2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A. Basis of Preparation
(i) The financial statements are prepared in accordance with and in compliance, in all material
aspect with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies
Act,2013 (the Act) read along with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as
amended by Companies (Indian Accounting Standards Amendment Rules, 2016 and other
relevant provision of the Act.
Fair value measurements under Ind AS are categorized into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the
degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance
of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
(ii) All the amounts included in Financial Statements are reported in Indian Rupees in Lacs.
B. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IND AS requires use of estimates and
assumptions for some items, which might have an effect on their recognition and measurement in the
balance sheet and statement of profit and loss. The estimates and associated assumptions are based
on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. The actual results may
differ from these estimates. The Company's management believes that the estimates used in preparation
of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revision to the accounting estimates is
recognized prospectively in the current and future periods.
2.1 Presentation of True and Fair View and compliance with IND AS
Financial statements present a true and fair view of the financial position, financial performance and
cash flows of the company. Presentation of true and fair view requires the faithful representation of the
effects of transactions, other events and conditions in accordance with the definitions and recognition
criteria for assets, liabilities, income and expenses set out in the Framework. The application of IND AS,
with additional disclosure when necessary, is presumed to result in financial statements that present a
true and fair view.
Financial statements comply with IND AS explicitly and without any reservation.
2.2 Going concern
The Company prepares its financial statements on a going concern.
2.3 Accrual basis of accounting
The Financial Statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis,
except for Certain financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair values at the end of each
reporting period
2.4 Materiality and aggregation
The Company presents separately each material class of similar items. It presents seperate items of a
dissimilar nature or function unless they are immaterial except when required by law.
2.5 Offsetting
The Company do not offset assets and liabilities or income and expenses, unless required or permitted
by an IND AS.
2.6 Minimum comparative information
Except when IND ASs permit or require otherwise, the company presents comparative information in
respect of the preceding period for all amounts reported in the current period's financial statements. It
also includes comparative information for narrative and descriptive information if it is relevant to
understanding the current period's financial statements.
2.7 Other comprehensive income
Other Comprehensive Income comprises items of income and expenses (including reclassification
adjustments) that are not recognised in profit or loss as required or permitted by other IND AS. The
components of other comprehensive income include: (a) changes in revaluation surplus; (b)
reameasurements of defined benefit plans; gains and losses from investments in equity instruments
designated at fair value.
2.8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors
In the absence of an IND AS that specifically applies to a transaction, other event or condition, management
shall use its judgement in developing and applying an accounting policy that results in information that
is: (a) relevant to the economic decision-making needs of users; and (b) reliable, in that the financial
statements: (i) represent faithfully the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the
entity; (ii) reflect the economic substance of transactions, other events and conditions, and not merely
the legal form; (iii) are neutral, i.e. free from bias; (iv) are prudent; and (v) are complete in all material
respects.
(i) Changes in accounting policies
The Company will change an accounting policy only if the change: (a) is required by an IND AS; or (b)
results in the financial statements providing reliable and more relevant information about the effects of
transactions, other events or conditions on the entity's financial position, financial performance or cash
flows.
The Company has corrected all material prior period errors retrospectively in the first set of financial
statements approved for issue after their discovery by: (a) restating the comparative amounts for the
prior period(s) presented in which the error occurred; or (b) if the error occurred before the earliest prior
period presented, restating the opening balances of assets, liabilities and equity for the earliest prior
period presented.
(ii) Events after the Reporting Period
The Company will adjust the amounts recognised in its financial statements to reflect adjusting events
after the reporting period. The Company will not adjust the amounts recognised in its financial statements
to reflect non-adjusting events after the reporting period. If the company declares dividends to holders of
equity instruments after the reporting period, it will not recognise those dividends as a liability at the end
of the reporting period. If the company receives information after the reporting period about conditions
that existed at the end of the reporting period, it shall update disclosures that relate to those conditions,
in the light of the new information. If non-adjusting events after the reporting period are material, non¬
disclosure could influence the economic decisions that users make on the basis of the financial
statements. Accordingly, it will disclose the following for each material category of non-adjusting event
after the reporting period: (a) the nature of the event; and (b) an estimate in alteranative investment funds
and other financial assets.
(v) Measurement of Fair Values.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
Disclosure is given for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or non¬
recurring basis in the balance sheet after initial recognition, the valuation techniques and inputs used to
develop those measurements and for recurring fair value measurements using significant unobservable
inputs, the effect of the measurements on profit or loss or other comprehensive income for the period.
(iv) Inventories
Inventories shall be measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories shall
comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories
to their present location and condition.
The cost of inventories shall be assigned by using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) or weighted average cost
formula. Same cost formula for all inventories having a similar nature and use to the entity has been
used.
When inventories are sold, the carrying amount of those inventories is recognised as an expense in the
period in which the related revenue is recognised. The amount of any write-down of inventories to net
realisable value and all losses of inventories is recognised as an expense in the period the write-down or
loss occurs. The amount of any reversal of any write-down of inventories, arising from an increase in net
realisable value, is recognised as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognised as an expense in
the period in which the reversal occurs.
(v) Revenue Recognition.
Revenue will be recognised when the parties to the contract have approved the contract (in writing, orally
or in accordance with other customary business practices) and are committed to perform their respective
obligations; each party's rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred is identified ;payment
terms for the goods or services to be transferred is identified; the contract has commercial substance;
and it is probable that the company will collect the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange
for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer. In evaluating whether collectability of an
amount of consideration is probable, company shall consider only the customer's ability and intention to
pay that amount of consideration when it is due. The amount of consideration to which company will be
entitled may be less than the price stated in the contract if the consideration is variable because the
company may offer the customer a price concession.
The company shall recognise revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised
good or service (i.e. an asset) to a customer. An asset is transferred when the customer obtains control
of that asset.
When a performance obligation is satisfied, company shall recognise as revenue the amount of the
transaction price that is allocated to that performance obligation.
A gain or loss on a financial asset or financial liability that is measured at fair value shall be recognised
in profit or loss.
Dividends are recognised in profit or loss only when :(a) the company's right to receive payment of the
dividend is established;(b) it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow
to the company; and (c) The amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.
(vi) Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE)
The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be recognised as an asset if, and only if: (a)
it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the company; and (b) the
cost of the item can be measured reliably. Under the recognition principle , an entity recognises in the
carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment the cost of replacing part of such an item
when that cost is incurred if the recognition criteria are met.
The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised : (a) on disposal; or (b)
when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or losses arising from
derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be included in profit or loss when the item
is derecognised.
Depreciation is recognised to write off the cost of assets less their residual values over their useful lives,
using the Straight Line method.
(vii) Impairment of Assets
Company shall assess at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that an asset
may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the company shall estimate the recoverable amount of
the asset. If, and only if, the recoverable amount of an asset is less than its carrying amount, the
carrying amount of the asset shall be reduced to its recoverable amount. That reduction is an impairment
loss. After the recognition of an impairment loss, the depreciation (amortisation) charge for the asset is
adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset's revised carrying amount, less its residual value (if any),
on a systematic basis over its remaining useful life.
(viii) Financial Instrument
Recognition and derecognition
The Company recognises a financial asset or a financial liability in its balance sheet when, and only
when, it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. A regular way purchase or sale
of financial assets shall be recognised and derecognised, as applicable, using trade date accounting or
settlement date accounting.
The company will derecognise a financial asset when and only when: (a) the contractual rights to the
cash flows from the financial asset expire, or (b) it transfers the financial asset as set out below and the
transfer qualifies for derecognition.
(i) An entity transfers a financial asset if, and only if, it either: (a) transfers the contractual rights to
receive the cash flows of the financial asset, or (b) retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows
of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more
recipients in an arrangement that meets the conditions.
(ii) When the company retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of a financial asset (the
‘original asset'), but assumes a contractual obligation to pay those cash flows to one or more entities
(the ‘eventual recipients'), the company treats the transaction as a transfer of a financial asset if, and
only if, all of the conditions are met like:(a) The entity has no obligation to pay amounts to the eventual
recipients unless it collects equivalent amounts from the original asset. Short-term advances by the
company with the right of full recovery of the amount lent plus accrued interest at market rates do not
violate this condition.(b) The company is prohibited by the terms of the transfer contract from selling or
pledging the original asset other than as security to the eventual recipients for the obligation to pay them
cash flows.(c) The company has an obligation to remit any cash flows it collects on behalf of the
eventual recipients without material delay. In addition, the entity is not entitled to pay all future employees
benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior period. If it retain such a legal on constructive
obligation, it shall treat the plan as a defined benefit plan.
(iii) Whenever the company transfers a financial asset it evaluates the extent to which it retains the
risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In this case: (a) if the company transfers
substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the company derecognises
the financial asset and recognise separately as assets or liabilities any rights and obligations created or
retained in the transfer. (b) If the company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of
the financial asset, it will continue to recognise the financial asset. (c) If the company neither transfers
nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the company
determines whether it has retained control of the financial asset.
In this case : (i) If the company has not retained control, it shall derecognise the financial asset and
recognise separately as assets or liabilities any rights and obligations created or retained in the transfer.
(ii) If the company has retained control, it shall continue to recognise the financial asset to the extent of
its continuing involvement in the financial asset.
Transfers that qualify for derecognition
(i) When the company transfers a financial asset in a transfer that qualifies for derecognition in its
entirety and retains the right to service the financial asset for a fee, it recognises either a servicing asset
or a servicing liability for that servicing contract. If the fee to be received is not expected to compensate
the company adequately for performing the servicing, a servicing liability for the servicing obligation is
recognised at its fair value. If the fee to be received is expected to be more than adequate compensation
for the servicing, a servicing asset shall be recognised for the servicing right at an amount determined on
the basis of an allocation of the carrying amount of the larger financial asset as stated in (iv) below.
(ii) If, as a result of a transfer, a financial asset is derecognised in its entirety but the transfer results in
the entity obtaining a new financial asset or assuming a new financial liability, or a servicing liability, the
company recognises the new financial asset, financial liability or servicing liability at fair value.
(iii) On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between: (a) the carrying amount
(measured at the date of derecognition) and (b) the consideration received (including any new asset
obtained less any new liability assumed) is recognised in profit or loss.
(iv) If the transferred asset is part of a larger financial asset (e.g. when the company transfers interest
cash flows that are part of a debt instrument, and the part transferred qualifies for derecognition in its
entirety, the previous carrying amount of the larger financial asset shall be allocated between the part
that continues to be recognised and the part that is derecognised, on the basis of the relative fair values
of those parts on the date of the transfer. For this purpose, a retained servicing asset shall be treated as
a part that continues to be recognised. The difference between: (a) the carrying amount (measured at
the date of derecognition) allocated to the part derecognised and (b) the consideration received for the
part derecognised (including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed) shall be recognised
in profit or loss.
Transfers that do not qualify for derecognition
If a transfer does not result in derecognition because the entity has retained substantially all the risks
and rewards of ownership of the transferred asset, the entity shall continue to recognise the transferred
asset in its entirety and shall recognise a financial liability for the consideration received. In subsequent
periods, the entity shall recognise any income on the transferred asset and any expense incurred on the
financial liability.
Continuing involvement in transferred assets
When the company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of
a transferred asset, and retains control of the transferred asset, the company continues to recognise the
transferred asset to the extent of its continuing involvement.
Derecognition of financial liabilities
An entity shall remove a financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) from its balance sheet when,
and only when, it is extinguished—i.e. when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or
cancelled or expires.
Classification of financial assets
The Company will classify financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value
through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of both: (a) the
entity's business model for managing the financial assets and (b) the contractual cash flow characteristics
of the financial asset.
A financial asset shall be measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met: (a) the
financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to
collect contractual cash flows and (b) the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified
dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Classification of financial liabilities
An entity shall classify all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost.
(x) Measurement of expected credit losses
The company has measured expected credit losses of a financial instrument in a way that reflects :(a)
an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible
outcomes;(b) the time value of money; and(c) reasonable and supportable information that is available
without undue cost or effort at the reporting date about past events, current conditions and forecasts of
future economic conditions.
(xi) Investments in equity instruments
At initial recognition, the company makes an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive
income subsequent changes in the fair value of an investment in an equity instrument within the scope
of this Standard that is neither held for trading nor contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in
a business combination to which IND AS103 applies. Once it makes this election, it shall recognise in
profit or loss dividends from that investment.
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