A. Company Overview
Avishkar Infra Realty Limited ("the Company") is public limited company and domiciled in india and is incorporated as per the provisions of the Companies Act with its registered office located at Unit No. 301, Nestor Court, ADJ to Vinayak CHS Baji, Prabhu Deshpande Marg Pond Gavthan, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai -400056. The Company is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).
B. Significant Accounting Policies
B.1 Basis of Preparation and Presentation B.1.1 Statement of Compliance
The financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016. The financial statements up to year ended March 31, 2024 were prepared in accordance with the accounting standards notified under Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and other relevant provisions of the Act. Previous period figures in the financial statements have been restated in Ind AS.
B.1.2 Basis of Measurement
The standalone financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, on the accrual basis of accounting except for certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, as explained in relevant schedule notes.
B.1.3 Functional and presentation currency
Indian rupee is the functional and presentation currency.
B.1.4 Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions.
These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period.
Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.
Application of accounting policies that require critical accounting estimates involving complex and subjective judgments and the use of assumptions in these financial statements are:
- Useful lives of Property, plant and equipment
- Valuation of financial instruments
- Provisions and contingencies
- Income tax and deferred tax
- Measurement of defined employee benefit obligations
- Export Incentive
B.1.5 Going Concern
These financials are prepared on going concern basis on following basis:
i) Company has incurred loss during the year and in the preceding previous years; however considering future business prospects, this is going concern.
B.2 Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.
B.2.1 Other Operating Revenue
Other Operating Revenue comprises of income from ancillary activities incidental to the operations of the company and is recognised when the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of contracts.
B.2.2 Dividend and Interest income
Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive payment has been established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be measured reliably).
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be measured reliably).
B.3 Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
B.4 Income Taxes
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
Cu rrent tax:
Current tax is determined on taxable profits for the year chargeable to tax in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 including other applicable tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted.
Provisions for current income taxes are presented in the balance sheet after off-setting advance taxes paid and TDS/TCS receivables.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. MAT Credit Entitlement, is classified as unused tax credits under deferred tax by way of a credit to the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax:
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred tax asset is recognised for the carry forward of unused tax losses and unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses and unused tax credits can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
B.5 Property, Plant and Equipment Cost:
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
The cost comprises the purchase price, borrowing cost if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.
Subsequent expenditures relating to property, plant and equipment is capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.
Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company's accounting policy. Such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.
Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided using the written down method based on the useful life of the assets as estimated by the management and is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as per the requirements of Schedule II of the Act. The estimate of the useful life of the assets has been assessed based on technical advice which considered the nature of the asset, the usage of the asset, expected physical wear and tear, the operating conditions of the asset, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers warranties and maintenance support, etc.
Depreciation on items of property, plant and equipment acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition / disposal. Cost of lease-hold land is amortized equally over the period of lease.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
De-recognition:
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset at the time of disposal and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
B.6 Impairment Losses
At the end of each reporting period, the Company determines whether there is any indication that its assets (property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investments in equity instruments in subsidiaries carried at cost) have suffered an impairment loss with reference to their carrying amounts. If any indication of impairment exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less costs of disposal and value in use) of such assets is estimated and impairment is recognised, if the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount.
When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.
When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
B.7 Inventories
Inventories are taken as verified, valued and certified by the management. Inventories are stated at lower of cost and net realisable value.
Cost of inventories is determined as follows:
Shares - At lower of cost or net realizable value
Inventories are valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is less. The Construction Work in Progress includes Cost of Land, Properties, Development Rights, TDR Rights, Construction Costs and Direct Expenses attributable to the projects
B.8 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursements will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.
Contingent liability is disclosed for possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not within the control of the Company or present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.
Contingent Assets are not recognized since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realized.
B.9 Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
Financial assets:
All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.
Classification of financial assets
The financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets are added to the fair value of the financial assets on initial recognition.
After initial recognition:
(i) Financial assets (other than investments) are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Investments in debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost:
• The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
• the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments on principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Income on such debt instruments is recognised in profit or loss and is included in the "Other Income".
The Company has not designated any debt instruments as fair value through other comprehensive income.
(ii) Financial assets (i.e. investments in instruments other than equity of subsidiaries) are subsequently measured at fair value.
Such financial assets are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains (e.g. any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset) or losses arising on re-measurement recognised in profit or loss and included in the "Other Income".
Investments in equity instruments of subsidiaries
The Company measures its investments in equity instruments of subsidiaries at cost in accordance with Ind AS 27. At transition date, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of such investments measured as per the previous GAAP and use such carrying value as its deemed cost.
Impairment of financial assets:
A financial asset is regarded as credit impaired when one or more events that may have a detrimental effect on estimated future cash flows of the asset have occurred. The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets (i.e. the shortfall between the contractual cash flows that are due and all the cash flows (discounted) that the Company expects to receive).
De-recognition of financial assets:
The Company de-recognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.
Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as equity in accordance with the substance and the definitions of an equity instrument. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities.
Financial liabilities
All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest method. Interest expense that is not capitalised as part of costs of an asset is included in the "Finance Costs".
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
De-recognition of financial liabilities
The Company de-recognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company's obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. An exchange between with a lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. Similarly, a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability (whether or not attributable to the financial difficulty of the debtor) is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in profit or loss.
B. 10 Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
C. Critical Accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the Company's Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities recognised in the financial statements that are not readily apparent from other sources. The judgements, estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors including estimation of effects of uncertain future events that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates (accounted on a prospective basis) and recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods of the revision affects both current and future periods.
The following are the key estimates that have been made by the Management in the process of applying the accounting policies:
Fair value measurement of financial instruments
When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value are measured using valuation techniques. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions relating to these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
Allowance for doubtful trade receivables
Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their nominal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts.
Estimated irrecoverable amounts are derived based on a provision matrix which takes into account various factors such as customer specific risks, geographical region, product type, currency fluctuation risk, repatriation policy of the country, country specific economic risks, customer rating, and type of customer, etc.
Individual trade receivables are written off when the management deems them not to be collectable.
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