1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
a) Basis of preparation and compliance with Ind AS
i. These financial Statements as and for the year ended March 31, 2024 (the "Ind AS Financial Statements") are prepared in accordance with Ind AS.
In accordance with the notification dated February 16, 2015, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 read with Rule 4A of Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.
ii. These financial statements were approved for issue by the Board of Directors on May 29,.2024.
b) Basis of measurement
The Ind AS Financial Statements have been prepared on a going concern basis using historical cost convention and on an accrual method of accounting, except for certain financial assets and liabilities, including equity Shares financial instruments which have been measured at fair value as described below.
Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, Equity Shares at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
Ý In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
Ý In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on thebasis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy asexplained above.
For other fair value related disclosures refer note no. 29
2. Significant Accounting Policies
The company has applied following accounting policies to all periods presented in the Ind AS Financial Statement.
a) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Sales are recognized when significant risk and reward of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer.
Sale of goods through retail counters are recorded on receipt of sale value and issue of cash invoices. Sale of goods other than retail sales, are recorded on dispatches to customers and are net of discounts and rebates but includes duties, taxes and transportation costs.
Miscellaneous receipts, dividends (if any) are recorded in books as and when the right to receive the same it is established, and such revenue can be reliably measured.
b) Property, Plant and Equipment
i. Property, Plant and Equipment
The initial cost of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, attributable borrowing cost and any other directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to working condition and location for its intended use.
Expenditure incurred after the property, plant and equipment have been put into operation, such as repairs and maintenance, are normally charged to the statements of profit and loss in the period in which the costs are incurred. Major inspection and overhaul expenditure is capitalized if the recognition criteria are met.
When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.
Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognized net within other income/other expenses in statement of profit and loss.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss, when the asset is derecognized.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
The management has physically verified the tangible equipments during the year and no material discrepancies have been noticed on such verification.
ii. Depreciation
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any provision for impairment. Depreciation commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.
Depreciation is calculated on the depreciable amount, which is the cost of an asset less its residual value. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost, less estimated residual value, of each asset on a straight line method.
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year end and changes in estimates, if any, are accounted for prospectively.
c) Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through statement of profit and loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Subsequent Measurement
Subsequent measurement of financial assets is described below -
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment arerecognized in the statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.
However, reporting entity does not have such financial assets to be measured at amortized cost using EIR method.
Financial Assets - Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company's balance sheet) when:
> The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
> The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks
and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained
Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortized cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits and trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 18.
The Company follows 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
Financial liabilities - Recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through statement of profit and loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings.
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
•Financial liabilities at fair value through statement of profit and loss:
Financial liabilities at fair value through statement of profit and loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through statement of profit and loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.
•Loans and Borrowings:
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (hereinafter referred as EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognized in statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process.
Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
Financial liabilities - Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
d) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of twelve months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and shortterm deposits, as defined above.
e) Inventories
In accordance of Ind AS-2, the inventories of stock in trade and packing materials are valued at lower of cost or NRV and the cost is determined on FIFO basis.Cost shall comprise all cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing their inventories to their present location and condition.
Net Realizable is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated cost of completion and the estimated cost necessary to make the sale.
The management has conducted periodical physical verification of the inventory of finished goods and packing materials including inventory lying at branches, shops and depots, during the year and material discrepancies, if any, have been dealt with in the books of accounts of the Company.
f) Taxation Current Income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except when it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
g) Employee Benefit Schemes Short-term employee benefits
Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of receiving employee services are classified as short-term employee benefits. These benefits include salaries and wages, performance incentives and compensated absences which are expected to occur in next twelve months. The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits to be paid in exchange for employee services is recognized as an expense as the related service is rendered by employees.
h) Earnings Per Share
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") data for its equity shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit and loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit and loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
i) Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using indirect method as set out in Ind AS -7 "Statement of Cash Flows", whereby profit / (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.
j) Investments
Equity instruments (non-derivative) forming part of financial assets under Ind-AS, are classified under the head investments and all equity instruments are initially and subsequently evaluated at their fair value, and any gain or loss (if any) upon initial measurement and subsequent re-measurement, is recognized through the profit or loss (FVTPL).
The said equity instruments comprise equity shares of companies listed on stock exchanges as well as suspended or delisted companies, and unlisted entities. These equity instruments were physically verified by management during the year, no material discrepancies were noticed on such verification.
Fair value evaluations of quoted instruments are compared to their market prices as on the reporting date and management is of the opinion that these should be shown at their carrying values due to their market expectations. The other equity instruments are based on reasonable approximations of their fair value utilizing significant unobservable inputs. A comparison of their carrying amounts and fair value is given below:
k) Use of Estimates and Judgments
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses for the years presented. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised and future periods affected.
In particular, information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements are elaborated in note no. 29.
3. Significant Notes:
i. Current Assets, Loans & Advances and Liabilities:
In the opinion of the Board, the value of realization of current assets, loans & advances, if realized in the ordinary course of the business, shall not be less than the amount, which is stated, in the current year Balance Sheet. The provision for all known liabilities is reasonable and not in excess of the amount considered reasonably necessary.
The balances of receivables and payables are subject to third party confirmations. The management has taken adequate steps to provide sufficiently for all known and anticipated liabilities. The books of account are maintained on accounting software which does not provide facilities of audit trail or post audit immutability. All the liabilities and assets, are approximately of the value stated in the accounts are payable or realizable in the ordinary course of business. None of the revenue expenses are capitalised during the year or vice versa.
ii. Company has financial assets and liabilities, however the Board of Directors are of the opinion that both the Income and Assets criteria specified under the "Non-Banking Financial or Investment Company (NBFC) Regulations issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), is not satisfied as stipulated in the said regulations. In light of the foregoing, the company is not required to be registered as a "NBFC" under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, in the opinion of the Board of Directors of the Company.
iii. Transactions of Loans & Advances
The company has provided following unsecured, interest free loans/advances to persons and other body corporate, and which in the opinion of the management are receivable, in the ordinary course of business and are based on the Management's evaluations and reasonable approximations of their Fair Value:
iv. Directors Remuneration:
The management and KMP has been paid an aggregate of remuneration and sitting fees Rs. 4.00 lakhs- during the year, which is in accordance with the provisions of section 197 of the Act.
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