NOTE 1: CORPORATE INFORMATION
Viji Finance Limited ("VFL" or 'the Company') is a public limited company and incorporated on 12th October 1994 having (CIN: L65192MP1994PLC008715) under the provisions of Companies Act. The shares of the Company are listed at BSE Limited, National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) and The Calcutta Stock Exchange Limited (CSE).
The Company is domiciled in India having its registered office at 11/2, Ushaganj, Jaora Compound lndore, 452001 Madhya Pradesh.
The Company is a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) engaged in providing financial services. The Company is registered as a Non-Systemically Important Non-Deposit Accepting NBFC as defined under Section 45 IA of the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI Act, 1934 with effect from 29th October 1998).
STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE
These financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards Rules, 2015) as amended and notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and the other relevant provisions of the Act. Further, the Company has complied with all the directions related to Implementation of Indian Accounting Standards prescribed for Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in accordance with the RBI notification no. RBI/2019-20/170 DOR NBFC). CC.PD.No.109/22.10.106/2019-20 dated 13th March 2020.
Any application guidance/ clarifications/ directions/ expectations issued by RBI or other regulators are implemented as and when they are issued/ applicable. Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly-issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.
NOTE 2: SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these Financial Statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
2.1. Basis of Preparation
(i) Compliance with Ind AS
The financial statements of the Company comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and other relevant provisions of the Act. Any application guidance/clarifications/directions issued by RBI or other regulators are implemented as and when they are issued applicable.
The financial statements have been prepared using the significant accounting policies and measurement bases summarized as below. These accounting policies have been applied consistently over all the periods presented in these financial statements, except where the Company has applied certain accounting policies and exemptions upon transition to Ind AS.
(ii) Historical Cost Convention
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis.
(iii) Functional & Presentation Currency
These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) which is also the Company's functional currency.
(iv) Preparation of financial statements
The Company is covered In the definition of Non-Banking Financial Company as defined In Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2015. As per the format prescribed under Division III of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 on 11 October 2018, the Company presents the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss, Cash
Flow Statement and the Statement of Changes in Equity in the order of liquidity. A maturity analysis of recovery or settlement of assets and liabilities within 12 months after the reporting date and more than 12 months after the reporting date is presented.
(v) Use of estimates and judgments
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and disclosures as of the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Accounting estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and could change from period to period. Appropriate changes in estimates are recognized in the period in which the Company becomes aware of the changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Any revisions to accounting estimates are recognized prospectively in the period In which the estimate is revised and future periods. The estimates and judgments that have significant impact on carrying amount of assets and liabilities at each balance sheet date are discussed.
2.2. Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers based on a five step model asset out in Ind AS 115, Revenue from contracts with customers, to determine when to recognize revenue and at what amount. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with a customer. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when services are provided and it is highly probable that a significant reversal of revenue is not expected to occur.
Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Revenue is recognized when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised service (i.e. an asset) to a customer. An asset is transferred when (or as) the customer obtains control ofthat asset.
When (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, the Company recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price (excluding estimates of variable consideration) that is allocated to that performance obligation.
The Company applies the five-step approach for recognition of revenue:
• Identification ofcontract {s} with customers;
• Identification of the separate performance obligations in the contract;
• Determination of transaction price;
• Allocation oftransaction price to the separate performance obligations; and
• Recognition of revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.
(i) Interest income
Interest income is recognized on actual basis in Statement of profit and loss for all financial instruments measured at amortized cost.
(ii) Fee and commission income
Fee based income on loan transactions are recognized when they become measurable and when it is probable to expect their ultimate collection.
2.3. Income Tax
The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period’s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate for each jurisdiction adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses. Current and deferred tax is recognized in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
Current Tax
Current tax is measured at the amount of tax expected to be payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions ofthe Income Tax Act, 1961.
Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are off set when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.
Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end ofthe reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only If It Is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilize those temporary differences and losses.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.
2.4. Cash and cash equivalents
For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial Institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk ofchanges in value.
2.5. Financial instrumentsInitial recognition and measurement:
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized Immediately in profit or loss.
Fair value of financial instruments:
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique.
Information about the valuation techniques and inputs used in determining the fair value of various assets and liabilities are disclosed.
Financial assets
(i) Classification and subsequent measurement
All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured at either amortised cost or fair value depending on their respective classification.
On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as- measured at:
• Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL);
• Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI); or
• Amortized cost.
Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.
Financial assets at amortized cost are subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method. The amortised cost is reduced by Impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain and loss on de-recognition is recognized in profit or loss.
Financial assets at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest Income is recognised using the effective interest (EIR) method. The impairment losses, if any, are recognized through statement of Profit and loss.
The loss allowance is recognized does not reduce the carrying value of the financial asset. On de-recognition, gains and losses accumulated In OCI are reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial assets at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, Including any Interest or dividend income, are recognized in profit or loss.
(ii) Impairment
The Company recognizes impairment allowances using Expected Credit Losses ("ECL”) method on all the financial assets that are not measured at FVPTL:
ECL are probability weighted estimate of credit losses. For ECL all financial loans are classified as follows:
Stage 1: Financials assets that are not credit Impaired.
Stage 2: Financials assets with significant increase in credit risk.
Stage 3: Financials assets that are credit impaired.
Financial assets are written off / fully provided for when there is no reasonable of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof.
However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities under the Company's recovery procedures, taking into account legal advice where appropriate. Any recoveries made are recognised In the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(iii) Derecognition
A financial asset is derecognized only when:
The Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows ofthe financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.
Where the Company has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is de recognised. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership ofthe financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognized.
Where the Company has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset Is derecognlsed if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.
Financial Liabilities
(i) Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as
held for trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognized in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective Interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on de-recognition is also recognized in Statement of Profit or loss.
(ii) Subsequent measurement
Financial liabilities carried at fair value through profit or loss is measured at fair value with all changes in fair value recognized in the Statement of Profit and loss.
(iii) De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.
2.6. Leases
The company does not have any lease assets.
2.7. Property, plant and equipment (PPE)
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition and installation of the assets.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.
Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value
Depreciation is calculated using the Written down method to allocate their cost, net of their residual values, over their estimated useful life prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The Company provides pro-rata depreciation from the date of installation till date the assets are sold or disposed.
De-recognition:
The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.
2.8. Impairment of non-financial assets
At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether there is any indication based on internal and external factors, that an asset may be impaired. If any such Indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. The recoverable amount ofasset is the higher ofits fair value or value in use. Value in use Is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current market assessment of time value of money and the risks specific to it. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount and the reduction is treated as an impairment loss and Is recognized in the statement of profit and loss. All assets are subsequently reassessed for Indications that an impairment loss previously recognized may no longer exist. An Impairment loss Is reversed if there has been a change in estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the .extent that the assets carrying amount would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, had no Impairment loss been recognized.
2.9. Offsetting financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported In the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable In the normal course ofbusiness and In the event of default, Insolvency or bankruptcy ofthe Company or the counterparty.
2.10. Segment reporting
The company has only one segment i.e. Financial Services.
2.11. Provisions and contingencies
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date.
Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognized as finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there Is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it Is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.
2.12. Earnings per share (Ind AS 33)
a) Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit for the period (excluding other comprehensive income) attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus element in equity shares issued during the year.
b) Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share Is computed by dividing the net profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period as adjusted for the effects of all diluted potential equity shares except where the results are anti-dillutive.
2.13. Rounding of amounts
All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest rupees.
2.14. Events after reporting date
Where events occurring after the balance sheet date provide evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period, the impact of such events is adjusted within the financial statements. Otherwise, events after the balance sheet date of material size or nature are only disclosed.
2.15. Risk Management
While risk is inherent in the Company’s activities, it is managed through an integrated risk management framework, including ongoing identification, measurement and monitoring, subject to risk limits and other controls.
The Board of Directors are responsible for the overall risk management approach and for approving the risk management strategies and principles.
Credit risk
The company manages and controls credit risk by setting limits on the amount of risk it is willing to accept for individual counterparties and industry concentrations, and by monitoring exposures in relation to such limits.
NOTE 3: KEY ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgments. Estimates and assumption in the application of accounting policies that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on ongoing basis. Any changes to accounting estimates are recognized prospectively. Information about critical Judgments in applying accounting policies, as well as estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized In the financial statements are in duded in the following notes:
a) Provision and contingent liability: On an ongoing basis, Company reviews pending cases, claims by third parties and other contingencies. For contingent losses that are considered probable, an estimated loss is recorded as an accrual in financial statements. Loss Contingencies that are considered possible are not provided for but disclosed as Contingent liabilities in the financial statements. Contingencies the likelihood of which is remote are not disclosed in the financial statements. Gain contingencies are not recognized until the contingency has been resolved and amounts are received or receivable.
b) Allowance for impairment of financial asset: Judgments are required in assessing the recoverability of overdue loans and determining whether a provision against those loans is required. Factors considered include the aging of past dues, value of collateral and any possible actions that can be taken to mitigate the risk of non-payment.
c) Recognition of deferred tax assets: Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax-loss carry forwards, deductible temporary differences and unused tax credits to the extent that realization of the related tax benefit is probable. The assessment of the probability with regard to the realization of the tax benefit involves assumptions based on the history of the entity and budgeted data for the future.
d) Property, plant and equipment: Management reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of the assets annually in order to determine the amount of depreciation to be recorded during any reporting period. The useful lives and residual values as per schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 or are based on the Company's historical experience with similar assets and taking into account anticipated technological changes, whichever is more appropriate.
e) Fair Value Measurement: Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction in the principal (or most advantageous) market at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., an exit price), regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using a valuation technique. In order to show how fair values have been derived, financial instruments are classified based on a hierarchy of valuation techniques, as explained below:
• Level 1
Units held in mutual funds are measured based on their published net asset value (NAV), taking into account redemption and/or other restrictions. Treasury bills are valued based on market quotes.
• Level 2
Fair value of debt securities, borrowings other than debt securities and subordinated liabilities have estimated by discounting expected future cash flows discounting rate near to report date based on comparable rate / market observable data.
• Level 3
Fair value of loans have estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using discount rate equal to the rate near to the reporting date of the comparable product. Unquoted equity shares are measured at fair value using suitable valuation models viz., net asset value technique.
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