2) Material Accounting Policies:
2.1) Basis of Preparation
These financial statements of the Company are prepared on an accrual basis under historical cost convention except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("The Act") and other relevant provisions of the Act, as applicable.
The Company's financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (H), which is also its functional currency and all values are rounded to the nearest millions ( 0,00,000), except when otherwise indicated.
2.2) Current versus non-current classification
The assets and liabilities are presented as current or non-current in the balance sheet by the company.
An asset is treated as current when it is expected that it will be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle, it is held primarily for trading purposes, it is expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period or cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are treated as non-current in the balance sheet.
A liability is treated as current when it is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle if it is held primarily for the purpose of trading, it is due to be settled within twelve months after the end of the reporting period or there is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The company classifies all other liabilities as non-current in the balance sheet. The company identifies its operating cycle as twelve months.
Deferred tax asset and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities in the balance sheet.
2.3) Critical Accounting Judgments & key sources of Estimation uncertainties
The following are the critical judgments and the key estimates concerning the future that management has made in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies and these may have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements or have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experiences and other factors that are considered to be relevant. These estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revision of accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods where revision affects both current and future periods.
Intangible Assets
Capitalization of cost for intangible assets and intangible assets under development is based on the management judgment that technological and economic feasibility is confirmed and assets under development will generate economic benefits in future. Based on the evaluation carried out, the company's management has determined that there are no factors which indicate that those assets have suffered any impairment loss.
Useful life of depreciable Assets
Management reviews the useful life of depreciable assets at each reporting date. As at March 31, 2024 management assessed that the useful life represents the expected utility of the assets by the company. Further there is no significant change in useful life as compared to the previous year.
Impairment of non-financial assets
The company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exist, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or Cash Generating Unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. It is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. In determining the fair value less costs to disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded subsidiaries or other available fair value indicators.
Intangible assets under development are tested for impairment annually. Impairment losses including impairment on inventories are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Impairment of financial assets
The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The Company uses judgment in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on Company's past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.
Defined benefit plans
The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan, other post-employment plans and the present value of the gratuity obligation is determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables for India. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes.
Fair value measurement of financial instruments
When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the DCF model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
Income tax and deferred tax
Significant management judgment is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.
2.4) Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Initial Recognition and measurement
On initial recognition, all the financial assets and liabilities are recognized at their fair value plus or minus, in the case of a financial asset or financial liability not at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset or financial liability.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans, borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts and derivative financial instruments.
Subsequent measurement
(i) Financial assets carried at amortised cost
A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
The trade & other receivables, after initial measurement are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
(ii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets, and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets included within the FVTOCI are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the company recognizes interest income, impairment losses, reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to statement of profit and loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.
(iii) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss.
(iv) Financial liabilities
a) The financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109.
b) Loans and borrowings is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. In the calculation of amortised cost, discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR are taken into account. This category generally applies to borrowings.
Fair value measurement of financial instruments
The fair value of financial instruments is determined using the valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
Based on the three level fair value hierarchy, the methods used to determine the fair value of financial assets and liabilities include quoted market price, discounted cash flow analysis and valuation certified by the external valuer.
In case of financial instruments where the carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of those instruments, carrying amount is considered as fair value.
Derecognition of financial instrument
A financial asset is derecognized when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or has transferred the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss."
2.5) Inventories
Inventories are valued as below:
(i) Raw Materials, Packing Materials and Consumable Stores & Spares are valued at cost computed on FIFO method.
(ii) Work-in-progress are valued at materials cost plus appropriate share of labour and production overheads incurred till the stage of completion of production.
(iii) Finished Goods/Traded Goods are valued at lower of the cost or net realizable value.
(iv) Scrap is valued at net realizable value calculated based on last month's average realization.
2.6) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.
Revenue is presented net of Goods and Service Tax, wherever applicable. However, Goods & Service Tax (GST) is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the government. Accordingly, these are excluded from revenue.
The specific recognition criteria as described below must also be met before revenue is recognised.
Sale of goods
Revenue is recognised when the customer obtains control of the goods. The customer obtains control of goods at the different point in time based on the delivery terms. Accordingly, entity satisfies its performance obligation at the time of dispatch of goods from the factory/stockyard/storage area/port as the case may be and accordingly revenue is recognised. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates.
The determination of transaction price, its allocation to promised goods and allocation of discount or variable compensation (if any) is done based on the contract with the customers.
The incremental costs that the entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained are recognised as an asset if its recovery is expected and its amortisation period is more than one year, all other such costs are recognised as an expense in statement of profit and loss. The incremental cost recognised as an asset is amortised over the period till when such cost is expected to be recovered. Amount so recovered is recognised as revenue in statement of profit and loss. "
Export incentives
Revenue from export incentives are accounted for on export of goods if the entitlements can be estimated with reasonable assurance and conditions precedent to claim are fulfilled.
Die design and preparation charges
Revenues from die design and preparation charges are recognized as per the terms of the contract as and when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of dies are transferred to the buyers.
Interest income
For all debt instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss.
Dividends
Dividend income is recognised when the Company's right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.
Insurance and other claims
Insurance and other claims are recognised as revenue only when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate collection will be made.
2.7) Government grants
Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate.
Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as deferred income and is allocated to statement of profit and loss over the periods and in the proportions in which depreciation on those assets is charged.
2.8) Property, Plant & Equipment
Tangible Assets
Depreciation on tangible assets is provided on the straight-line method at the rates and manner prescribed under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 except in the case of Plant and Machinery where the depreciation has been provided on the basis of the useful lives of the assets estimated by the management based on internal assessment and independent technical evaluation carried out by external Chartered Engineer at the time of adoption of Companies Act, 2013. Depreciation for the assets purchased / sold during the year is proportionately charged.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss account when the asset is derecognised.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate."
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost of acquisition or construction net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss (if any). Internally manufactured property, plant and equipment are capitalized at cost, including non-creditable GST wherever applicable. All significant costs relating to the acquisition and installation of property, plant and equipment are capitalised. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the property,
plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Refer to note regarding significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions and provisions for further information.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised.
2.9) Intangible Assets
Recognition and initial measurement
Purchased Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any.
Internally developed intangible assets
Expenditure on the research phase of projects is recognised as an expense as incurred.
Costs that are directly attributable to a project's development phase are recognised as intangible assets, provided the Company can demonstrate the following:
Ý the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use.
Ý its intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it
Ý its ability to use or sell the intangible asset
Ý how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits
Ý the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset.
Ý its ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development costs not meeting these criteria for capitalisation are expensed as incurred.
Directly attributable costs include employee costs incurred on development of prototypes along with an appropriate portion of relevant overheads and borrowing costs."
2.10) Foreign Currency Transactions
Functional and presentation currency
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR) and are rounded to two decimal places of millions, which is also the functional and presentation currency of the Company.
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the functional currency, by applying to the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items are converted to functional currency using the closing rate. Non-monetary items denominated in a foreign currency which are carried at historical cost are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions.
Exchange differences arising on monetary items on settlement, or restatement as at reporting date, at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which they arise.
2.11) Investment in subsidiaries
The company has accounted for its investment in subsidiaries at cost less accumulated impairments, if any.
2.12) Employee Benefits
(i) Short term employee benefits
AH employee benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service, are classified as short term employee benefits, which include salaries, wages, short term compensated absences and performance incentives and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet. These are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.
(ii) Post-employment benefits
Contributions towards Superannuation Fund, Pension Fund and government administered Provident Fund are treated as defined contribution schemes. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. Such contributions are recognised as expense in the period in which the employee renders related service.
The cost of defined benefit such as is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of the same are charged to the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI).
(iii) Other long-term benefits
All employee benefits other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits, which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service, including long term compensated absences, service awards, and ex-gratia, are determined based on actuarial valuation carried out at each balance sheet date. Estimated liability on account of long term employee benefits is discounted to the present value using the yield on government bonds as the discounting rate for the term of obligations as on the date of the balance sheet. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of the same are charged to the statement of profit and loss.
(iv) Termination benefits
Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary retirement in exchange of these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates:
(a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; or
(b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of termination benefits. The termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer in case of voluntary retirement scheme.
2.13) Leases
(i) Determining whether a contract contains lease
At inception of a contract, the Company determines whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. The contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset or assets for a period of time in exchange for consideration, even if that right is not explicitly specified in a contract.
At inception or on reassessment of a contract that contains lease component and one or more additional lease or non-lease components, the Company separates payments and other consideration required by the contract into those for each lease component on the basis of their relative stand-alone price and those for non-lease components on the basis of their relative aggregate stand-alone price. If the Company concludes that it is impracticable to separate the payments reliably, then right-of-use asset and Lease liability are recognised at an amount equal to the present value of future lease payments; subsequently the liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is recognised using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. The previous determination pursuant to Ind AS 17 and its 'Appendix C' of whether a contract is a lease has been maintained for existing contracts.
(ii) Company as a lessee
At inception, the Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease. This assessment involves the exercise of judgement about whether it depends on an identified asset, whether the Company obtains
substantially all the economic benefits from the use of that asset, and whether the Company has the right to direct the use of that asset.
The Company has elected to separate lease and non-lease components of contracts, wherever possible.
The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the transition date/ lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured based on the present value of future lease payments, plus initial direct costs wherever identifiable, and cost to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any incentives received. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the underlying asset. The right-of-use asset is subject to testing for impairment if there is an indicator for impairment.
At the commencement date, Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the future lease payments that are not yet paid at that date discounted using interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company's incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company's uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate. The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Lease liabilties are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset, if the Company changes its assessment whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.
The Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases where the total lease term is less than or equal to 12 months, or for leases of low value assets. The payments for such leases are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
(iii) Company as a lessor
Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sublease separately. The sublease is classified as a finance or operating lease by reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease. For operating leases, rental income is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease."
2.14)Taxation
a) Current Tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from 'profit before tax' as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's current tax is calculated using tax rates as per Income Tax Act, 1961 that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
b) Deferred Tax
Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only if it is probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax. Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
2.15) Employee Stock options
The company has accounted for the share based payment for employees in respect of UIL ESOP - based on the IND AS 102 " Share-based payments" and Guidance Note on “Accounting for Employees Share Based Payment" issued by ICAI (“Guidance Note"). The Company follows the Fair Market Value Method (calculated on the basis of Black-Scholes method) to account for compensation expenses arising from issuance of stock options to the employees and has recognized the services received in an equity-settled employee share-based payment plan as an expense when it receives the services, with a corresponding credit to Stock Options Outstanding Account. Further, employees compensation cost recognized earlier on grant of options is reversed in the year when the Options are surrendered by the employee.
2.16) Borrowings & Borrowing Costs
Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognised in the statement of profit and loss account over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest rate method. Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting date.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings, pending their expenditure on qualifying assets, is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.
All other borrowing costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred.
2.17) Impairment of Fixed Assets
Non-financial assets
Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs.
If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized in the statement of profit and loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.
Financial assets
The company recognizes loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL.
2.18) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents includes cash and cheques in hand, current accounts and fixed deposit accounts with banks with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
2.19) Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby a profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, financing and investing activities of the Company are segregated.
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