21. Notes on Accounts
♦ Contingent Liabilities
There is no contingent liability as informed by management.
♦ Capital Expenditure Commitments: Nil
♦ Related Party Transactions:-
As per Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS-24) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the
disclosures of transactions with the related parties are given below:
List of related parties where control exists and related parties with whom transactions have taken place and
relationships :
Earnings per Share: -
The earning considered in ascertaining the company's EPS comprises the profit available for shareholders i.e., profit
after tax and statutory/regulatory appropriations. The number of shares used in computing Basic EPS is the weighted
average number of shares outstanding during the year as per the guidelines of Ind AS-33.
♦ Capital Management
The Company manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Company will be able to continue as going concerns
while maximizing the return to stakeholders through the optimization of the debt and equity balance. The capital
structure of the Company consists of net debt (borrowings offset by cash and bank balances) and total equity of the
Company.
* Excluding investments in subsidiaries, joint control entities and associates measured at cost in accordance with Ind AS-27
• Fair value hierarchy
The following section explains the judgments and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial
instruments that are recognized and measured at fair value through profit or loss. To provide an indication about the
reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the Company has classified its financial investments into the three
levels prescribed under the accounting standard. An explanation of each level follows underneath the table.
Notes:
Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices (unadjusted) in active market for identical
assets that the entity can access at the measurement date. This represents mutual funds that have price quoted by
the respective mutual fund houses and are valued using the closing Net asset value (NAV).
Level 2 hierarchy includes the fair value of financial instruments measured using quoted prices for identical or similar assets
in markets that are not active.
Level 3 if one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3.
This is the case for unlisted compound instruments.
There are no transfers between any of these levels during the year. The Company's policy is to recognize transfers into and
transfers out of fair value hierarchy levels as at the end of the reporting period.
C. Fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost
The Management has assessed that fair value of loans, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, other
bank balances, other financial assets and trade payables approximate their carrying amounts largely due to
their short term nature. Difference between carrying amount of Bank deposits, other financial assets,
borrowings and other financial liabilities subsequently measured at amortized cost is not significant in each of
the years presented.
For financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value, the carrying amounts are equal to the fair
values.
Financial risk management
The Company's board of directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company's risk
management framework. The board has established the Audit Committee, which is responsible for developing and
monitoring the Company's risk management policies. The Committee holds regular meetings and report to board on
its activities. The Company's risk management policies are established to identify and analyses the risks faced by the
Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management
policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company's activities. The
Company, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to maintain a disciplined and
constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.
The audit committee oversees how management monitors compliance with the Company's risk management policies
and procedures, and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation to the risks faced by the
Company. The audit committee is assisted in its oversight role by internal audit. Internal audit undertakes both regular
and ad hoc reviews of risk management controls and procedures, the results of which are reported to the audit
committee.
This note explains the sources of risk which the entity is exposed to and how the entity manages the risk.
(a) Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet
its contractual obligations. The company is exposed to the credit risk from its trade receivables, unbilled revenue,
investments, cash and cash equivalents, bank deposits and other financial assets. The maximum exposure to credit risk is
equal to the carrying value of the financial assets. The objective of managing counterparty credit risk is to prevent losses
in financial assets.
Trade Receivables
Trade receivables comprise a widespread customer base. Management evaluates credit risk relating to customers on an
on-going basis. If customers are independently rated, these ratings are used. Otherwise, if there is no independent
rating, risk control assesses the credit quality of the customer, taking into account its financial position, past experience
and other factors
For trade receivables, provision is provided by the company as per the below mentioned policy for the FY 2025-26 :
(b) Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its
financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company's approach to managing
liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are due,
under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the
Company's reputation.
Liquidity Table
The Company's remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial liabilities with agreed repayment
periods is given below. The tables have been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities
based on the earliest date on which the Company can be required to pay. The tables include both interest and principal
cash flows. The contractual maturity is based on the earliest date on which the Company may be required to pay.
(c) Market Risk
Market risk is the risk arising from changes in market prices - such as foreign exchange rates and interest rates - will
affect the Company's income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The Company is exposed to market
risk primarily related to interest rate risk and the market value of the investments. Thus, the exposure to market risk is a
function of investing and borrowing activities
- Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because
of changes in market interest rates.
Company's borrowings are Interest free, So there has been no exposure arise regarding Interest Rate Risk.
(d) Price Risk Exposure
The Company's exposure to securities price risk arises from investments held in mutual funds and classified in the
balance sheet at fair value through profit or loss. To manage its price risk arising from such investments, the Company
diversifies its portfolio. Further these are all debt base securities for which the exposure is primarily on account of
interest rate risk. Quotes (NAV) of these investments are available from the mutual fund houses. Profit for the year
would increase/decrease as a result of gains/losses on these securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss.
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