Background:

Zenith Steel Pipes & Industries Limited (the Company) is a Public Limited Company incorporated in India having its registered office at Industry House. 5th Floor. 159. Churchgate Reclamation Mumbai-400 020. India The Company is engaged in the manufacturing and selling of ERW And SAW Pipes.

1. Material accounting policies

(A) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act. 2013 (“the Act”), read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules. 2015 as amended from time to time and other provisions of the Act to the extent notified and applicable.

(B) Basis of preparation of financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for certain assets and liabilities which are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

The statement of financial position (including statement of changes In equity) and the statement of profit and loss are prepared and presented in the format prescribed in Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act. 2013 The cash flow statement has been prepared and presented as per the requirements of Ind AS 7 "Cash Flow Statements’. The disclosure requirements with respect to items In the balance sheet and statement of profit and loss, as prescribed in Schedule III to the Act. are presented by way of notes forming part of accounts along with the other notes required to be disclosed under the notified Accounting Standards.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria as set out under Ind AS and in the Schedule III to the Act Based on the nature of the services and their realisation in Cash and Cash Equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly-issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change In the accounting policy hitherto In use.

The Company's financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?), which is also its functional currency. All amounts have been rounded off to the nearest lakhs unless otherwise indicated Per share data are presented in Indian Rupees

(C) Key Accounting Estimate and Judgements

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions In the application of accounting policies that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities, disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at date of financial statements and reported statement of income and expense for the period presented. Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable Estimates & underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.

Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgements is Included in relevant notes together with the information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.

The areas involving critical estimates or judgements pertaining to revenue recognition, investments, useful life of property, plant and equipment including intangible asset, current tax expense and tax provisions, recognition of deferred tax assets and Provisions and contingent liabilities. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated They are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on the Company and that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances

Impairment of Investments The Company reviews its carrying value of investments in subsidiaries and other entities at cost annually, or more frequently when there is indication for impairment. If the recoverable amount Is less than its carrying amount, the Impairment loss is accounted for.

Useful life of Property. Plant and Equipment including intangible asset: Residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Taxes The Company provides for tax considering the applicable tax regulations and based on probable estimates

The recognition of deferred tax assets is based on estimate of sufficient taxable profits in the Company against which such assets can be utilized

Provisions and contingent liabilities Provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions and contingent liabilities are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Fair Value Measurements: When the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities recorded or disclosed in the Financial Statements cannot be measured at quoted price in the active markets, their fair value is measured using the valuation techniques. The Input to these valuation techniques are taken from observable markets, where possible, but where these is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values.

Leases: The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Identification of a lease requires significant judgement The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate

(D) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized on the basis of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods or services to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable taking into account the amount of discounts, rebates, outgoing taxes on sales of goods or services.

Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable for the goods supplied and services rendered, net of returns, discounts and incentives to customers Revenue excludes amount collected on behalf of third parties viz Goods and Service Tax (GST).

Revenue from contract with customer are recognised when goods are dispatched and the control over the goods sold are transferred to customers.

Revenue from turnkey contracts having performance obligation to be fulfilled over the time are recognised measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. The Company measures the progress using the Output method Costs to fulfill a contract which is directly related to a contract or to an anticipated contract, generates or enhance resources of the Company that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future and expected to be recovered are recognised as an Asset.

Export sales are accounted based on the dates of Bill of Lading.

Interest Income Is accrued on time proportion basis over the period of loan / deposit t Investment except In case of significant uncertainties.

(E) Property, Plant and Equipment:

All items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accmulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the assets and cost incurred for bringing the assets to its present location and condition for its intended use.

Property, plant and equipment which are not ready for intended use as on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as “Capital work-in-progress” and are stated at cost.

Depreciation is provided on a pro-rata basis on the straight line method based on estimated useful life prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

The useful lives have been determined based on technical evaluation done by the management’s expert in order to reflect the actual usage of the assets. The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset. The assets' residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

The residual values, useful lives and method of depreciation of PPE is reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

(F) Intangible Assets:

Separately purchased intangible assets are initially measured at cost. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Subsequently, intangible assets are carried at costless any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues, if not, it is impaired or changed prospectively basis revised estimates.

Finite-life intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over the period of their expected useful lives. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for finite-life intangible assets is reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.The estimated useful lives of the Computer Software for the current and comparative periods is 3 years.

(G) Impairment of Assets:

Impairment of non-financial assets -

Non-financial assets are tested annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they may be impaired. An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is increased/ reversed where there has been change in the estimate of recoverable value. The recoverable value is the higher of the assets’ net selling price and value in use.

Impairment of financial assets -

The Company recognise loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit and loss. Loss allowance for the trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at amount equal to life time ECL. Foi all other financial assets, ECLs are measured at an amount equal to the 12 month ECL, unless there has been significant increase in credit risk from initial recognisation in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of ECLs (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognised is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in profit and loss.

(H) Inventories:

(i) Raw Materials and components, semi-finished goods, finished goods, stores and spares, goods for trade are valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower. Cost formula used is weighted average cost. Cost comprises of cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other cost incurred in bringing the inventory to its present location and condition.

(ii) Goods / Materials in Transit are valued at cost to date.

(iii) Scrap is valued at its estimated realizable value.

(iv) Adequate provisions are made for obsolete inventory based on technical estimates made by the Company.

(I) Foreign Currency Transactions:

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transactions. Net exchange gain or loss resulting in respect of foreign exchange transactions settled during the year is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency which are outstanding as at the year-end, are translated at the year-end at the closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.

(J) Employee Benefits:

(i) Short-term obligations:

Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of availing employee service are classified as short-term employee benefits. This benefits includes salaries and wages, bonus and ex- gratia. The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits to be paid in exchange of employees services are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

(II) Ottioi long-tonn umployuu bunuril obligations:

The liabilities tor earned leave are measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in statement of profit and loss

(III) Post-amployment obligations:

Dwfinwcl contribution plans: A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays specified contributions to a separate entity and has no obligation to pay any further amounts The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Provident Fund and Employees State Insurance Corporation ('ESIC') The Company's contribution is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which employee renders the related service

Defined benefit plans:

The Company's gratuity benefit scheme is a defined benefit plan The Company's net obligation In respect of a defined benefit plan is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods, that benefit is discounted to determine its present value and the fair value of any plan assets is deducted

The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plan is determined based on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit credit Method, which recognizes each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation

The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plan, are based on the market yields on Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date

When the calculation results in a benefit to the Company, the recognised asset is limited to the net total of any unrecognised actuarial losses and past service costs and the present value of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan

(K) Financial Instruments:

A financial Instrument Is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity Instrument of another entity. Financial Instruments also Include derivative contracts such as foreign exchange forward contracts.

Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value Transaction costs tbat are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets end financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in profit or loss

(I) Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets aie subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

(ii) Financial a»»«l» at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

A financial asset is measured at FV/TOCI if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms off the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding

(lit) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets era measured at FVTPL unless they are measured at amortised cost or et FVTOGI on Initial recognition The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognized In the statement of profit and loss.

(Iv) Investment In subsldlai les. associates and Joint venture

Investments In Subsidiaries. Associates and Joint Venture are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. If any. Where an Indication of Impairment exists, the carrying amount of the Investment is assessed and written down Immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint venture, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss

OR

The Company assesses investments in subsidiaries for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable If any such indication exists the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the investment in subsidiary The recoverable amount of such investment is the higher of its fair value less cost of disposal (“FVLCD") and its value-in-use C'VIU ) The VlU of the investment is calculated using projected future cash nows if the recoverable amount of the investment is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised In the statement of profit and loss

(v) Financial liabilities

All financial liabilities are recognized at fair value and in case of loans net of directly attnbutable cost Fees of recurring nature are directly recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as finance cost Financial liabilities are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments

(vi) Equity Instruments

An equity instrument Is a contract that evidences residual Interest In the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments recognised by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received net off direct issue cost.

(vll) Derecognition off financial Instruments

The Company derecognizes a financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) from the Company's Balance Sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.

(L) Borrowing Cost:

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production off an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded es an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

(M) Taxation:

Income tax expense for the year comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Income Tax is recognised In Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised In the comprehensive income or in equity. In which case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or equity. Foreign branches recognize current tax uruJ deferred tax liabilities and assets in accordance with the applicable local laws.

Current tax is the expected tax payable/receivable on the taxable Income/ loss for the year using applicable tax rates at the Balance Sheet date, and any adjustment to taxes In respect of previous years Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax return with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding tax base used for computation of taxable Income.

A deferred tax Assets/ liability is recognised based on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using tax rates enacted, or substantively enacted, by the end of the reporting period Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilised Deferred lax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in OCI or In equity).

current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable rignt to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities, and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.

The Company uses estimates and judgements based on the relevant rulings in the areas of allowances and disallowances which are exercised while determining the provision for income tax

(N) Leases:

The Company as a lessee

The Company has adopted Ind AS 116-Leases effective 1st April, 2019, using the modified retrospective method. The Company has applied the standard to its leases with the cumulative impact recognised on the date of initial application (1st April, 2019). Accordingly, previous period information has not been restated.

The Company’s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for Land and Buildings and Plant & Machinery. The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset

(ii) the Company has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

(iv) the Company has the right to operate the asset; or

(v) the Company designed the assets in a way that predetermined how and for what purpose it will be used.

The Company as a lessor

Leases under which the Company is a lessor are classified as finance or operating leases. Lease contracts where all the risks and rewards are substantially transferred to the lessee, the lease contracts are classified as finance leases. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

For leases under which the Company is an intermediate lessor, the Company accounts for the head-lease and the sub-lease as two separate contracts. The sub-lease is further classified either as a finance lease or an operating lease by reference to the RoU asset arising from the head-lease.

(O) Government Grant/Loan:

Capital grants for project capital subsidy are credited to capital reserve.

The Company has availed mandatory exemption under Ind AS 101 and accordingly, there is no change in accounting treatment on the amount carried forward on the date of transition for sales tax deferral loan / incentive.

(P) Assets Held for Sale

Non-current assets or disposal groups comprising of assets and liabilities are classified as " when all the following criteria are met: (i) decision has been made to sell, (ii) the assets are available for immediate sale in its present condition, (iii) the assets are being actively marketed and (iv) sale has been agreed or is expected to be concluded within 12 months of the Balance Sheet date. Subsequently, such non-current assets and disposal groups classified as ‘held for sale’ are measured at the lower of its carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. Non-current assets helt for sale are not depreciated or amortised.

(Q) Discontinued operations

A discontinued operation is a component of the Company’s business that represents a separate line of business that has been disposed of or is held for sale, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. Classification as a discontinued operation occurs upon the earlier of disposal or when the operation meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale.

(R) Earnings per share (EPS)

In determining Earnings per Share, the Company considers net profit after tax attributable to equity shareholders and includes post tax effect of any exceptional item. Number of shares used in computing basic earnings per share is the weighted average number of the shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive earning per share is computed and disclosed after adjusting effect of all dilutive potential equity shares, if any, except when result will be anti - dilutive. Dilutive potential equity Shares are deemed converted as at the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date.

(S) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

The Company creates a provision where there is present obligation as a result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of resources and <i reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible or a present obligation that may, but probably will not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made. Contingent Assets are disclosed only when an inflow of economic benefit is probable.

(T) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and deposit with banks and corporations. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash to be cash equivalents.

(U) Measurement of Fair value of financial instruments

The Company’s accounting policies and disclosures require measurement of fair values for the financial instruments. The Company has an established control framework with respect to measurement of fair values. The management regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the management assesses evidence obtained from third parties to support the conclusion that such valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including level in the fair value hierarchy in which such valuations should be classified. When measuring the fair value of a financial asset or a financial liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

If inputs used to measure fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of fair value hierarchy, then fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. The Company recognises transfers between levels of fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

(V) RECENT PRONOUNCEMENTS

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA") notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31. 2024, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Company.