l. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent
Assets
Provisions
General
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Contingent liability
Contingent liability is-
(a) a possible obligation arising from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity or
(b) a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognized because
- it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation or
- the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability.
The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence and other required disclosures in notes to the financial statements, unless the possibility of any outflow in settlement is remote.
Contingent liabilities recognised in a business combination
A contingent liability recognised in a business combination is initially measured at its fair value. Subsequently, it is measured at the higher of the amount that would be recognised in accordance with the requirements for provisions above or the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, cumulative amortisation recognised in accordance with the requirements for revenue recognition.
Contingent Asset
A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by- the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity. The Company does not recognize the contingent asset in its standalone financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. Where an inflow of economic benefits is probable, the Company disclose a brief description of the nature of contingent assets at the end of the reporting period. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and the Company recognize such assets.
Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each reporting date.
m. Retirement and other employee benefits Defined contribution plan
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
Defined benefit plan (gratuity obligations)
The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan, in which contributions are made to a separately administered and approved gratuity fund.
The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit gratuity plan is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method.
Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:
• The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and
• The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs.
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the standalone statement of profit and loss:
• Service costs comprising current service costs, past- service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and
• Net interest expense or income.
Compensated absences
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date. The Company recognizes expected cost of short-term employee benefit as an expense, when an employee renders the related service.
The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long¬ term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the reporting date. Remeasurement gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting date.
n. Share-based payments
Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
Equity-settled transactions
The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. Further details are given in Note 31.
That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company's best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit in the statement of profit and loss for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.
Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company's best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.
No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.
When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award, provided the original vesting terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share- based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
o. Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI), and fair value through profit or loss.
The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset's contractual cash flow characteristics and the Company's business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient, the Company initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under Ind AS 115. Refer to the accounting policies in section (e) Revenue from contracts with customers.
In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are 'solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)' on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level. Financial assets with cash flows that are not SPPI are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model.
The Company's business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both. Financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost are held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows while financial assets classified and measured at fair value through OCI are held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling.
Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in following categories:
• Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)
• Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)
A 'financial asset' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method and are subject to impairment as per the accounting policy applicable to 'Impairment of financial assets.' Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss. The Company's financial assets at amortised cost includes trade receivables, security deposits and loan to an associate included under other current and non current financial assets. For more information on financial assets, refer Note 11 and for receivables, refer to Note 9.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets in this category are those that are held for trading and have been either designated by management upon initial recognition or are mandatorily required to be measured at fair value under Ind AS 109 i.e. they do not meet the criteria for classification as measured at amortised cost or FVOCI. Management only designates an instrument at FVTPL upon initial recognition, if the designation eliminates, or significantly reduces, the inconsistent treatment that would otherwise arise from measuring the assets or liabilities or recognising gains or losses on them on a different basis. Such designation is determined on an instrument-by¬ instrument basis. For the Company, this category includes derivative instruments and investments in mutual funds. The Company has not designated any financial assets at FVTPL.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the balance sheet at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Embedded Derivatives
A derivative embedded in a hybrid contract, with a financial liability or non-financial host, is separated from the host and accounted for as a separate derivative if: the economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host; a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative; and the hybrid contract is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss category.
Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e., removed from the Company's standalone balance sheet) when:
• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
• The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability.
The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.
Impairment of financial assets
Further disclosures relating to impairment of financial assets are also provided in the following notes:
• Disclosures for significant assumptions - see Note 38
• Trade receivables and contract assets - see Note 8
The Company considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 180 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Company may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Company is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into a ccount a ny credit enhancements held by the Company. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables and other financial liabilities.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial liabilities are classified in two categories:
• Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
• Financial liabilities at amortised cost
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.
Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/losses are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit or loss.
Financial liabilities at amortised cost
This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Standalone balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
p. Equity vs. financial liability classification
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. The Company classifies a financial instrument issued by it as equity instrument only if below conditions are met:
• The instrument includes no contractual obligation to deliver cash or another financial asset to another entity. Nor it includes any obligation to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another entity under conditions that are potentially unfavourable to the issuer.
• If the instrument will, or may, be settled in the Company's own equity instruments, it is non-derivative instrument that includes no contractual obligation for the Company to deliver a variable number of its own equity instruments. If the instrument is derivative, then
it should be settled only by the Company exchanging a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of its own equity instruments.
All other instruments are classified as financial liability and accounted for using the accounting policy applicable to the Financial Liabilities.
q. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the standalone statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short¬ term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company's cash management.
r. Dividend
The Company recognises a liability to pay dividend to equity holders of the Company when the distribution is authorised, and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.
s. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss attributable to equity holders of Company (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders of the Company and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
2.3 New and amended standards
The Company applied for the first-time certain standards and amendments, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2025. The Company has not early adopted any standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is not yet effective.
(i) Amendments to Ind AS 21 - Lack of exchangeability
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2025, which amend Ind AS 21, The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates to specify how an entity should assess whether a currency is exchangeable and how it should determine a spot exchange rate when exchangeability is lacking. The amendments also require disclosure of information that enables users of its financial statements
to understand how the currency not being exchangeable into the other currency affects, or is expected to affect, the entity's financial performance, financial position and cash flows.
The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2025. When applying the amendments, an entity cannot restate comparative information.
The amendments do not have a material impact on the Company's standalone financial statements.
(ii) Amendments to Ind AS 1 - Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non current and Non current Liabilities with Covenants
In August 2025, the MCA notified amendments to paragraphs 69 to 76 of Ind AS 1 to specify the requirements for classifying liabilities as current or non current. The amendments clarify:
• What is meant by a right to defer settlement
• That a right to defer must exist at the end of the reporting period
• That classification is unaffected by the likelihood that an entity will exercise its deferral right
• That only if an embedded derivative in a convertible liability is itself an equity instrument would the terms of a liability not impact its classification
In addition, a requirement has been introduced to require disclosure when a liability arising from a loan agreement is classified as non current and the entity's right to defer settlement is contingent on compliance with future covenants within twelve months.
If there is a breach of a material covenant of a long term loan arrangement on or before the end of the reporting period, resulting in the liability becoming payable on demand as at the reporting date, and the lender agrees—after the reporting period but before the financial statements are approved for issue—not to demand repayment for at least 12 months as a consequence of the breach, this shall be treated as an adjusting event. Accordingly, the entity is not required to classify the liability as current.
The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2025 retrospectively in accordance with Ind AS 8.
The amendments have not had an impact on the classification of Company's liabilities.
(iii) Amendments to Ind AS 7 and Ind AS 107 - Supplier Finance Arrangements
In August 2025, the MCA notified amendments to Ind AS 7 Statement of Cash Flows and Ind AS 107 Financial Instruments: Disclosures to clarify the characteristics of supplier finance arrangements and require additional disclosure of such arrangements. The disclosure requirements in the amendments are intended to assist users of financial statements in understanding the effects of supplier finance arrangements on an entity's liabilities, cash flows and exposure to liquidity risk.
The amendments do not have a material impact on the Company's standalone financial statements.
(iv) International Tax Reform—Pillar Two Model Rules - Amendments to Ind AS 12
In August 2025, the MCA notified amendments to Ind AS 12 Income Taxes in response to the OECD's BEPS Pillar Two rules and include:
• A mandatory temporary exception to the recognition and disclosure of deferred taxes arising from the jurisdictional implementation of the Pillar Two model rules; and
• Disclosure requirements for affected entities to help users of the financial statements better understand an entity's exposure to Pillar Two income taxes arising from that legislation, particularly before its effective date.
The mandatory temporary exception - the use of which is required to be disclosed - applies immediately. The remaining disclosure requirements apply for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2025, but not for any interim periods ending on or before 31 March 2026.
The amendments had no impact on the Company's standalone financial statements as the Company is not in scope of the Pillar Two model rules.
2.4 Standards notified but not yet effective
The amendments to the standards that are notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the Company's financial statements are disclosed below. The Company will adopt these amendments to the standards, when they become effective.
(i) Amendments to Ind AS 1 - Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non current and Non current Liabilities with Covenants and Ind AS 10 Events after the Reporting Period
Ind AS 10 has been amended to remove the previous treatment under which a lender's post reporting date waiver—granted before the financial statements were approved for issue—of a breach of a material covenant in a long term loan arrangement that occurred on or before the end of the reporting period, resulting in the liability becoming payable on demand at the reporting date, was regarded as an adjusting event (Refer note 2.3).
For annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2026, any breach of a covenant—whether material or immaterial—occurring on or before the reporting date will, in accordance with Ind AS 1, require the related liability to be classified as current, unless the lender has granted a waiver of the breach on or before the reporting date and has agreed not to demand repayment for at least 12 months after the reporting date as a consequence of the breach. Such a waiver shall be treated as an adjusting event.
The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2026 retrospectively in accordance with Ind AS 8.
No trade or other receivable are due from directors or other officers of the company either severally or jointly with any other person. Nor any trade or other receivable are due from firms or private companies respectively in which any director is a partner, a director or a member, other than those disclosed in note 40.
Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are normally settled on 30-60 days terms.
Refer note 32 on credit risk of trade receivables, which explains how the Company manages and measures credit quality of trade receivables that are neither past due or impaired. For terms and conditions relating to related party receivables, refer note 43.
*The Board of Directors at its meeting held on 15 May 2025 approved a proposal to buyback fully paid up 215,520 equity shares of the Company having a face value of ' 10 each at a price of ' 464 per equity share, for an aggregate amount not exceeding ' 1,000 lakhs through tender offer process in accordance with Companies Act, 2013 and rules made thereunder, and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Buy-Back of Securities) Regulations, 2018 (the 'SEBI Buyback Regulations') as amended. The buyback issue opened on 02 June 2025 and closed on 06 June 2025 (both days inclusive). In accordance with relevant statutory provisions, the Company has created a capital redemption reserve of ' 22 lakhs, equal to the nominal value of shares bought back, as an appropriation from retained earnings.
b. Terms/rights attached to equity shares
The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of ' 10 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.
In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by shareholders.
Nature and purpose of reserves:
14.1 Securities premium
Securities premium is used to record the premium on issue of shares. The reserve can be utilised only for limited purposes such as issuance of bonus shares in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.
14.2 Capital reserve
Capital reserve represents the difference between value of the net assets transferred to the Company in the course of business combinations and the consideration paid for such combinations.
14.3 Share based payment reserve
The Company has two share option schemes under which options to subscribe for the Company's shares have been granted to certain executives and senior employees. The share-based payment reserve is used to recognise the value of equity-settled share-based payments provided to employees, including key management personnel, as part of their remuneration.
Refer note 31 for further details of these plans.
14.4 General reserve
General reserve is the retained earning of the Company which is kept aside out of the Company's profits to meet future (known or unknown) obligations.
14.5 Retained earnings
Retained earnings are created from the profit/loss of the Company, as adjusted for distributions to owners, transfers to other reserves, etc.
14.6 Capital redemeption reserve
Capital Redemption Reserve is created on redemption or buy-back of the Company's own shares out of profits otherwise available for distribution. The reserve represents the amount transferred from retained earnings equivalent to the nominal value of the shares redeemed. This reserve is maintained in accordance with statutory requirements and may be utilized only for issuing fully paid bonus shares.
The Company has arrangements with the customer which are on "time and material” basis. The performance obligation in case of time and material contracts is satisfied over time. Revenue is recognised as and when the services are performed.
The Company also performs work under "fixed-price” arrangements. Revenue from fixed-price contracts is recognized as per the 'percentage- of-completion' method, where the performance obligations are satisfied over time and when there is no uncertainty as to measurement or collectability of consideration. When there is uncertainty as to measurement or ultimate collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved. Percentage of completion is determined based on the project costs incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated project costs required to complete the project. The input method has been used to measure the progress towards completion as there is direct relationship between input and productivity.
Contract liabilities represents the obligation of the Company to perform services for which the entity has received consideration from the customer.
NOTE 24.1: New Labour codes
The Government of India has consolidated 29 existing labour legislations into a united framework comprising four Labour Codes viz Code on Wages, 2019, Industrial Relations Code, 2020, Code on Social Security, 2020, and Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 (collectively referred to as 'the New Labour Codes'). The New Labour Codes have been made effective from 21 November 2025. The Ministry of Labour & Employment published draft Central Rules and FAQs to enable assessment of the financial impact due to changes in regulations.
The Company has considered restructured compensation of its employees with effect from 01 January 2026, and assessed the impact of the changes, consistent with the Labour Codes, draft rules and FAQs. Basis the Company's assessment, there is no material impact on the standalone financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2026. The Company continues to monitor the finalisation of Central/State Rules and clarifications from the Government on other aspects of the New Labour Codes and would provide appropriate accounting effect on the basis of such developments as needed.
NOTE 28: EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)
Basic EPS amounts are calculated by dividing the profit for the year attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted EPS amounts are calculated by dividing the profit attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of Equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential Equity shares into Equity shares.
NOTE 29: EMPLOYEE BENEFIT OBLIGATION A: Defined contribution plan
The Company makes Provident fund and Employee State Insurance Scheme contributions which are defined contribution plans, for qualifying employees. Under the schemes, the Company is required to contribute a specified percentage of the payroll costs to fund the benefits. The Company recognised ' 624 Lakhs for the year ended 31 March 2026 (' 501 lakhs for the year ended 31 March 2025) for Provident Fund contributions in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The contributions payable to these plans by the Company are at rates specified in the rules of the schemes.
B: Defined benefit plan
The Company has a defined benefit post employment gratuity plan. Every employee who has completed five years or more of service gets a gratuity pay-out as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972.
The Company operates gratuity plan through LIC's Group Gratuity scheme where every employee is entitled to the benefit equivalent to fifteen days salary last drawn for each completed year of service. The same is payable on termination of service or retirement whichever is earlier. The benefit vests after five years of continuous service.
The following table sets out the components of net gratuity benefit expense recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss and the funded status and amounts recognised in the Balance Sheet for the respective plans:
c) Major risks to the plan
A. Actual Risk:
It is risk that benefits will cost more than expected. This can arise due to adverse salary growth experience, variability in mortality rates and in withdrawl rates.
B. Investment Risk:
For funded plans that rely on insurers for managing the assets, the value of assets certified by the insurer may not be the fair value investment backing the liability. In such cases, the present value of the assets is independent of the future discount rate. This can result in wide fluctuations in the net liability or the funded status if there are significant changes in the discount rate during the inter-valuation period.
C. Liquidity Risk:
Employees with high salaries and long duration or those higher in heirarchy, accumulate significant level of benefits. If some of such employees resign/retire from the Group there can be strain on the cash flows.
D. Market Risk:
Market risk is a collective term for risks that are related to the changes and fluctuations of the financial markets. One actuarial assumption has a material effect in the discount rate. The discount rate reflects the time value of money. An increase in the discounting rate leads to decrease in the defined beneft obligation of the plan benefits and vice versa. This assumption depends on the corporate/government bonds and hence the valuation of liability is exposed to fluctuations in the yields as at teh valuation date.
NOTE 30: SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company is primarily engaged in business of software development services, specializing in business application development for web and mobile and operate at Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) level 5, which is considered by the management to constitute one business segment. Accordingly, there is no other separate reportable segment as defined by Ind AS 108 "Operating Segments”, however the company has presented geographical information in the consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 31: SHARE BASED PAYMENT General Employee Share-option Plan
The employee stock option plan is designed to provide incentives to the employees of the company to deliver long¬ term returns and is an equity settled plan. The ESOP Scheme is administered by the Nomination and Remuneration committee. Participation in the plan is at the Nomination and Remuneration committee's discretion and no individual has a contractual right to participate in the pIan or to receive any guaranteed benefits. The Nomination and remuneration committee of the company has approved multiple grants with related vesting conditions. Vesting of the options would be subject to continuous employment with the company and hence the options would vest with passage of time. The ESOP schemes have service condition, which require the employee to complete a period of 5 years of continuous service, as a vesting condition. The vesting pattern of various schemes has been provided below:
Each of these scheme has in total 5 grants, to be announced every year for the next 4 years from the date of the first grant, and vesting period for all these granted options is 5 years from the date of the first grant.
NOTE 32: FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The Company's principal financial liabilities, other than derivatives, comprise employee payable, lease payable, trade and and other payables. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company's operations and to provide guarantees to support its operations. The Company's principal financial assets include investments, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, and other
financial assets that derive directly from its operations. The Company also holds investments in debt and equity instruments and enters into derivative transactions.
The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and interest rate risk. The Company's senior management oversees the management of these risks. The Company's senior management is supported by a financial risk committee that advises on financial risks and the appropriate financial risk governance framework for the
Company. The financial risk committee provides assurance to the Company's senior management that the Company's financial risk activities are governed by appropriate policies and procedures and that financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the Company's policies and risk objectives. AH derivative activities for risk management purposes are carried out by specialist teams that have the appropriate skills, experience and supervision. It is the Company's policy that no trading in derivatives for speculative purposes may be undertaken. The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below.
(a) Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: interest rate risk, currency risk and other price risk, such as equity price risk and commodity risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk include trade receivable and investments and derivative financial instruments.
Foreign currency risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Company's operating activities (when revenue or expense is denominated in a foreign currency) and the Company's net investments in foreign subsidiaries.
The Company has a policy to keep 50 % forex exposure on the books that are likely to occur within a maximum 12-month period for hedges of foreign currency exposure of the underlying transactions.
When a derivative is entered into for the purpose of being a hedge, the Company negotiates the terms of those derivatives to match the terms of the hedged exposure. For hedges of forecast transactions the derivatives cover the period of exposure from the point the cash flows of the transactions are forecasted up to the point of settlement of the resulting receivable or payable that is denominated in the foreign currency.
Foreign currency sensitivity
The following tables demonstrate the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in USD, AED & Euro exchange rates, with all other variables held constant. The impact on the Company's profit before tax is due to changes in the fair value of monetary assets and liabilities including non-designated foreign currency derivatives. The Company's exposure to foreign currency changes for all other currencies is not material.
Equity price risk
The Company's listed equity securities/mutual fund investments are susceptible to market price risk arising from uncertainties about future values of the investment securities. The Company manages the equity price risk through diversification and by placing limits on individual and total equity instruments. Reports on the equity portfolio are submitted to the Company's senior management on a regular basis. The Company's Board of Directors reviews and approves all equity investment decisions.
At the reporting date, the exposure to mutual funds (with equity component) was ' 1,911 Lakhs (31 March 2025: ' 1,801 Lakhs).
(b) Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Company is
exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables) and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks, foreign exchange transactions and other financial instruments.
Trade receivables
Customer credit risk is managed by each business unit subject to the Company's established policy, procedures and control relating to customer credit risk management. Credit quality of a customer is assessed based on an extensive credit rating scorecard and individual credit limits are defined in accordance with this assessment. At March 31, 2026, the Company had 3 customers (March 31, 2025: 7 customers) that owed the Company more than 5% each of total receivable and accounted for approximately 66% (March 31, 2025: 76.56%) of all the receivables outstanding. At March 31, 2026, the Company had 2 customer (March 31, 2025: 3 customers) that owed the Company more than 10% each of total receivable.
Financial instruments and cash deposits
Credit risk from balances with banks and financial institutions is managed by the Company's treasury department in accordance with the Company's policy. Investments of surplus funds are made only with approved counterparties and within credit limits assigned to each counterparty. Counterparty credit limits are reviewed by the Company's Board of Directors on an annual basis, and may be updated throughout the year. The limits are set to minimise the concentration of risks and therefore mitigate financial loss through counterparty's potential failure to make payments.
The Company's maximum exposure to credit risk for the components of the balance sheet as at 31 March 2026 and 31 March 2025 is the carrying amounts of each class of financial assets.
(c) Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company may encounter difficulty in meeting its present and future obligations associated with financial liabilities that are required to be settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company's objective is to, at all times, maintain optimum levels of liquidity to meet its cash and collateral obligations. The Company requires funds both for short term operational needs as well as for long term investment programs mainly in growth projects. The Company closely monitors its liquidity position and deploys a robust cash management system. It aims to minimise these risks by generating sufficient cash flows from its current operations, which in addition to the available cash and cash equivalents, liquid investments and sufficient committed fund facilities, will provide liquidity.
(d)Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates.
The company doesn't have any borrowing during the current year, and hence it is not exposed to risk of changes in market interest rates. Hence sensitivity with respect to change in interest rates is not given.
NOTE 33: CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
For the purpose of the Company's capital management, capital includes issued equity capital and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the Company. The primary objective of the Company's capital management is to ensure that it maintains a strong credit rating and healthy capital ratios in order to support its business and maximise shareholder value.
NOTE 36: LEASES
The Company has lease contracts for immovable property ranging between 3 and 5 years. The Company's obligations under its leases are secured by the lessor's title to the leased assets. Generally, the Company is restricted from assigning and subleasing the leased assets. There are several lease contracts that include extension and termination options and variable lease payments, which are further discussed below.
The Company's significant leasing arrangements are in respect of office premises taken on leave and licence basis.
(i) The following is the summary of practical expedients elected:
a) Applied a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases of similar assets in similar economic environment with a similar end date.
b) Applied the exemption not to recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases: a. with less than 12 months of lease term on the date of initial application.
(ii) The effect of depreciation and interest related to Right of use asset and lease liability are reflected in the Statement of Profit and Loss under the heading "Depreciation and Amortisation Expense” and "Finance costs” (Refer note 25 & 26).
(iii) The weighted average incremental borrowing rate applied to lease liabilities for FY 25-26 is 7.75%.
NOTE 37: HEDGING ACTIVITIES AND DERIVATIVES
The Company is exposed to certain risk relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risk managed using derivative instruments is foreign currency risk.
The company's risk management strategy and how it is applied to manage risk is explained in note 32.
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to manage some of its transaction exposures. The foreign exchange forward contracts are not designated as cash flow hedges and are entered into for periods consistent with foreign currency exposure of the underlying transactions, generally from 1 to 6 months.
Foreign currency risk:
The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to foreign currency transaction risks arising primarily from forecast USD and EURO - denominated sales. As at the reporting date, approximately 50% of the Company's expected sales in USD and EURO are covered through such forward contracts. These derivative instruments are entered into for risk management purposes; however, they are not designated as hedging instruments under Ind AS 109. Accordingly, the forward contracts are measured at fair value at each reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The outstanding forward contract balances vary based on the level of expected foreign currency sales and movements in forward foreign exchange rates. The Company does not apply hedge accounting as the contracts are not formally designated as hedging relationships in accordance with Ind AS 109.
NOTE 38: SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS
The preparation of the Company's standalone financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
Other disclosures relating to the Company's exposure to risks and uncertainties includes:
Capital management Note 33
Sensitivity analysis disclosures Note 32
Financial risk management objectives and policies Note 32
Judgements
Determining the lease term of contracts with renewal and termination options - Company as lessee
The Company determines the lease term as the non¬ cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised.
The Company has several lease contracts that include extension and termination options. The Company applies judgement in evaluating whether it is reasonably certain whether or not to exercise the option to renew or terminate the lease. That is, it considers all relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise either the renewal or termination. After the commencement date, the Company reassesses the lease term if there is a significant event or change in circumstances that is within its control and affects its ability to exercise or not
to exercise the option to renew or to terminate (e.g., construction of significant leasehold improvements or significant customisation to the leased asset).
Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
(i) Defined employee benefit plans (Gratuity)
The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation.
The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables for the specific countries. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates for the respective countries. Further details about gratuity obligations are given in note 29.
(ii) Estimating the incremental borrowing rate - leases
The Company cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in the lease, therefore, it uses its incremental borrowing rate (IBR) to measure lease liabilities. The IBR is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. The IBR therefore reflects what the Company 'would have to pay', which requires estimation when no observable rates are available or when they need to be adjusted to reflect the terms and conditions of the lease.
The Company estimates the IBR using observable inputs (such as market interest rates) when available and is required to make certain entity-specific estimates.
(iii) Allowance for uncollectible trade receivables
The Company uses a provision matrix to calculate ECLs for trade receivables. The provision rates are based on days past due for groupings of various customer segments that have similar loss patterns (i.e., by geography, product type, customer type and rating etc.). The provision matrix is initially based on the Company's historical observed default rates. The Company will calibrate the matrix to adjust the historical credit loss experience with forward-looking information. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward¬ looking estimates are analysed.
The assessment of the correlation between historical observed default rates, forecast economic conditions and ECLs is a significant estimate. The amount of ECLs is sensitive to changes in circumstances and of forecast economic conditions. The Company's historical credit loss experience and forecast of economic conditions may also not be representative of customer's actual default in the future.
(iv) Share-based payments
The Company measures the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees using Black Scholes model to determine the fair value of options. Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions relating to vesting of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and assumptions about them. The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed in Note 31.
(v) Impairment of investment in subsidiary
The Company tests whether there is any indication of impairment in investment in subsidiaries at least on an annual basis. In case of such indication, the recoverable amount of a particular investment is determined based on value-in¬ use calculations of underlying Cash generating Unit (CGU) which require the use of assumptions. The calculations use cash flow projections based on financial budgets approved by management covering a five-year period. Cash flows beyond the five-year period are extrapolated using the estimated growth, consistent with industry forecasts. The growth rates are consistent with forecasts included in industry reports specific to the industry in which each CGU operates.
(vi) Deferred taxes
At each reporting date, the company assesses whether the realization of future tax benefits is sufficiently probable to recognize/carry forward deferred tax assets (including MAT credits). This assessment requires the use of significant estimates/ assumptions with respect to assessment of future taxable income. The recorded amount of total deferred tax assets could change if estimates of projected future taxable income change or if changes in current tax regulations are enacted. (Refer note 21)
NOTE 40: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES(a) Commitments
Estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for as at 31 March 2026 is ' Nil (31 March 2025: ' Nil).
(b) Contingent Liabilities
The contingent liabilities for the company as at 31 March 2026 are Nil (31 March 2025: NIL).
(c) Financial Guarantee
The company has not given any financial guarantee on its behalf or on behalf of its subsidiaries.
NOTE 41: AMALGAMATION OF INFOBEANS CLOUDTECH LIMITED WITH THE COMPANY
The Board of Directors of the Company at its meeting dated 02 May 2025 have approved the draft scheme of amalgamation of Infobeans Cloudtech Limited (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company) with the Company under Sections 230 to 232 and other applicable provisions, if any, of the Companies Act, 2013 ('the Act') subject to the requisite approvals under the Act and the sanction of the scheme by National Company Law Tribunal ("NCLT”). The appointed date of the said scheme is April 01, 2025 or such other date as may be approved by the NCLT or any other competent authority. No effect of the scheme has been given in the standalone financial statements as the same is yet to be approved by NCLT.
NOTE 42: MAINTENANCE OF BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT TRAIL
As required by Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, the Company has used Tally ERP accounting software for maintaining its books of account which has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software. Further, management has not come across any instance of the audit trail feature being tampered with in respect of Tally ERP accounting software where the audit trail has been enabled. Additionally, the audit trail of relevant prior year has been preserved by the Company as per the statutory requirements for record retention, to the extent it was enabled and recorded in that year.
For payroll processing, the Company has used a software which is operated by a third-party software service provider. Based on the Service Organisation Controls report in respect of such third-party service provider as obtained by the management, the accounting software used by such third-party service provider has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility; and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in that software. Further, the Management did not come across any instance of the audit trail feature being tampered with, in respect of such software where the audit trail has been enabled. Further, in respect of the financial years ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, in the absence of Service Organisation Controls report, we are unable to assess whether the audit trail has been preserved as per the statutory requirements for record retention.
Further, the Company has used accounting software to maintain revenue records which does not have the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility.
Terms and conditions of transactions with related parties
1. Sales to related parties and concerned balances
For terms of transaction
Sales to related parties are made in the ordinary course of business. The Company mutually negotiates and agrees sales price and payment terms with the related parties. Such sales generally include payment terms requiring related party to make payment within 15 to 30 days from the date of invoice (31 March 2025: within 15 to 30 days from the date of invoice).
For terms of balance
Trade receivables outstanding balances are unsecured, interest free and require settlement in cash. No guarantee or other security has been received against these receivables. The amounts are recoverable within 15 to 30 days from the reporting date (31 March 2025: 15 to 30 days from the reporting date). For the year ended 31 March 2026, the
Company has not recorded any impairment on receivables due from related parties (31 March 2025: Nil).
2. Purchases of services and related balances
For terms of transaction
Purchases are made from related parties on the same terms as applicable to third parties and are in the ordinary course of business. The Company mutually negotiates and agrees purchase price and payment terms with the related parties. Such purchases generally include payment terms requiring the Company to make payment within 15 to 30 days from the date of invoice (31 March 2025: within 15 to 30 days from the date of invoice).
For terms of balance
Trade payables outstanding balances are unsecured, interest free and require settlement in cash. No guarantee or other security has been given against these payables. The amounts are payable within 15 to 30 days from the reporting date (31 March 2025: 15 to 30 days from the reporting date).
3. Loans given to related parties
Loan to subsidiary
The loan granted to Ecoplex Infra Private Limited is intended to finance an acquisition of new premise for the construction of proposed IT park. The loan is unsecured and repayable in full on 14 October 2026. Interest is charged at 12%. The loan has been utilized for the purpose it was granted, viz., Construction related expenses such as land premium, architech fees etc. For the year ended 31 March 2026, the Company has not recorded any impairment on loans due from Ecoplex (31 March 2025: Nil).
4. Compensation of key management personnel of the Company
The amounts disclosed in the table are the amounts recognised as an expense during the reporting period related to key management personnel.
No share options have been granted to the executive members of the Board of Directors under the Employee Stock Option plan.
NOTE 45: ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES REQUIRED BY SCHEDULE III (DIVISION II) OF THE ACT, AS AMENDED
(i) No proceedings have been initiated or are pending against the Company for holding any Benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 and rules made thereunder.
(ii) The Company does not have any transaction with the companies struck off under Section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or Section 560 of Companies Act, 1956.
(iii) There are no charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.
(iv) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the current and previous financial year.
(v) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(vi) The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(vii) The Company does not have any transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the current year and previous year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
(viii) The Company has not been declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or other lender.
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