(xii) Provisions
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive), as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the
present obligation at the end of the reporting period, considering the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognized as an asset, if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.
Provisions for onerous contracts are recognized when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable costs of meeting the future obligations under the contract. Provisions for onerous contracts are measured at the present value of lower of the expected net cost of fulfilling the contract and the expected cost of terminating the contract.
(xiii) Revenue
The Company derives revenue primarily from software development, maintenance of software/hardware and related services, consulting services, business process services and sale of IT products.
Revenues from customer contracts are considered for recognition and measurement when the contract has been approved by the parties to the contract, the parties to contract are committed to perform their respective obligations under the contract, and the contract is legally enforceable. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive (the “Transaction Price”). Revenue towards satisfaction of the performance obligation is measured at the amount of the Transaction Price (net of variable consideration on account of discounts and allowances) allocated to that performance obligation. To recognize revenues, the Company applies the following five step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the Transaction Price, (4) allocate the Transaction Price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenues when a performance obligation is satisfied. When there is uncertainty as to collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved.
At contract inception, the Company assesses its promise to transfer products or services to a customer to identify separate performance obligations. The Company applies judgement to determine whether each product or service promised to a customer is capable of being distinct, and are distinct in the context of the contract, if not, the promised products or services are combined and accounted as a single performance obligation. The Company allocates the Transaction Price to separately identifiable performance obligations based on their relative stand-alone selling price or residual method. Stand¬ alone selling prices are determined based on sale prices for the components when it is regularly sold separately, in cases where the Company is unable to determine the stand-alone selling price, the Company uses third-party prices for similar deliverables or the Company uses expected cost-plus margin approach in estimating the stand-alone selling price.
For performance obligations where control is transferred over time, revenues are recognized by measuring progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the promised products or services to be provided.
The method for recognising revenues and costs depends on the nature of contracts with customers as given below:
A. Time and materials contracts
Revenues and costs relating to time and materials contracts are recognized as the related services are rendered.
B. Fixed-price contracts
i) Fixed-price development contracts
Revenues from fixed-price development contracts, including software development, and integration contracts, where the performance obligations are satisfied over time, are recognized using the “percentage-of-completion” method. The performance obligations are satisfied as and when the services are rendered since the customer generally obtains control of the work as it progresses. Percentage of completion is determined based on project costs incurred
to date as a percentage of total estimated project costs required to complete the project. The cost expended (or input) method has been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. This method is followed when reasonably dependable estimates of the revenues and costs applicable to various elements of the contract can be made. Key factors that are reviewed in estimating the future costs to complete include estimates of future labor costs and productivity efficiencies. Because the financial reporting of these contracts depends on estimates that are assessed continually during the term of these contracts, revenue recognized, profit and timing of revenue for remaining performance obligations are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion. If the Company is not able to reasonably measure the progress of completion, revenue is recognized only to the extent of costs incurred for which recoverability is probable. When total cost estimates exceed revenues in an arrangement, the estimated losses are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates as an onerous contract provision.
A contract asset is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Contract assets primarily relate to unbilled amounts on fixed-price development contracts and are classified as non-financial asset as the contractual right to consideration is dependent on completion of contractual milestones.
A contract liability is an entity's obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the entity has received consideration (or the amount is due) from the customer.
ii) Maintenance contracts
Revenues related to fixed-price maintenance contracts are recognized on a straight-line basis when services are performed through an indefinite number of repetitive acts over a
specified period or ratably using percentage of completion method when the pattern of benefits from the services rendered to the customers and the cost to fulfil the contract is not even through the period of contract because the services are generally discrete in nature and not repetitive.
Revenue for contracts in which the invoicing is representative of the value being delivered is recognized based on our right to invoice. If our invoicing is not consistent with value delivered, revenues are recognized as the service is performed using the percentage of completion method.
In certain projects, a fixed quantum of service or output units is agreed at a fixed price for a fixed term. In such contracts, revenue is recognized with respect to the actual output achieved till date as a percentage of total contractual output. Any residual service unutilized by the customer is recognized as revenue on completion of the term.
iii) Element or Volume based contracts
Revenues and costs are recognized as the related services are rendered.
C. Products
Revenue on product sales are recognized when the
customer obtains control of the specified product.
D. Others
• Any change in scope or price is considered as a contract modification. The Company accounts for modifications to existing contracts by assessing whether the services added are distinct and whether the pricing is at the stand-alone selling price. Services added that are not distinct are accounted for on a cumulative catch up basis, while those that are distinct are accounted for prospectively, either as a separate contract if the additional services are priced at the stand-alone selling price, or as a termination of the existing contract and creation of a new contract if not priced at the stand-alone selling price.
• The Company accounts for variable considerations like, volume discounts, rebates and pricing incentives to customers and penalties as reduction of revenue on a systematic and rational basis over
the period of the contract. The Company estimates an amount of such variable consideration using expected value method or the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration depending on which method better predicts the amount of consideration to which the Company may be entitled and when it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.
• Revenues are shown net of allowances/returns, sales tax, value added tax, goods and services tax and applicable discounts.
• The Company may enter into arrangements with third party suppliers to resell products or services. In such cases, the Company evaluates whether the Company is the principal (i.e. report revenues on a gross basis) or agent (i.e. report revenues on a net basis). In doing so, the Company first evaluates whether the Company controls the good or service before it is transferred to the customer. The Company considers whether it has the primary obligation to fulfill the contract, inventory risk, pricing discretion and other factors to determine whether it controls the goods or services and therefore, is acting as a principal or an agent. If the Company controls the good or service before it is transferred to the customer, the Company is the principal; if not, the Company is the agent.
• Estimates of the Transaction Price and total costs or efforts are continuously monitored over the term of the contract and are recognized in net profit in the period when these estimates change or when the estimates are revised. Revenues and the estimated total costs or efforts are subject to revision as the contract progresses.
• The Company accrues the estimated cost of warranties at the time when the revenue is recognized. The accruals are based on the Company's historical experience of material usage and service delivery costs.
• Incremental costs that relate directly to a contract and incurred in securing a contract with a customer are recognized as an asset when the Company expects to recover these costs.
• The Company recognizes contract fulfilment cost as an asset if those costs specifically relate to a contract or to an anticipated contract, the costs generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in future; and the costs are expected to be recovered.
• Costs to obtain contract relating to upfront payments to customers are amortised to revenue and other costs to obtain contract and costs to fulfill contract are amortised to cost of sales over the respective contract life on a systematic basis consistent with the transfer of goods or services to customer to which the asset relates.
• The Company assesses the timing of the transfer of goods or services to the customer as compared to the timing of payments to determine whether a significant financing component exists. As a practical expedient, the Company does not assess the existence of a significant financing component when the difference between payment and transfer of deliverables is twelve months or less. If the difference in timing arises for reasons other than the provision of finance to either the customer or us, no financing component is deemed to exist.
• Unbilled receivables are classified as a financial asset where the right to consideration is unconditional and only the passage of time is required before the payment is due.
(xiv) Finance costs
Finance costs comprises interest on borrowings, interest on lease liabilities, interest on tax matters, interest on net defined benefit liability, net loss on translation or settlement of foreign currency borrowings, changes in fair value of derivative instruments and gains/(losses) of settlement of borrowing related derivative instruments. Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to a qualifying asset are recognized in the statement of profit and loss using the effective interest method.
(xv) Finance and other income
Finance and other income comprises interest income on deposits, dividend income, gains/(losses) on disposal of investments, gains/(losses) on investments classified as FVTPL, net gain on translation or settlement of foreign currency borrowings, changes in fair value and gains/(losses) on settlement of related
derivative instruments and net gains/(losses) on sale of property, plant and equipment. Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive payment is established.
(xvi)Income tax
Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognized in the statement of profit and loss except to the extent it relates to a business combination, or items directly recognized in equity or in other comprehensive income.
a) Current income tax
Current income tax for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable income for the period. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the current tax amounts are those that are enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date and applicable for the period. While determining the tax provisions, the Company assesses whether each uncertain tax position is to be considered separately or together with one or more uncertain tax positions depending upon the nature and circumstances of each uncertain tax position. The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and liability simultaneously.
b) Deferred income tax
Deferred income tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in these standalone financial statements, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profits or loss at the time of the transaction.
Deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences
and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
Deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences except in respect of taxable temporary differences that is expected to reverse within the tax holiday period, taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and foreign branches where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
The Company offsets deferred income tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities, and they relate to taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity, or on different taxable entities where there is a right and an intention to settle the current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.
(xvii) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period adjusted for treasury shares held. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of equity and dilutive equivalent shares outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method for options, except where the results would be anti-dilutive.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any splits and bonus shares issues including for change effected prior to the
approval of the standalone financial statements by the Board of Directors.
(xviii) Statement of cash flows
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash generated from/(used in) operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
New Accounting standards, amendments and interpretations adopted by the Company effective from April 1, 2024:
Amendment to Ind AS 116 - Leases
On September 9, 2024, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2024. The amendments to Ind AS 116 clarifies the requirements that a seller-lessee uses in measuring the lease liability arising in a sale and leaseback transaction, to ensure the seller-lessee does not recognize any amount of the gain or loss that relates to the right of use it retains. The amendment is intended to improve the requirements for sale and leaseback transactions in Ind AS 116 and will not change the accounting for leases unrelated to sale and leaseback transactions. These amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after April 1, 2024, and are to be applied retrospectively, with earlier application permitted. The adoption of these amendments to Ind AS 116 did not have any material impact on the standalone financial statements.
New Accounting standards, amendments and interpretations not yet adopted by the Company:
Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31, 2025, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Company.
short-term needs. As at March 31, 2025, the Company has unutilized lines of credit aggregating H 26,435 and U.S.$ 102 million. To utilize these unused lines of credit, the Company requires consent of the lender and compliance with certain financial covenants. Significant portion of these lines of credit are revolving credit facilities and floating rate loans, renewable on a periodic basis.
Borrowings from banks bear floating rates of interest, referenced to country specific official benchmark interest rates and a spread, determined based on market conditions.
Refer to Note 26 for interest expense on borrowings.
The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, unbilled receivables, short-term borrowings, lease liabilities, trade payables, other current financial assets and liabilities approximate their carrying amount largely due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Finance lease receivables are periodically evaluated based on individual credit worthiness of customers. Based on this evaluation, the Company records allowance for estimated credit losses on these receivables. As at March 31, 2025, and 2024 the carrying value of such financial assets, net of allowances, and liabilities approximates the fair value.
Investments in short-term mutual funds and fixed maturity plan mutual funds, which are classified as FVTPL are measured using net asset values at the reporting date multiplied by the quantity held. Fair value of investments in non¬ convertible debentures, government securities, commercial papers and bonds classified as FVTOCI is determined based on the indicative quotes of price and yields prevailing in the market at the reporting date. Fair value of investments in equity instruments classified as FVTOCI or FVTPL is determined using market approach primarily based on market multiples method.
The fair value of derivative financial instruments is determined based on observable market inputs including currency spot and forward rates, yield curves and currency volatility.
Fair value hierarchy
The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value, by valuation method. The different levels have been defined as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 and 3 during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.
The following table presents fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Derivative assets and liabilities:
The Company is exposed to currency fluctuations on foreign currency assets/liabilities, forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currency and net investment in foreign operations. The company is also exposed to interest rate fluctuations on investments in floating rate financial assets and floating rate borrowings. The Company follows established risk management policies, including the use of derivatives to hedge foreign currency assets/liabilities, interest rates, foreign currency forecasted cash flows and net investment in foreign operations. The counter parties in these derivative instruments are primarily banks and the Company considers the risks of non-performance by the counterparty as immaterial.
The following table presents the aggregate contracted principal amounts of the Company's derivative contracts outstanding:
If the hedge ratio for risk management purposes is no longer optimal but the risk management objective remains unchanged and the hedge continues to qualify for hedge accounting, the hedge relationship will be rebalanced by adjusting either the volume of the hedging instrument or the volume of the hedged item so that the hedge ratio aligns with the ratio used for risk management purposes. Any hedge ineffectiveness is calculated and accounted for in the statement of profit and loss at the time of the hedge relationship rebalancing.
The following table summarises activity in the cash flow hedging reserve within equity related to all derivative instruments classified as cash flow hedges: (1) Includes net (gain)/loss reclassified to revenue of H 394 and H 898 for the years ended March 31,2025 and 2024, respectively; net (gain)/loss reclassified to employee benefits expense of H (51) and H 221 for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively and net (gain)/loss reclassified to other income of H 73 and H 64 for the years ended March 31,2025 and 2024, respectively.
The related hedge transactions for balance in cash flow hedging reserves as at March 31, 2025 are expected to occur and be reclassified to the statement of profit and loss over a period of 17 months.
As at March 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no gains or losses on derivative transactions or portions thereof that have become ineffective as hedges or associated with an underlying exposure that did not occur.
Sale of financial assets
From time to time, in the normal course of business, the Company transfers accounts receivables, unbilled receivables, net investment in finance lease receivables (financial assets) to banks. Under the terms of the arrangements, the Company either substantially transfers its risks and rewards or surrenders control over the financial assets and transfer is without recourse. Accordingly, on such transfers the financial assets are derecognized and considered as sale of financial assets. Gains and losses on sale of financial assets without recourse are recorded in finance costs, at the time of sale based on the carrying value of the financial assets and fair value of servicing liability. The incremental impact of such transactions on our cash flow and liquidity for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 is not material.
Financial risk management
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, to fair values or to future cash flows that may result from a change in the price of a financial instrument. The value of a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments. Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments including investments, foreign currency receivables, payables and loans and borrowings.
The Company's exposure to market risk is a function of investment and borrowing activities and revenue generating activities in foreign currency. The objective of market risk management is to avoid excessive exposure of the Company's earnings and equity to losses.
Risk Management Procedures
The Company manages market risk through a corporate treasury department, which evaluates and exercises independent control over the entire process of market risk management. The corporate treasury department recommends risk management objectives and policies, which are approved by our senior management and Audit, Risk and Compliance Committee. The activities of this department include management of cash resources, implementing hedging strategies for foreign currency exposures, borrowing strategies, and ensuring compliance with market risk limits and policies.
Foreign currency risk
The Company operates internationally, and a major portion of its business is transacted in several currencies. Consequently, the Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk through receiving payment for sales and services in the United States and elsewhere and making purchases from overseas suppliers in various foreign currencies. The exchange rate risk primarily arises from foreign exchange revenue, receivables, cash balances, forecasted cash flows, payables and foreign currency loans and borrowings. A significant portion of the Company's revenue is in the U.S. Dollars, Pound Sterling, Euro, Australian Dollars and Canadian Dollars, while a large portion of costs are in Indian Rupees. The exchange rate between the Indian Rupee and these currencies has fluctuated significantly in recent years and may continue to fluctuate in the future. Appreciation of the Indian Rupee against these currencies can adversely affect the Company's results of operations.
The Company evaluates exchange rate exposure arising from these transactions and enters into foreign currency derivative instruments to mitigate such exposure. The Company follows established risk management policies, including the use of derivatives like foreign exchange forward/option contracts to hedge forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currency.
The Company has designated certain derivative instruments as cash flow hedges to mitigate the foreign exchange exposure of forecasted highly probable cash flows.
As at March 31, 2025, a H 1 increase in the spot exchange rate of the Indian Rupee with the U.S. Dollar would result in an approximately H 2,115 (including statement of profit and loss of H 537 and other comprehensive income of H 1,578) decrease in the fair value, and a H 1 decrease would result in an approximately H 2,134 (including statement of profit and loss of H 537 and other comprehensive income of H 1,597) increase in the fair value of foreign currency dollar denominated derivative instruments (forward and option contracts).
The below table presents foreign currency risk from non-derivative financial assets/(liabilities) as of March 31, 2025 and 2024:
As at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, every 1% increase/decrease in the respective foreign currencies compared to functional currency of the Company would increase/decrease our profit before taxes by approximately H 670 and H 776, respectively.
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk primarily arises from floating rate borrowings, including various revolving and other lines of credit.
The Company's investments are primarily in short-term investments, which do not expose it to significant interest rate risk.
If interest rates were to increase by 100 bps as on March 31, 2025 additional net annual interest expense on floating rate borrowing would amount to approximately H 505. Certain borrowings are also transacted at fixed interest rates.
Credit risk
Credit risk arises from the possibility that customers may not be able to settle their obligations as agreed. To manage this, the Company periodically assesses the credit rating and financial reliability of customers, considering the financial condition, current economic trends, forward-looking macroeconomic information, analysis of historical bad debts and ageing of accounts receivable. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable as at March 31,2025 and 2024, and revenues for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. There is no significant concentration of credit risk.
Trade receivables and unbilled receivables are written off where there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. Indicators that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery include, amongst others, the failure of a customer to engage in a repayment plan with the Company. Refer to Note 9 for changes in allowance for lifetime expected credit loss.
Counterparty risk
Counterparty risk encompasses issuer risk on marketable securities, settlement risk on derivative and money market contracts and credit risk on cash and time deposits. Issuer risk is minimised by only buying securities in India which are at least AA rated by Indian rating agencies. Settlement and credit risk is reduced by the policy of entering into transactions with counterparties that are usually banks or financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings. Exposure to these risks are closely monitored and maintained within predetermined parameters. There are limits on credit exposure to any financial institution. The limits are regularly assessed and determined based upon credit analysis including financial statements and capital adequacy ratio reviews.
Cash and cash equivalents include demand deposits of H 24,763 and bank balances of H 12,693 held with four banks having high credit ratings, which are individually in excess of 10% or more of the Company's total cash and cash equivalents as at March 31,2025.
Investments include term deposits of H 30,108 and non-convertible debentures of H 24,399 held with a bank having high credit rating, which is in excess of 10% or more of the Company's total investments, excluding investments in equity instruments and redeemable preference shares of subsidiaries as at March 31, 2025.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that the Company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time or at a reasonable price. The Company's corporate treasury department is responsible for liquidity and funding as well as settlement management. In addition, processes and policies related to such risks are overseen by senior management. Management monitors the Company's net liquidity position through rolling forecasts based on the expected cash flows. As at March 31, 2025, cash and cash equivalents are held with major banks and financial institutions.
The table below provides details regarding the remaining contractual maturities of financial liabilities at the reporting date. The amounts include estimated interest payments and exclude the impact of netting agreements, if any.
Deferred taxes on unrealised foreign exchange gain/loss relating to cash flow hedges, fair value movements in investments and remeasurements of the defined benefit plans are recognized in other comprehensive income and presented within equity. Other than these, the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities is primarily recorded in the statement of profit and loss.
In assessing the readability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers the extent to which it is probable that the deferred tax asset will be realised. The ultimate realisation of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable profits during the periods in which those temporary differences and tax loss carry-forwards become
deductible. The Company considers the expected reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on this, the Company believes that it is probable that the Company will realise the benefits of these deductible differences. The amount of deferred tax asset considered realisable, however, could be reduced in the near term if the estimates of future taxable income during the carry¬ forward period are reduced.
The Company has recognized deferred tax assets of H 112 and H 766 as at March 31, 2025 and 2024 primarily in respect of capital loss incurred on account of liquidation of an investment. Management's projections of future taxable capital gain support the assumption that it is probable that sufficient taxable income will be available to utilize this deferred tax asset.
We have calculated our domestic tax liability under normal provisions. Accordingly, no deferred tax asset has been recognized towards MAT in the balance sheet for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The effective MAT rate is 17.47%. The excess tax paid under MAT provisions over and above normal tax liability can be carried forward for a period of fifteen years and set-off against future tax liabilities computed under normal tax provisions.
A substantial portion of the profits of the Company's India operations are exempt from Indian income taxes being profits attributable to export operations and profits from units established under Special Economic Zone Act, 2005 scheme. Units in designated special economic zones providing service on or after April 1, 2005 will be eligible for a deduction of 100 percent of profits or gains derived from the export of services for the first five years from commencement of provision of services and 50 percent of such profits and gains for a further five years. 50% tax deduction is available for a further five years subject to the unit meeting certain defined conditions. Profits from certain other undertakings are also eligible for preferential tax treatment. New SEZ units set up on or after April 1, 2021 are not eligible for aforesaid deduction. The tax holiday period being currently available to the Company expires in various years through fiscal 2034-35. The impact of tax holidays has resulted in a decrease of current tax expense of H 11,798 and H 14,308 for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, compared to the effective tax amounts that we estimate the Company would have been required to pay if these incentives had not been available. The per equity share effect of these tax incentives for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 is H 1.13 and H 1.35, respectively. Previous year per equity share effect have been proportionately adjusted for the bonus issue in ratio of 1:1. Refer to Note 29.
Deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences except in respect of taxable temporary differences associated with U.S. branch profit tax where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, deferred income tax liabilities on branch profit tax at 15% of the U.S. branch profits have not been recognized. Further, it is not practicable to estimate the amount of the unrecognized deferred tax liabilities for these undistributed earnings.
C. Remaining performance obligations
Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes contract liabilities and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Applying the practical expedient, the Company has not disclosed its right to consideration from customers in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company's performance completed to date, which are contracts invoiced on time and material basis and volume based.
As at March 31, 2025 and 2024, the aggregate amount of the Transaction Price allocated to remaining performance obligations, other than those meeting the exclusion criteria above, were H 223,220 and H 185,504, respectively, of which approximately 66% and 73%, respectively, is expected to be recognized as revenues within two years, and the remainder thereafter. This includes contracts, with a substantive enforceable termination penalty if the contract is terminated without cause by the customer, based on an overall assessment of the contract carried out at the time of inception. Historically, customers have not terminated contracts without cause.
D. Disaggregation of revenue
The tables below present disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers by business segment and nature of contract. The Company believes that the below disaggregation best depicts the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows from economic factors.
The expected benefits are based on the same assumptions used to measure the Company's benefit obligations as at March 31, 2025.
Sensitivity for significant actuarial assumptions is computed to show the movement in defined benefit obligation by 1 percentage.
As at March 31, 2025, every 1 percentage point increase/(decrease) in discount rate will result in (decrease)/ increase of defined benefit obligation by approximately H (912) and H 1,013, respectively (March 31, 2024: H (853) and H 954, respectively).
As at March 31, 2025 every 1 percentage point increase/(decrease) in expected rate of salary will result in increase/(decrease) of defined benefit obligation by approximately H 989 and H (934), respectively (March 31, 2024: H 926 and H (868), respectively).
The sensitivity analysis to significant actuarial assumptions may not be representative of the actual change in the defined benefit obligations as the change in assumptions may not occur in isolation since some of the assumptions may be correlated. Furthermore, in presenting the sensitivity analysis, the present value of the defined benefit obligations has been calculated using the projected unit credit method at the end of the reporting period, which is the same as that applied in calculating the defined benefit obligation liability recognized in the balance sheet.
For the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, 1,294,623 and 128,916 options respectively, were excluded from diluted weighted-average number of equity shares calculation because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
Earnings per share and number of shares outstanding for the year ended March 31, 2024, have been proportionately adjusted for the bonus issue in the ratio of 1:1 i.e. 1 (one) bonus equity share of I 2 each for every 1 (one) fully paid-up equity shares held (including ADS holders). Refer to Note 29.
29. DIVIDENDS, BONUS ISSUE AND BUYBACK OF EQUITY SHARES
The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian Rupees. According to the Companies Act, 2013 any dividend should be declared out of accumulated distributable profits. A Company may, before the declaration of any dividend, transfer a percentage of its profits for that financial year as it may consider appropriate to the reserves.
The cash dividends paid per equity share were H 6 and H 1, during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company concluded bonus issue in the ratio of 1:1 i.e.1 (one) bonus equity share of H 2 each for every 1 (one) fully paid-up equity shares held (including ADS holders) was approved by the shareholders of the Company on November 21, 2024. Subsequently, on December 4, 2024, the Company allotted 5,232,094,402 equity shares (including ADS) to shareholders who held equity shares as on the record date of December 3, 2024. The Company also allotted 1:1 bonus equity share on 1,274,805 equity shares (including ADS) under allotment as on the record date.
Consequently, H 10,467 (representing par value of H 2 per share) was transferred from capital redemption reserve, securities premium and retained earnings to the share capital.
During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company concluded the buyback of 269,662,921 equity shares (at a price of H 445 per equity share) as approved by the Board of Directors on April 27, 2023. This has resulted in a total cash outflow of H 145,173 (including tax on buyback of H 24,783 and transaction costs related to buyback of H 390). In line with the requirement of the Companies Act, 2013, an amount of H 3,768 and H 141,405 has been utilized from securities premium and retained earnings respectively. Further, capital redemption reserve of H 539 (representing the nominal value of the shares bought back) has been created as an apportionment from retained earnings. Consequent to such buyback, the paid-up equity share capital has reduced by H 539.
30. ADDITIONAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURES
The key objective of the Company's capital management is to ensure that it maintains a stable capital structure with the focus on total equity to uphold investor, creditor, and customer confidence and to ensure future development of its business. The Company's focus is on keeping a strong total equity base to ensure independence, security, as well as a high financial flexibility for potential future borrowings, if required without impacting the risk profile of the Company.
The Company's goal is to continue to be able to return excess liquidity to shareholders by continuing to distribute annual dividends in future periods. The amount of future dividends/buyback of equity shares will be balanced with efforts to continue to maintain an adequate liquidity status.
31. EMPLOYEE STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS
The stock compensation expense recognized for employee services received during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, were H 4,728 and H 4,744, respectively.
Wipro Equity Reward Trust (“WERT”)
In 1984, the Company established a controlled trust called WERT. In the earlier years, WERT purchased shares of the Company out of funds borrowed from the Company. The Company's Nomination and Remuneration Committee recommends to WERT certain officers and key employees, to whom WERT issues shares from its holdings at nominal price subject to vesting conditions.
(1) The maximum contractual term of these RSUs option plans is perpetual until the options are available for grant under the plan.
(2) The number of options reserved under the plan are adjusted to reflect the bonus issue in the proportion of 1:1, which was approved by the shareholders on November 21, 2024.
(3) The number of options reserved under the plan are adjusted to reflect migration of 23,000,000 shares from WSRUP 2005 plan and 32,000,000 shares from WSRUP 2007 plan to WARSUP 2004 plan. This was approved by the shareholders on March 30, 2025.
(4) The Company adopted the Wipro 2024 Scheme pursuant to approval of shareholders vide special resolution at the Annual General Meeting held on July 18, 2024.
Employees covered under restricted stock unit (the “RSUs”) options plans are granted an option to purchase shares of the Company at the respective exercise prices, subject to requirements of vesting conditions. These options generally vest in tranches over a period of one to three years from the date of grant. Upon vesting, the employees can acquire one equity share for every option and can exercise within a period of twelve months from the vesting date of last tranche under the grant.
The Company controls ‘Wipro SA Broad Based Ownership Scheme Trust' and ‘Wipro SA Broad Based Ownership Scheme SPV (RF) (PTY) LTD' incorporated in South Africa and ‘Wipro Foundation in India'. All the above direct subsidiaries are 100% held by the Company except as mentioned in footnote (2) and (3) below.
(2) Wipro IT Services UK Societas holds 66.67% of the equity securities of Wipro Arabia Limited. Wipro Arabia Limited acquired 45% of the equity securities of Women’s Business Park Technologies Limited on March 24, 2025 in addition to 55% of the equity securities held at the beginning of financial year 2025.
(3) The Company holds 60% of the equity securities of Aggne Global IT Services Private Limited and Wipro IT Services, LLC holds 60% of the equity securities of Aggne Global Inc.
(4) Capco Consulting Middle East FZE has been incorporated with effect from December 17, 2024 which is 100% held by Grove Holdings 2 S.a.r.l.
(5) Wipro Information Technology Netherlands BV. has acquired 100% of the equity securities of Applied Value Technologies B.V.
(6) Wipro Networks Pte Limited has acquired 100% of the equity securities of Applied Value Technologies Pte Limited.
(7) Wipro IT Services, LLC has acquired 100% of the equity securities of Applied Value Technologies, Inc.
(8) Wipro, Inc. has been incorporated as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company with effect from September 30, 2024.
(9) Wipro Life Science Solutions, LLC has been incorporated as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Wipro, Inc. with effect from October 10, 2024.
(1)Step Subsidiary details of Cardinal US Holdings, Inc., HealthPlan Services, Inc., International TechneGroup Incorporated, Wipro NextGen Enterprise Inc., Rizing Intermediate Holdings, Inc., The Capital Markets Company BV, Wipro Ampion Holdings Pty Ltd, Wipro Appirio, Inc., Wipro Designit Services, Inc., Wipro do Brasil Technologia Ltda and Wipro Portugal S.A. are as follows:
(1) Increase in debt- equity ratio is due to incremental short term borrowings availed during the year ended March 31,2025 and higher lease liability as at March 31,2025 as compared to March 31,2024.
(2) Debt consists of borrowings and lease liabilities.
(3) Profit for the year, adjusted for non cash operating expenses, finance costs and other expenses such as provision for diminution in value of investments in subsidiaries and loss on sale of property, plant and equipment.
(4) Debt service consists of gross repayment of borrowings, lease liabilities and interest and finance costs paid.
(5) Capital employed consists of tangible net worth, borrowings, lease liabilities and deferred tax liabilities.
34. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Capital commitments: As at March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had committed to spend approximately H 8,211 and H 7,837, respectively, under agreements to purchase/construct property and equipment. These amounts are net of capital advances paid in respect of these purchases. Refer to Note 8 for uncalled capital commitments on investment in equity instruments.
Contingencies and lawsuits:
The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims resulting from tax assessment orders/penalty notices issued under the Income Tax Act, 1961, which have arisen in the ordinary course of its business. Some of the claims involve complex issues and it is not possible to make a reasonable estimate of the expected financial effect, if any, that will result from ultimate resolution of such proceedings. However, the resolution of these legal proceedings is not likely to have a material and adverse effect on the results of operations or the financial position of the Company.
The Company's assessments in India are completed for the years up to March 31, 2019 and for the year ended March 31,2021. The Company has received demands on multiple tax issues. These claims are primarily arising out of denial of deduction under section 10A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 in respect of profit earned by the Company's undertaking in Software Technology Park in Bengaluru, the appeals filed against the said demand before the Appellate authorities have been allowed in favor of the Company by the second Appellate authority for the years up to March 31, 2008 which either has been or may be contested by the Income tax authorities before the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India. Other claims relate to disallowance of tax benefits on profits earned from Software Technology Park and Special Economic Zone units, capitalisation of research and development expenses, transfer pricing adjustments on intercompany/inter unit transactions and other issues.
Income tax claims against the Company amounting to I 98,424 and H 95,390 are not acknowledged as debt as at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These matters are pending before various Appellate authorities and the management expects its position will likely be upheld on ultimate resolution and will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position and results of operations.
The contingent liability in respect of disputed demands for excise duty, custom duty, sales tax and other matters amounting to H 19,292 and H 18,799 as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. However, the resolution of these disputed demands is not likely to have a material and adverse effect on the results of operations or the financial position of the Company.
During the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company contributed I 387 and H 280 respectively, to Wipro Foundation a trust controlled by the Company.
There is no shortfall out of the amount required to be spent by the Company during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.
The nature of corporate social responsibility activities undertaken by the Company for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 includes systemic reforms in education, access to education for the under privileged as well as children with disabilities, sustainability education, higher education skill building, sustainability initiatives and healthcare.
37. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company publishes these standalone financial statements along with the consolidated financial statements. In accordance with Ind AS 108, Operating Segments, the Company has disclosed the segment information in the consolidated financial statements.
38. The Indian Parliament has approved the Code on Social Security, 2020 which would impact the contributions by the Company towards Provident Fund and Gratuity. The Ministry of Labor and Employment has released draft rules for the Code on Social Security, 2020 on November 13, 2020, and has invited suggestions from stake holders which are under active consideration by the Ministry. Based on an initial assessment by the Company, the additional impact on Provident Fund contributions by the Company is not expected to be material, whereas, the likely additional impact on Gratuity liability/contributions by the Company could be material. The Company will complete their evaluation once the subject rules are notified and will give appropriate impact in the financial statements in the period in which, the Code becomes effective and the related rules to determine the financial impact are published.
39. The Board of Directors of the Company at its meeting held over October 17-18, 2023, have approved a scheme of amalgamation for merger of Wipro HR services India Private Limited, Wipro Overseas IT Service Private Limited, Wipro Technology Product Services Private Limited, Wipro Trademarks Holding Limited and Wipro VLSI Design Services India Private Limited (wholly-owned subsidiaries), with and into Wipro Limited. The Scheme is subject to necessary statutory and regulatory approvals under applicable laws.
As per our report of even date attached For and on behalf of the Board of Directors
for Deloitte Haskins & Sells LLP Rishad A. Premji Deepak M. Satwalekar Srinivas Pallia
Chartered Accountants Chairman Director Chief Executive Officer
Firm’s Registration No.: 117366W/W - 100018 (DIN: 02983899) (DIN: 00009627) and Managing Director
(DIN: 10574442)
Anand Subramanian Aparna C. Iyer M. Sanaulla Khan
Partner Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary
Membership No.: 110815 Membership No.: F4129
Bengaluru May 22, 2025
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