lives specified in schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013:

All Depreciable PPE except Vehicles - Straight line method

Vehicles - Written down value method

PPE costing up to ' 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Freehold land is not depreciated.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated on straight line method (SLM) over the period of life of right of use assets or lease terms whichever expire earlier except in case of right of use assets, the ownership of which is proposed to be transferred to the company or the cost of such assets reflects that the company will exercise a purchase option, the same is depreciated on straight line method (SLM) over the useful life of the assets.

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful economic life of the assets. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful life of intangible assets is five years from the date when the assets is available for use. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each financial year and are given effect to wherever appropriate.

D. Inventories

Inventories are valued as under:

Cost of finished goods and work-in-progress comprises of raw material cost (net realisable value/derived net reliable value, in case of use of by-products as raw material), variable and fixed overheads, which are allocated to work-in-progress and finished goods on full absorption cost basis. Cost of inventory also includes all other cost incurred in bringing the inventory to their respective present location and condition. Borrowing cost are not included in the value of inventories.

Net releasable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and the estimated cost necessary to make the sale.

E. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and at bank, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consists of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdraft as they being considered as integral part of the Company's cash management.

F. Leases

Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to Company's operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

• The Company as a lessee

The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified

asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight- line basis over the term of the lease.

Certain lease arrangements include the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are re-measured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right- of- use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option. Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

• The Company as a lessor

Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating

leases. When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sublease separately. The sublease is classified as a finance or operating lease by reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease. For operating leases, rental income is recognized on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

G. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss (before other comprehensive income) for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) for the year (before other comprehensive income), adjusting the after tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, attributable to the equity shareholders, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares which could be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

H. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) because of a past event and it is probable that the outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settled the obligation in respect of which reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all a provision to be reimbursed, the expense relating to provision presented in the statement of profit & loss is net of any reimbursement.

The present obligation under an onerous contract is recognised and measured as a provision. However, before a separate provision for an onerous contract is established, the company recognises any impairment loss that has occurred on assets dedicated to that contract. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are disclosed using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risk specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as finance cost.

Contingent liabilities are possible obligations that arise from past events and whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more future events not wholly within the control of the Company. Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Contingent assets are not recognized but disclosed, when probable assets that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one more uncertain event not wholly with in the control of the Company.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

I. Taxes

• Income Tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

• Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

In correlation to the underlying transaction relating to Other comprehensive income and Equity, current tax items are recognized in Other comprehensive income and Equity, respectively.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation. Then, full provisions are made where appropriate based on the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and it is intended to realize the asset and settle the liability on net basis or simultaneously.

• Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognized in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognized for:

• Temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction;

• Temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

• Taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. In case of a history of continuous losses, the company recognizes a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realized. Deferred tax assets - unrecognized or recognized, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognized/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized, or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

J. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from Contract(s) is recognised by following five steps model from revenue recognition as prescribed in Ind AS 115 which namely are

identifying of the contract(s) with a customer; identifying the separate performance obligation in the contract; determining the transaction price; allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation and recognising revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. The model specifies that revenue should be recognised when (or as) an entity transfer control of goods or services to a customer at the amount to which the entity expects to be entitled.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration, the Company expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. Revenue is inclusive of excise duty and excluding estimated discounts, pricing incentives, rebate and other similar allowances to the customers and exclusive of GST and other taxes and amount collected on behalf of third party or Government, if any.

Sale of Products

Revenue from sale of products is recognised at the point in time when control of asset is transferred to the customers i.e. when the customers obtain the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all the remaining benefits from the asset, including ability to prevent other entities from directing the use of, and obtaining the benefits from an asset. The company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligation to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated e.g. warranties. In determining the transaction price for the sale of products, the company considers the effect of variable consideration, the existence of significant financing components, non-cash consideration, and consideration payable to the customers, if any.

Contract Balances Contract Assets

A contract asset is recognised for the conditional earned consideration, if the company has the right to consideration in exchange of goods or services transferred to a customer before the customer pays the consideration or before payment is due.

Trade Receivables

A trade receivable is recognised for the company's right to an amount of consideration, in exchange of goods or services transferred to a customer, that is unconditional i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due.

Contract Liabilities

A Contract liability is recognised for the consideration paid by a customer before the transfer of goods or services to the company. The contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the company performs under the contract.

Contract Cost

The incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer and the costs incurred to fulfil a contract with a customer, if those cost are not within the scope of other Ind AS for e.g. Ind AS 2 - Inventories, Ind AS 16- Property Plant & equipment, Ind AS 38- Intangible Assets etc., are recognised as an asset, if the company expects to recover those costs. The incremental costs of obtaining the contract are those that the company incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained. The company has elected to apply the optional practical expedient for costs to obtain a contract and to fulfil a contract which allows the company to immediately expense the costs because the amortization period of the asset that the company otherwise would have used is one year or less. Interest

Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Dividends

Dividend income is recognized when the Company's right to receive the dividend is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably i.e. in case of interim dividend, on the date of declaration by the Board of Directors; whereas in case of final dividend, on the date of approval by the shareholders.

Insurance claim

Insurance claim is recognised only when the realisation of insurance claim is probable, and only to the extent of related loss recognised in the financial statements. The recovery of loss is generally would be probable, when the claim is not in dispute. Any amount expected to be recovered is excess of recognised loss, which will result in gain is recognised upon the resolution of contingencies liability to insurance claim i.e. whether amount of claim is admitted to the payable by the insurance company.

K. Expenses

All expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.

L. Foreign currency translation/conversion

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency spot rate prevailing at the date of the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions outstanding at the balance sheet date are translated at the functional currency spot rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Any income or expense arising on account of foreign exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the initial transaction. Non-monetary items which are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of item.

M. Borrowings

Long term borrowings are initially recognized at net of material transaction costs incurred and measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognized in the statement of profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

N. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period that is

required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial time to get ready for their intended use or sale. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that a Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs. Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

O. Impairment

• Non-Financial assets

Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation but are tested annually for impairment. Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The Carrying amount of assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/ external factor. An asset is impaired when the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the recoverable amount. Impairment is charged to the profit and loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.

• Financial assets

The company applies 'simplified approach' measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

• Financial assets that are debt instrument and are measured at amortized cost e.g. loans, debt securities, deposits, and bank balance.

• Trade receivables:

The application of simplified approach does not require the company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on life time expected credit loss at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

P. Employee benefit plans:

• Short-term obligations

Short-term obligations for wages and salaries, including nonmonetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within twelve months after the end of the period, are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amounts of expected liabilities in the year in which the related service is rendered.

• Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Government administered provident fund scheme. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in statement of profit or loss in the periods during which the related services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available.

Retirement benefit in the form of superannuation fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has established a Superannuation Fund Trust to which contributions are made quarterly. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the superannuation fund scheme as expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The Company has no other obligations beyond its quarterly contributions.

• Defined benefit plans

The company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (' the Gratuity Plan') covering eligible employees of the company. The Gratuity Plan provides a lumpsum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee's salary and the tenure of employment with the company. The cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and is included in finance cost expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The service cost on the net defined benefit liability/ (asset) is included in employees benefit expenses in the statement of profit and loss. Past service cost is recognised as an expense when the plan amendment or curtailment occurs or when any related restructuring costs or termination benefits are recognised, whichever is earlier.

Re- measurement gain and loss arising from experience adjustments and change actuarial assumptions are recognised in the periods in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. Re- measurement are not classified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

• Compensated absences

The Company's net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits other than post-employment benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods that benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The obligation is measured on the basis of an annual independent actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. Re-measurements gain or losses are recognized in statement of profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

• Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on voluntary retirement scheme is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which it is incurred.

Q. Financial Instruments

a) Financial Asset

Classification

The company classified financial assets as subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value though other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Initial Recognition and Measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset, other than financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets as appropriate on initial recognition.

The financial assets include equity and debt securities, trade and other receivables, loans and advances, cash and bank balances and derivative financial instruments. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.

Subsequent Measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, the financial assets are classified in three categories:

• at amortized cost

• at fair value through other comprehensive income

• at fair value through profit or loss Financial assets at amortized cost

A Financial asset is measured at the amortized cost. Amortized cost if both the following condition are met.

• The assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flow (business model test), and

• Contractual terms of the assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principle amount outstanding

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measurement at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by considering any discount and premium and fee or costs that are an integral part of an EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

A financial asset is measured at FVTOCI if both the following conditions are met:

• The asset is held within a business model in which asset are managed both in order to collect contractual cash flows and for sale, and

• Contractual terms of the assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principle amount outstanding.

After initial measurement (at fair value minus transaction cost), such financial assets are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in Other comprehensive income except for:

• Interest calculated using EIR

• Foreign exchange gain and losses, and

• Impairment losses and gains

Financial assets at Fair value through Profit or loss

Financial assets that are not classified in any of the categories above are classified at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

Equity investments

All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category, if any, are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in statement of profit or loss. The Company may make an irrevocable election to present in OCI subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument- by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. When the fair value has been determined based on level 3 inputs, the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price, if loss, is recognized through retained earnings and after initial recognition subsequent changes in fair value of equity instruments is recognised as gain or loss to the extent it arises from change in input to valuation technique. If the company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in other compressive income (OCI). There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit or loss, even on sale of investments. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognized when:

• The right to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or

• The company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the assets, or

• The company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the assets, but has transferred control of the assets.

b) Financial liabilities Classification

Debt and equity instruments issued by the company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual agreements and the definitions of financial liability and equity instrument.

Initial recognition and measurement

The company recognizes financial liability when it becomes a party to the contractual provision of the instrument. All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial liabilities, other than financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.

Subsequent Measurement

All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.

Financial liability at amortized cost

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Gain and losses are recognized in statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognized.

Amortization cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and transaction cost. This amortization is included as finance cost in the statement of profit and loss.

This category generally applies to loans & borrowings.

Financial liability at FVTPL

Financial liabilities are classified at FVTPL when the financial liability is either contingent consideration recognized by the company as an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies or is held for trading or it is designed as at FVTPL. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gain or loss arises on re-measurement recognized in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognized in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability.

Equity Instrument

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the company are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue cost.

Repurchase of the company's own equity instruments is recognized and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue, or cancellation of the company's own equity instruments.

Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the company are those contracts that requires a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specific debtors fail to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at a fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirement of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortization.

De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amount recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

c) Offsetting of financial instrument

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

d) Equity Share Capital

Ordinary shares are classified as equity instrument is a contract that evidences a residual interest in Company's assets after deducting all its liabilities. Incremental cost directly attributable to the issuance of new equity share and buy back of equity shares are shown as a deduction from the equity, net off any tax effects.

R. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting

The Company uses various derivative financial instruments to mitigate the risk of changes in interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are also subsequently measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as Financial Assets when the fair value is positive and as Financial Liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to Statement of Profit and Loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedge which is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income and later to Statement of Profit and Loss when the hedged item affects profit or loss or is treated as basis adjustment if a hedged forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a Non-Financial Assets or Non-Financial liability.

Hedges that meet the criteria for hedge accounting are accounted for as follows:

A. Cash Flow Hedge:

The Company designates derivative contracts or non-derivative Financial Assets / Liabilities as hedging instruments to mitigate the risk of movement in interest rates and foreign exchange rates for foreign exchange exposure on highly probable future cashflows attributable to a recognised asset or liability or forecast cash transactions. When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in the cash flow hedging reserve being part of Other Comprehensive Income. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging relationship no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognized in cash flow hedging reserve till the period the hedge was effective remains in cash flow hedging reserve until the underlying transaction occurs. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in the cash flow hedging reserve is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss upon the occurrence of the underlying transaction. If the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, then the amount accumulated in cash flow hedging reserve is reclassified in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

B. Fair Value Hedge:

The Company designates derivative contracts or non-derivative Financial Assets / Liabilities as hedging instruments to mitigate the risk of change in fair value of hedged item due to movement in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. Changes in the fair value of hedging instruments and hedged items that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging relationship no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedged item for which the effective interest method is used for amortising to Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of maturity.

S. Operating segments

The Company's operating segments are established on the basis of those components of the Company that are evaluated regularly by the Board of Directors (the 'Chief Operating Decision Maker' as defined in Ind AS 108 - 'Operating Segments'), in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. These have been identified taking into account nature of products and services, the differing risks and returns and the internal business reporting systems.

Revenue and Expenses have been identified to a segment on the basis of relationship to operating activities of the segment. Revenue and Expenses which relate to enterprise as a whole and are not allocable to a segment on reasonable basis have been disclosed as “Un-allocable” Segment Assets and Segment Liabilities represent Assets and Liabilities in respective segments. Assets and liabilities that cannot be allocated to a segment on reasonable basis have been disclosed as “Un-allocable”.

T. Government grants

Government grants are recognised at fair value where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the company with no future related costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss in the period in which they become receivable.

Government grants related to assets, including non-monetary grants recorded at fair value, are treated as deferred income and are recognized and credited in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset and presented in other income.

When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favorable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.

U. Non-current assets (or disposal group) held for sale and discontinued operations:

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. Assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying value will be recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is only met when the sale is highly probable and the asset, or disposal group, is available for immediate sale in its present condition and is marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value.

Where a disposal group represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, or is part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, then it is treated as a discontinued operation. The post-tax profit or loss of the discontinued operation together with the gain or loss recognised on its disposal are disclosed as a single amount in the statement of profit and loss, with all prior periods being presented on this basis.

V. Dividend payable

Dividends and interim dividends payable to a Company's shareholders are recognized as changes in equity in the period in which they are approved by the shareholder's meeting and the Board of Directors respectively.

W. Statement of Cash Flow

Statement of Cash flows are stated using the indirect method, whereby profit/loss before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a noncash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and items of incomes and expenses associated with investing or financing flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.