2A Material accounting policies:
2.1 Basis of preparation of Standalone Financial
Statements ("financial statements"):
a) Statement of compliance
The financial statements of the Company as at and for the year ended 31 March, 2025 have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting standards ('Ind AS') notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs in consultation with the National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards, under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘Act') read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Act. In addition, the guidance notes/announcements issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) are also applied except where compliance with other statutory promulgations require a different treatment.
The financial statements are authorised for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company at its meeting held on 29 May, 2025.
b) Basis of preparation and presentation
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with Ind AS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial statements are disclosed in Note 2B. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
The Company presents assets and liabilities in Balance Sheet based on current/non- current classification.
An asset is classified as current when it is:
a) Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle*,
b) Held primarily for the purpose of trading,
c) Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
d) Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
*The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents. The Company's normal operating cycle is twelve months
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is classified as current when:
a) it is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle,
b) it is held primarily for the purpose of trading,
c) i t is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period
d) there is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
c) Basis of measurement
These financial statements are prepared under historical cost convention except for provision for defined benefit obligations and certain financial instruments measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period as explained in the accounting policies below.
Fair value measurements are categorised as below based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable
and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety:
• Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company can access at measurement date;
• Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included in level 1, that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly; and
• Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the valuation of assets or liabilities.
Above levels of fair value hierarchy are applied consistently and generally, there are no transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy unless the circumstances change warranting such transfer.
d) Functional and Presentation Currency
These financial statements are presented in Indian rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates. The financial statements are prepared in Indian Rupees in Million, rounded off to the nearest one decimal except for share data and per share data, unless otherwise stated.
e) Going Concern
The directors have, at the time of approving the standalone financial statements, a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus, the Company has applied the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the standalone financial statements.
2.2 Property, plant and equipment ("PPE"):
i) Recognition and Measurement
a) The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be recognised as an asset if, and only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Items of PPE are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of an item of PPE comprises its purchase price, including import duties and other non- refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use and any trade discount and rebates
are deducted in arriving at purchase price. Cost of the assets also includes interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use incurred up to that date.
b) If significant parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of PPE.
c) Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of PPE is recognised in statement of profit and loss.
d) Cost of Items of Property, plant and equipment not ready for intended use as on the balance sheet date, is disclosed as capital work in progress. Advances given towards acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advance under Other non current assets.
e) The cost property, plant and equipment at 1 April, 2016, the Company's date of transition to Ind AS, was determined with reference to its carrying value recognised as per the previous GAAP (deemed cost), as at the date of transition to Ind AS.
f) PPE is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the same period.
ii) Subsequent expenditure
Subsequent expenditure relating to PPE is capitalised only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
iii) Depreciation
Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of PPE over its useful life and is provided on a straight-line basis over the useful lives as prescribed under Schedule II to the Act or as per technical assessment. The residual values, useful lives and method of depreciation of PPE is reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Depreciation on additions / disposals is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e. from / up to the date on which asset is ready to use / disposed off. Freehold land is not depreciated.
iii) Amortisation
Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated residual values using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, and is generally recognised in statement of profit and loss. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for finite-life intangible assets is reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
The cost of Intangible assets at 1 April, 2016, the Company's date of transition to I n d AS, was determined with reference to its carrying value recognised as per the previous GAAP (deemed cost), as at the date of transition to Ind AS.
ii) Subsequent expenditure
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill and brands, is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.
2.4 Impairment of non-financial assets:
At each reporting date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its non-financial assets (other than inventories and deferred tax assets) to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated. For impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or Cash generating units ("CGU"). The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
2.5 Leases and Right of use (ROU):
The Company as a lessee
The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:
(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset;
(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and
(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of
the asset.
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
The Company leases warehouse and factory facilities. Certain lease arrangements include the options to extend the lease before the end of the lease term, but the renewal aspect has not been added to the lease term since the option to renew the lease lies with both the lessor and the lessee.
The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using discount rates generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics. Carrying amount of lease liability is increased by interest on lease liability and reduced by lease payments made. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option. Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet.
Lease payments associated with following leases are recognised as expense on straight-line basis:
(i) Low value leases; and
(ii) Leases which are short-term.
2.6 Financial instruments:
Recognition initial measurement
Trade receivables are initially recognised when they originate. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. However, trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.
Classification and subsequent measurement Financial Assets
On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at:
• amortised cost or
• FVTPL
Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets. A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:
• the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and
• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets: Business model assessment
The Company makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is held at a portfolio level because this best reflects the way
the business is managed and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:
• the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice. These include whether management's strategy focuses on earning contractual interest income, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of any related liabilities or expected cash outflows or realising cash flows through the sale of the assets;
• how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Company's management;
• the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed;
• how managers of the business are compensated -e.g. whether compensation is based on the fair value of
the assets managed or the contractual cash flows collected; and
• the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and expectations about future sales activity.
Transfers of financial assets to third parties in transactions that do not qualify for derecognition are not considered sales for this purpose, consistent with the Company's continuing recognition of the assets.
Financial assets that are held for trading or are managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis are measured at FVTPL.
The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.
Financial assets: Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest
For the purposes of this assessment, 'principal' is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. 'Interest' is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and costs (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as a profit margin.
I n assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Company considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains
a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows that it would not meet this condition. In making this assessment, the Company considers:
• contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows;
• terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable interest rate features;
• prepayment and extension features; and
• terms that limit the Company's claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non-recourse features).
A prepayment feature is consistent with the solely payments of principal and interest criterion if the prepayment amount substantially represents unpaid amounts of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, which may include reasonable additional compensation for early termination of the contract. Additionally, for a financial asset acquired at a significant discount or premium to its contractual par amount, a feature that permits or requires prepayment at an amount that substantially represents the contractual par amount plus accrued {but unpaid) contractual interest (which may also include reasonable additional compensation for early termination) is treated as consistent with this criterion if the fair value of the prepayment feature is insignificant at initial recognition.
Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses
Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses including any interest expense,
are recognised in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. Any gains or loss on derecognition is also recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition Financial assets
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers not retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership but does not retain control of the financial asset.
I f the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized. On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the carrying amount at the date of derecognition and the consideration received is recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities
The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expired.
The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flow under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Offsetting
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
2.7 Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the Company are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of an
equity instrument. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities and includes no obligation to deliver cash or other financial assets.
2.8 Inventories:
a) Raw Materials and Packing Materials are valued at cost, if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. If the decline in selling price of finished goods indicate that the cost of finished goods exceeds net realisable value, the materials are written down to net realisable value; cost is calculated on moving weighted average basis.
b) Finished Goods and Work-in-Progress are valued at lower of cost (on Moving weighted average basis) and net realisable value. In respect of finished goods, cost includes materials, appropriate share of utilities and other overheads. Trading Goods are valued at lower of cost (on Moving weighted average basis) and net realisable value. Cost of inventories comprises all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.
c) Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale on item-by-item basis.
2.9 Revenue Recognition and measurement:
Revenue from operations
a) Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when control of the goods is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods at a point in time. The Company assesses promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of transaction price is allocated. Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration on account of various discounts and schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract. Accumulated experience is used to estimate the provision for discounts, probable saleable and non-saleable return of goods from the customers. Revenue is only recognised to the extent that it is highly probable a significant reversal will not occur.
b) Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accrued in the year in which the goods are exported and no significant uncertainty exist regarding its ultimate collection.
Other income
a) Interest income is recognized using the effective interest rate (EIR) method.
b) Revenue (including in respect of insurance or other claims, etc.) is recognised when it is reasonable to expect that the ultimate collection will be made.
c) Income from services rendered is recognised over a period of time based on agreements/arrangements with the customers as the service is performed and there are no unfulfilled obligations.
d) Dividend income is accounted in the period in which the right to receive the same is established.
Refund liabilities:
A refund liability is the obligation to refund part or all of the consideration received (or receivable) from the customer. The Company has therefore recognised refund liabilities in respect of customer's right to return. The liability is measured at the amount the Company ultimately expects it will have to return to the customer. The Company updates its estimate of refund liabilities (and the corresponding change in the transaction price) at the end of each reporting period.
The Company has presented its refund liabilities as required under Ind AS 115 in the financial statements.
2.10 Foreign currency transactions and translations
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency of the Company by applying the appropriate fortnightly rate which best approximates the actual rate of the transaction.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined. Foreign currency differences are generally recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Non¬ monetary assets and liabilities that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
2.11 Employee Benefits:
a) Post Employment Benefits and Other Long
Term Benefits:
i) Defined Contribution Plan:
Company's contribution for the year paid/ payable to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss in period in which the related service is provided by the employee. The Company's contribution towards provident fund are considered to be defined contribution plan which are expensed as employee benefit expenses in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the related service is provided for which the Company makes contribution on monthly basis. The Company's legal or constructive obligation is limited to the contribution it makes.
ii) Defined Benefit Plans:
Company's liabilities towards defined benefit plans viz. gratuity expected to occur after twelve months, are determined annually by a qualified actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial valuations under the Projected Unit Credit Method are carried out at the balance sheet date by an independent actuary. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Other Comprehensive income in the period of occurrence of such gains and losses for gratuity. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost.
iii) Other long-term employee benefits - compensated absences:
Accumulated absences expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months is treated as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. The Company's net obligation in respect of other long-term employee benefit of accumulating compensated absences is the amount of future benefit that employees have accumulated at the end of the year. In respect of compensated absences, actuarial gains/ losses, if any, are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. That benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The obligation is measured annually
by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. Remeasurements are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.
b) Short term Employee Benefits:
Short term employee benefits are benefits payable and recognised in 12 months. Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised undiscounted during the year as the related service are rendered by the employee. These benefits include performance incentives. These are expensed as employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the related service is provided by the employees.
2.12 Taxes on Income:
Income tax expense represents the sum of the current
tax and deferred tax.
i) Current tax
Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.
ii) Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. However, deferred tax is not recognised :
• in case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit
• in case of temporary differences if any that may arise from initial recognition of goodwill, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised
• in case of temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. The existence of unused tax losses is strong evidence that future taxable profit may not be available. Therefore, in case of a history of recent losses, the Company recognises a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised. Deferred tax assets unrecognised or recognised, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.
Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.
Transaction or event which is recognised outside profit or loss, either in other comprehensive income or in equity, is recorded along with the tax as applicable.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) under the provision of Income Tax Act, 1961 is recognized as current tax in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The credit available under the Act in respect of MAT paid is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is resonable evidence that the company will pay normal income tax during the period for which the MAT credit can be carried forward for set off against the normal tax liability. MAT credit recognised as an asset is reviewed at each balance sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) Credit are in the form of unused tax credits that are carried forward by the Company for a specified period of time, hence, it is presented as Deferred Tax Asset.
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