(B) Significant Accounting policies
I. Statement of compliance:
These Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as "Ind AS") as prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (Act) read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended from time to time. The Financial Statements have been prepared under historical cost convention basis except for certain financial assets and financial liabilities which have been measured at fair value. Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly-issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use. The Company's presentation and functional currency is Indian Rupees and all values are rounded to the Lakhs.
II. Basis of preparation and presentation:
These financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value or amortized cost at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle. Based on the nature of services rendered to customers and time elapsed between deployment of resources and the realization in cash and cash equivalents of the consideration for such services rendered, the Company has considered an operating cycle of 12 months.
III. Current and non-current classification:
The Company classifies assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet as current or non-current based on the following criteria: Current Assets:
An asset is classified as current if it:
• Is expected to be realized or intended for sale/consumption in the normal operating cycle;
• Is held primarily for trading;
• Is expected to be realized within 12 months after the reporting date,
• Is cash or cash equivalent, unless restricted from use for at least 12 months after the reporting date.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
Current Liabilities:
A liability is classified as current if it:
• Is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle:
• Is held primarily for trading;
• Is due within 12 months after the reporting date;
• The Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least 12 months after the reporting date.
- All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
- Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current only
• The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter.
• Accounting policies are applied consistently, except where new or revised Ind AS requires a change.
The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), the Company's functional currency. All financial data is rounded off to the nearest lakh with two decimals, unless otherwise stated.
IV. Use of estimates & Judgments
The preparation of these financial statements under Ind AS requires management to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect asset and liability balances, contingent liability disclosures, and income and expenses. These estimates are reviewed regularly, and changes are recognized prospectively.
The key areas involving significant judgments and estimates include:
• Useful lives of property, plant & equipment;
• Valuation of inventories;
• Measurement of recoverable amounts of assets / cash-generating units;
• Assets and obligations relating to employee benefits;
• Evaluation of recoverability of deferred tax assets; and
• Provisions and Contingencies
V. Functional and presentation currency:
These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is the Company's functional currency. All financial information presented in INR has been rounded to the nearest lakhs, except as stated otherwise.
VI. Significant accounting policies
A. Revenue recognition
Revenue from contract with customers Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized upon transfer of control of promised goods/ products to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expect to be entitled for those goods/ products. To recognize revenues, the Company applies the following five-step approach:
• Identify the contract with a customer,
• Identify the performance obligations in the contract,
• Determine the transaction price,
• Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and
• Recognize revenues when a performance obligation is satisfied.
1. Sale of goods
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. The Company recognises revenues on sale of products, net of discounts, sales incentives, rebates granted, returns, sales taxes/GST and duties when the products are delivered to customer or when delivered to a carrier for export sale, which is when title and risk and rewards of ownership pass to the customer. Export incentives are recognised as income as per the terms of the scheme in respect of the exports made and included as part of export turnover.
Revenue from sales is recognised when control of the products has transferred, being when the products are delivered to the customer, the customer has full discretion over the channel and price to sell / consume the products, and there is no unfulfilled obligation that could affect the customer's acceptance of the products. Delivery occurs when the products have been shipped to the specific location, the risks of obsolescence and loss have been transferred to the customer, and either the customer has accepted the products in accordance with the sales contract or the acceptance provisions have lapsed.
2. Interest income
Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying amount on initial recognition.
3. Dividends
Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the same is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.
4. Rent Income, Income from Carbon Credit and Other income
Rent income, income from carbon credits, and other income earned during the year are recognized on an accrual basis when the right to receive such income is established. Rent income is accounted for as it becomes due under lease agreements, At the end of the reporting period, any income related to carbon credits that have been sold but for which payment has not yet been received is recognized as revenue, and corresponding receivables are recorded in the statement of financial position. Other income, such as profit from the sale of vehicles or mutual fund investments, is recognized when the transaction is completed and the right to receive the income is established, provided it is measurable and probable that the economic benefits will flow to the entity.
B. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that a company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying asset is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.
C. Export Benefits
Duty free imports of raw materials under advance license for imports, as per the Foreign Trade Policy, are matched with the exports made against the said licenses and the net benefits / obligations are accounted by making suitable adjustments in raw material consumption.
D. Taxes
1. Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to tax authorities, based on enacted or substantively enacted tax rates and laws at the reporting date in the operating country.
Current tax items are recognized in correlation with the underlying transaction, either in OCI or directly in equity.
Management periodically reviews tax positions subject to interpretation and recognizes provisions when necessary.
2. Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets relate to:
• deductible temporary differences;
• carry forward of unused tax losses; and
• carry forward of unused tax credits.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed each reporting date and reduced if it is no longer probable that taxable profits will allow utilization. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed and recognized when probable.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at tax rates expected to apply when realized or settled, based on enacted or substantively enacted rates at the reporting date.
Deferred tax on items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized in OCI or equity, matching the underlying transaction.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when a legally enforceable right exists, and they relate to the same taxable entity and authority.
MAT credit is recognized as an asset only if there is convincing evidence of normal income tax payment during the specified period. It is created as a credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and reviewed at each Balance Sheet date, with write-downs if evidence no longer supports realization.
E. Leases
The Company, as a lessee, recognizes a right of-use asset and a lease liability for its leasing arrangements, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. Initially the right-of-use assets measured at cost which comprises initial cost of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date plus any initial direct costs incurred. Subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation/ amortization, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any re measurement of the lease liability.
I. Lease liability is initially recognized at the present value of lease payments not yet paid during the lease term.
II. Right-of-use asset is measured at cost, comprising the initial lease liability, lease payments made before commencement (less incentives), restoration costs, and initial direct costs.
III. Lease liability is subsequently measured using the effective interest method. The ROU asset is depreciated as per Ind AS 16.
IV. For short-term and low value leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
F. Employee Benefits
A liability is recognized for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.
Liabilities recognized in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.
Post employment and other long term employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the profit & loss account for the year in which the liabilities are crystallized.
1. Long-term employee benefits
Post-employment and other employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss for the period in which the employee has rendered services. A liability is recognized for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.
2. Defined contribution plans
The company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds as per local regulations. The company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. Company is complying with the provisions of Gratuity Plan as required as per INDAS 19 as per Actuarial Report.
G. Property, plant and equipment
Freehold land is carried at historical cost. Other property, plant, and equipment (PPE) are stated at acquisition cost, including directly attributable expenses to prepare the asset for use. Subsequent costs are capitalized only if future economic benefits are probable and cost is measurable; otherwise, they are expensed. Components replaced are derecognized. Repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss when incurred.
Spare parts qualifying as PPE are capitalized and depreciated when ready for use, possibly from purchase date if readily available.
Capital work in progress (CWIP) is stated at cost, including direct and incidental expenses during implementation, and transferred to PPE on commissioning. Pre-operating costs are expensed as incurred.
Decommissioning costs, if provision criteria are met, are included in the asset's cost.
PPE is derecognized on disposal or retirement; resulting losses are recognized in profit or loss.
Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value
Depreciation is calculated to allocate the cost of assets, net of their residual values, over their estimated useful lives. Components having value significant to the total cost of the asset and life different from that of the main asset are depreciated over its useful life. However, land is not depreciated. The useful lives so determined are as follows:
Depreciation on fixed assets has been provided in the accounts based on useful life of the assets prescribed in Schedule II to the companies Act, 2013 based on Straight Line Method.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in profit or loss within other gains / (losses).
H. Investment properties
Property held for long-term rental yields or capital appreciation, and not occupied by the Company, is classified as investment property. Investment property is initially measured at cost, including transaction and borrowing costs where applicable. Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only if future economic benefits are probable and costs can be reliably measured. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred. When part of an investment property is replaced, the carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized.
There are no investment properties in the name of the Company.
I. Intangibles
Intangible assets are recognized when future economic benefits are probable and cost can be measured reliably.
Intangible assets acquired separately are initially measured at cost. Those acquired in a business combination are measured at fair value on acquisition. After initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, except capitalized development costs, are expensed as incurred.
J. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
1. Raw materials: cost includes purchase cost and other costs to bring inventories to present location and condition; determined on a Specific Identification Method basis.
2. Work-in-progress Inventories: Cost includes cost of materials and labour and proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity, but excluding the borrowing costs. Overhead Cost is determined at estimated cost.
3. Finished goods Inventories: Cost includes cost of materials and labour and manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity, but excluding the borrowing costs. Cost is determined on lower of cost or Net Realizable Value.
4. Stores and spares: Costs are measured at cost, which includes the purchase price and other costs incurred to bring the inventories to their present location and condition. The cost is determined using the weighted average cost method.
5. Fuel: Costs are measured at cost, which includes the purchase price and other costs incurred to bring the inventories to their present location and condition. The cost is determined using the weighted average cost method.
K. Investment in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates
Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures, and associates are recognized at cost as per Ind AS 27, except when classified as held for sale under Ind AS 105.
There are no investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures, or associates as defined under Ind AS 27.
L. Financial Instruments
• Financial assets
i. Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs, except for those measured at fair value through profit or loss, whose transaction costs are expensed.
At initial recognition, financial assets are classified as measured at fair value or amortized cost.
ii. Subsequent measurement
For subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified as:
a. Debt instruments at amortized cost
b. Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
c. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
d. Equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
iii. Debt instruments at amortized cost
A debt instrument is measured at amortized cost if both:
a. It is held in a business model to collect contractual cash flows; and
b. Contractual terms give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI).
After initial measurement, these assets are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost includes any discount, premium, and integral fees. EIR amortization is recognized in finance income, and impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.
iv. Debt instrument at FVTOCI
A debt instrument is classified as FVTOCI if both:
a. The business model objective is to collect contractual cash flows and sell the financial assets; and
b. Contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments at FVTOCI are initially and subsequently measured at fair value, with fair value changes recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI).
v. Financial instrument at FVTPL
FVTPL is the residual category for debt instruments not meeting amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria.
The company may elect to designate debt instruments as FVTPL to avoid accounting mismatches, but has not done so.
Debt instruments at FVTPL are measured at fair value, with all changes recognized in profit or loss.
vi. Equity investments
All equity investments under Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments held for trading and contingent consideration in business combinations (Ind AS 103) are classified as FVTPL.
For other equity instruments, the Company may irrevocably elect to present fair value changes in OCI on an instrument-by¬ instrument basis at initial recognition.
If classified as FVTOCI, all fair value changes except dividends are recognized in OCI with no recycling to P&L, but cumulative gains/losses may be transferred within equity.
Equity instruments at FVTPL are measured at fair value with changes recognized in profit or loss.
vii. Derecognition
A financial asset is derecognized when:
a. Rights to receive cash flows have expired; or
b. The Company has transferred rights to receive cash flows or has a pass-through arrangement and either:
a) Transferred substantially all risks and rewards; or
b) Neither transferred nor retained substantially all risks and rewards but transferred control.
If neither risks and rewards nor control are transferred, the Company continues to recognize the asset to the extent of continuing involvement and recognizes an associated liability. Both are measured reflecting retained rights and obligations.
viii. Impairment of financial assets
The Company assesses impairment using the Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for:
a. Financial assets at amortized cost;
b. Financial assets at FVTOCI.
ECL is measured as:
a. 12-month ECL (default events possible within 12 months); or
b. Lifetime ECL (all possible default events over the life of the instrument).
The Company uses the simplified approach for impairment on trade receivables, recognizing lifetime ECL without tracking credit risk changes, based on a provision matrix reflecting historical defaults and forward-looking estimates.
For other financial assets, if credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is applied; if it has, lifetime ECL is used. Improvement in credit quality reverts impairment to 12-month ECL.
ECL impairment loss or reversal is recognized in profit or loss under 'other expenses".
ix. Financial assets measured as at amortized cost, contractual revenue receivables and lease receivables
ECL is presented as an allowance reducing the net carrying amount of assets on the balance sheet and is not reduced until the asset meets write-off criteria.
For credit risk assessment, the Company groups financial instruments with shared credit risk characteristics to identify significant increases in credit risk timely.
The Company has no purchased or originated credit-impaired (POCI) financial assets.
• Financial liabilities
i. Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are initially recognized at fair value, net of directly attributable transaction costs for loans, borrowings, and payables.
Financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans, borrowings, and bank overdrafts.
ii. Subsequent measurement
Measurement of financial liabilities depends on classification:
a. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
b. Loans and borrowings
c. Financial guarantee contracts
iii. Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Financial liabilities at FVTPL include those held for trading and designated at initial recognition if criteria under Ind AS 109 are met.
Gains/losses on trading liabilities are recognized in profit or loss.
For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value changes due to own credit risk are recognized in OCI and not recycled to P&L but may be transferred within equity. Other fair value changes go to profit or loss.
The company has not designated any financial liability as FVTPL.
iv. Loans and borrowings
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized and through the EIR amortization. Amortized cost includes any discount, premium, and fees that are part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is recorded as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
v. De recognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation is discharged, cancelled, or expires. Replacement or substantial modification of terms with the same lender is treated as derecognition of the original liability and recognition of a new one. The difference in carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
• Off-setting of financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset in the standalone balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset and an intention to settle net or simultaneously realize the assets and settle the liabilities.
M. Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is any indication of impairment for an asset. If such indication exists, or annual testing is required, the recoverable amount is estimated. Recoverable amount is the higher of an assets or CGU's fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use.
For individual assets or CGUs, if the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount, the asset is impaired and written down.
Value in use is based on discounted future cash flows using a pre-tax rate reflecting market conditions. Fair value less disposal cost considers market transactions or valuation models.
Impairment is based on detailed budgets/forecasts covering up to five years, with long-term growth rates beyond. Impairment losses are recognized in profit and loss, unless previously revalued through OCI, in which case impairment is first adjusted against revaluation surplus.
N. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, bank balances, and short-term deposits with original maturity of three months or less and insignificant risk of value change. For cash flow statement purposes, they are presented net of bank overdrafts as part of cash management.
O. Segment accounting
The Chief Operational Decision Maker reviews segment results separately for resource allocation and performance assessment, based on profit or loss, consistent with financial statements.
Segments are identified by nature of products/services. Segment accounting policies align with those of the Company. Revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities are attributed based on operational relevance. Inter-segment revenue is recorded at market/fair value. Items not allocable are shown as unallocated.
The Company operates in a single reportable segment-textile products—as per Ind AS 108.
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