LUDLOW JUTE & SPECIALITIES LIMITED Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements Opinion
We have audited the accompanying Financial Statements of Ludlow Jute & Specialities Limited ("the Company"), which comprise the Balance Sheet as at March 31,2025, the Statement of Profit and Loss (including Other Comprehensive Income), the Statement of Changes in Equity and the Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended on that date, and the notes to Financial Statements, including a summary of Material Accounting Policies generally accepted in India, and other explanatory information of the state of affairs of the Company.
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the aforesaid financial statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013 (the "Act") in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the Indian Accounting Standards prescribed under section 133 of the Act, ("Ind AS") and other accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of the company as at March 31,2025, and its loss, total comprehensive income, its cash flows and the changes in equity for the year ended on that date.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit of the Financial Statements in accordance with the Standards on Auditing (SAs) specified under section 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's Responsibility for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the Financial Statements under the provisions of the Act and the Rules made thereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the ICAI's Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence obtained by us is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion on the Financial Statements.
Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the Financial Statements for the financial year ended March 31, 2025. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the Financial Statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. For each matter below, our description of how our audit addressed the matter is provided in that context.
We have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report. We have fulfilled the responsibilities described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Statements section of our report, including in relation to these matters. Accordingly, our audit included the performance of procedures designed to respond to our assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the Standalone Financial Statements. The results of our audit procedures, including the procedures performed to address the matters below, provide the basis for our audit opinion on the accompanying Financial Statements.
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Key audit matters
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How our audit addressed the key audit matter
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Changes in Valuation Method of Gratuity: The Company has reviewed its actuarial provision for gratuity based on legal opinion obtained on gratuity payable for specific segment of employees. Based on the opinion, the gratuity provision has been computed and one-time reversal of provision amounting to Rs. 1,763 Lakhs has been recorded in the books of account under the head Other Comprehensive Income.
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i) Reviewed the legal opinion obtained by the Company and assessed its implications on the eligibility of gratuity in consultation with management and, where necessary, legal experts.
ii) Verified the revised actuarial valuation report, ensuring it incorporated the changes arising from the legal opinion, and reperformed calculations.
iii) Evaluated the accounting treatment of the reversal under Ind AS 19, ensuring its correct presentation under Other Comprehensive Income and adequate disclosure in the financial statements.
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Inventory Valuation & existence (Refer to note 11 to the Financial Statements)
As described in the accounting policies in note 3.6 to the Financial Statements, inventories are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Inventories valuation and existence is a significant audit risk. This could result in an overstatement of the value of the inventories if the cost is higher than the net realisable value. Furthermore, the assessment and application of inventories provisions are subject to significant management judgment.
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i) We completed a walkthrough of the inventory valuation process and assessed the design and implementation of the key controls addressing the risk
ii) We assessed the adequacy of controls over the existence of Inventory of Finished goods and raw materials
iii) We also tested sample of inventories items to ensure they were held at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Based on the audit procedures performed, we did not identify any significant deviation to the process of Inventory valuation.
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Key audit matters
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How our audit addressed the key audit matter
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Assessment of litigations in respect of Taxes & Duties matter
[Refer to note 36(i) to the Financial Statements]
The company has litigations in respect of Taxes & Duties matter which have been disclosed under Contingent liabilities as at 31st March, 2025.
Significant management judgment is required to assess these matters and to determine the probability of material outflow of economic resources and whether a provision should be recognized or disclosure to be made.
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i) We obtained a detailed understanding, assessed and tested the design and operating effectiveness of controls surrounding assessment of litigations.
ii) We discussed with the management the recent developments and status of these matters. We have also gone through recent judicial pronouncements, wherever relevant, to establish appropriateness of disclosures.
iii) We performed our assessment on the underlying calculations supporting the disclosure made in the Financial Statements.
iv) We assessed the adequacy of the Company's disclosures.
Based on the audit procedures performed, we did not identify any significant deviation to the assessment made by the management in respect of disclosures made under Contingent liabilities in respect of Taxes & Duties matters in the Financial Statements.
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Recognition of Deferred Tax Asset on current year loss {Refer to note 9 to the Financial Statements}
During the current financial year, the company has incurred significant losses on which a substantial deferred tax asset is created.
Given the magnitude of current year losses and the consequential impact on the financial statements, the assessment of the recoverability of the deferred tax asset created is a key audit matter.
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i) We have evaluated the assumptions used by management to forecast future taxable profits, this includes reviewing the detailed financial projections and understanding the basis for revenue growth and cost assumptions.
ii) We have also compared management's past forecast to assess the reliability of their forecasting methodologies
Based on the management's estimates and budgeted plans for the coming years, the Deferred Tax Asset has been created against the Losses incurred in the current year.
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Information Other than the Financial Statements and Auditor's Report Thereon
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report, but does not include the Financial Statements and our auditor's report thereon.
Our opinion on the Financial Statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the Financial Statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the Financial Statements or our knowledge obtained during the course of our audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.
Responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for the Financial Statements
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the matters stated in section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparation of these Financial Statements that give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company as at 31st March, 2025, its Profit including other comprehensive income, Changes in equity and its Cash flows in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) specified under section 133 of the Act read with (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended. This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding the assets of the Company and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selection and application of appropriate accounting policies, making judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the Financial Statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the Financial Statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Board of Directors either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
The Company's Board of Directors are also responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process.
Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Financial Statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these Financial Statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the Financial Statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal financial controls relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3)(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the Company has adequate internal financial controls with reference to financial statements in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the Financial Statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the Financial Statements, including the disclosures, and whether the Financial Statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
Materiality is the magnitude of misstatements in the Financial Statements that, individually or in aggregate, makes it probable that the economic decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable user of the Financial Statements may be influenced. We consider quantitative materiality and qualitative factors in (i) planning the scope of our audit work and in evaluating the results of our work; and (ii) to evaluate the effect of any identified misstatements in the Financial Statements.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the Financial Statements for the financial year ended March 31, 2025 and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 ("the Order"), issued by the Central Government in terms of Section 143(11) of the Act, we give in "Annexure A" a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order.
2. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, based on our audit we report that:
a) We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of our audit;
b) In our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company so far as it appears from our examination of those books except the matters stated in paragraph 2(i)(vi) below on reporting under rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014;
c) The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss including the Statement of Other Comprehensive Income, Statement of Changes in Equity and the Statement of Cash Flow dealt with by this Report are in agreement with the relevant books of account;
d) In our opinion, the aforesaid Financial Statements comply with the Ind-AS specified under Section 133 of the Act, read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended from time to time;
e) On the basis of the written representations received from the directors as on March 31, 2025 taken on record by the Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as on March 31,2025 from being appointed as a director in terms of Section 164 (2) of the Act;
f) With respect to maintenance of accounts and other matters connected therein, reference is made to our remarks in paragraph 2(b) above on reporting under section 143(3)(b) of the Act;
g) With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controls over financial reporting of the Company with reference to these Financial Statements and the operating effectiveness of such controls, refer to our separate Report in "Annexure B". Our report expresses an unmodified opinion on the adequacy and operating effectiveness of the Company's internal financial controls over financial reporting;
h) In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the managerial remuneration paid/provided by the Company to its directors during the year is in accordance with the provisions of section 197 read with Schedule V to the Act; and
i) With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, as amended in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
i. The Company has disclosed the impact of pending litigations on its financial position in its Financial Statements, Refer Note 36 (i);
ii. The Company has made provision, as required under the applicable law or accounting standards, for material foreseeable losses, if any, on long-term contracts including derivative contracts - Refer Note 47 to the Financial Statements;
iii. There has been no delay in transferring amounts, required to be transferred, to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Company during the year ended 31st March, 2025.
iv. (a) The Management has represented to us that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, no funds have been advanced
or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the company to or in any other person(s) or entities, including foreign entities ("intermediaries"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the intermediary shall, whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company ("Ultimate Beneficiary") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries;
(b) The Management has represented to us that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, no funds have been received by the company from any person(s) or entities, including foreign entities ("Funding Parties"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the company shall, whether, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries; and.
(c) Based on our audit procedures that are considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the representations under sub-clause (i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e) as provided under paragraph 2(h) (iv)(a) &(b) above, contain any material mis-statement.
v. The company did not pay any dividend during the year. Further, there was no dividend declared in the current financial year.
vi. Based on our examination, which included test checks, the Company has used accounting software for maintaining its books of account. These systems include an audit trail (edit log) feature that was operational throughout the year, except the audit trail feature in the software used for payroll is not available. Further, the audit trail functionality in the books of accounts do not capture or document direct data modifications made at the database level.
During the course of our audit, we did not come across any instance of the audit trail feature being tampered with, in respect of accounting software for the period for which the audit trail feature was enabled and operating and the audit trail has been preserved by the company as per the statutory requirements for record retention.
For J K V S & CO
Chartered Accountants
Firm's Registration No.318086E
SUPRIO GHATAK
Partner
Place: Kolkata Membership No.: 051889
Date: the 22nd Day of May, 2025 UDIN: 25051889BMKNKU2628
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