1. COMPANY INFORMATION

DDEV PLASTIKS INDUSTRIES LIMITED (''the Company'') was incorporated in India on 7^th of December 2020. The registered office is located at 2B Pretoria Street, Kolkata-700071. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing of Plastic Compounds.

The financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31^st March, 2024 were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors as on 20.05.2024

2. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.1 Statement of Compliance

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the 'Ind AS') as notified by Ministry of Corporate affairs pursuant to section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.

The financial statements have been prepared on accrual and going concern basis. The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the periods presented in the financial statements.

All Assets and Liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria as set out in the Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest lakhs as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

2.2 Basis of Measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis (which includes deemed cost as per Ind AS 101), except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:

(i) Derivative financial instruments

(ii) Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

(iii) Defined benefits plans - Plan assets measured at fair value

2.3 Key Accounting Estimates And Judgements

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions in the

application of accounting policies that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and reported amount of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Continuous evaluation is done on the estimation and judgments based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.

Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies, as well as estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are included in the following notes below :-

(i) Estimation of employee defined benefit obligations

Ind AS 19 requires the exercise of judgment in relation to various assumptions including future pay rises, inflation and discount rates and employee and pensioner demographics. The Company determines the assumptions in conjunction with its actuaries, and believes these assumptions to be in line with best practice, but the application of different assumptions could have a significant effect on the amounts reflected in the income statement, other comprehensive income and balance sheet. There may be also interdependency between some of the assumptions.

(ii) Estimation of current tax expenses

Significant judgments are involved in determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions.In assessing the realizability of deferred income tax assets, management considers whether some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversals of deferred income tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred income tax assets are deductible, management believes that the company will realize the benefits of those deductible differences. The amount of the deferred income tax assets considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carry forward period are reduced.

(iii) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after

determining an estimate of an asset's expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company's assets are determined by the management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technology.

(iv) Leases

Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to Company operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances. After considering current and future economic conditions, the Company has concluded that no changes are required to lease period relating to the existing lease contracts.

(v) Allowance for credit losses on receivable

The Company determines the allowance for credit losses based on historical loss experience adjusted to reflect current and estimated future economic conditions. The Company considered current and anticipated future economic conditions relating to industries the company deals with and the countries where it operates. In calculating expected credit loss, the Company has also considered credit reports and other related credit information for its customers to estimate the probability of default in future and has taken into account estimates of possible effect from the pandemic relating to COVID -19.

3. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3.1 Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue, whenever control over distinct goods or services is transferred to the customer; i.e. when the customer is able to direct the use of the transferred goods or services and obtains substantially all of the remaining benefits, provided a contract with enforceable rights and obligations exists and amongst others collectability of consideration is probable taking into account customer's creditworthiness.

Revenue is the transaction price the Company expects to be entitled to. In determining the transaction price, the Company considers effects of variable consideration, the existence of significant financing contracts, noncash consideration and consideration payable to the customer, if any. The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which the transaction price needs to be allocated (e.g. warranties etc.).

Variable Consideration

If the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the company estimates the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur once associated uncertainties are resolved. Some contracts with the customers provide them with a right to return and volume rebates. The right to return and volume rebates gives rise to variable consideration.

The amount of variable consideration is calculated by either using the expected value or the most likely amount depending on which is expected to better predict the amount of variable consideration. Consideration is also adjusted for the time value of money if the period between the transfer of goods or services and the receipt of payment exceeds twelve months and there is a significant financing benefit either to the customer or the Company. If a contract contains more than one distinct good or service, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on relative stand-alone selling prices. If stand-alone selling prices are not observable, the Company reasonably estimates those.

Revenue is recognized for each performance obligation either at a point in time or over time.

Sale of goods: Revenues are recognized at a point in time when control of the goods passes to the buyer, usually upon either at the time of dispatch or delivery. Revenue from sale of goods is net of taxes and recovery of charges collected from customers like transport, packing etc.

Contract balances:

Trade Receivables:

A receivable represents the Company's right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e. only a passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due).

Contract liabilities:

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the company transfer goods and services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is

due, whichever is earlier. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the company performs under the contract.

Interest Income

Interest income is recognised using the effective interest rate, which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.

Dividend Income

Revenue is recognised when the right to receive the payment is established by the reporting date.

Other Claims / Receipts

Insurance claims and other receipts including export incentives, where quantum of accruals cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty, these receipts are accounted on receipt basis.

Commission Income

When the Company Acts in the capacity of an agent rather than as the princpal in a transaction the revenue recognised is the net amount of the commission earned by the Company.

3.2 Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises purchase price including import duties and other non-refundable duties and taxes, borrowing cost if capitalization criteria are met and other directly attributable cost for bringing the Assets to its present location and condition.

The cost of replacing part of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item only when it is probable that future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company and the cost of the item/part can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which they are incurred.

When parts of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of Property, Plant and Equipment.

Gains or losses arising on retirement or disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Property, Plant and Equipment which are not ready for intended use as on the date of Balance sheet are disclosed as "Capital Work-in-progress".

Items of Property, Plant and Equipment acquired through exchange of non-monetary assets are measured at fair value,

unless the exchange transaction lacks commercial substance or the fair value of either the asset received or asset given up is not reliably measurable, in which case the asset exchanged is recorded at the carrying amount of the asset given up.

The Assets which are held for Sale shall be reclassified to Current Assets only if its carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction (within one year) rather than through continuing use.

Depreciation andAmmortization:-

Depreciation is provided on a pro-rata basis on the straight line method based on estimated useful life prescribed in Part - C under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Useful life of Plant and Machinery has been considered 25 years as against 15 years as prescribed in Shedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 which is based on the prevailing practices of the comparable industries and our past experience for last 30 years.

3.3 Intangible Assets :

Separately purchased intangible assets are initially measured at cost.Subsequently, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.Finite-life intangible assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over the period of their expected useful lives. Estimated useful lives by major class of finite-life intangible assets are as follows :-

The Intangible Assets are derecognised either when they are being disposed off or no future economic benefit is expected from its use or disposal, the difference net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of Assets is recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss in the period of dereognition

3.4 Non Current Assets held for Sale

Non-current assets or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities are classified as 'held for sale' when all of the following

criteria are met : (i) decision has been made to sell. (ii) the assets are available for immediate sale in its present condition (iii) the assets are being actively marketed and (iv) sale has been agreed or is expected to be concluded within 12 months of the Balance Sheet date. Subsequently, such non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of its carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. Noncurrent assets held for sale are not depreciated or amortised.

3.5 Investment Property

Investment Property comprises Free-Hold Lands that are held for Capital Appreciation as it has been held for a currently undetermined future use and are recognised at cost. An Investment Property are derecognised either when they are disposed off or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected.The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in statement of profit and loss in the period of derecognition.

3.6 Lease

The Company as a lessee

The Company's lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for buildings, machineries and warehouses. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset

(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (shortterm leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised. The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-inuse) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs. The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option. Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

3.7 Impairment of non-financial assets

As at each balance sheet date, the Company assesses whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired and also whether there is an indication of reversal of impairment loss recognised in the previous periods. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, if any, the Company determines the recoverable amount and impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is determined:-

a) In the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value in use ; and

b) In the case of cash generating unit (a group of asset that generates identified, independent cash flow), at the higher of the cash generating unit's fair value less cost to sell and the value in use.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discounting rate that reflect the current market assessment of the time value of the money and the risk specific to the asset. In determining fair value less cost of disposal, recent market transaction is taken into account. If no such transaction can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

3.8 Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Initial Recognition and measurement of Financial Assets

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus or minus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, in the same manner as described in subsequent measurement.

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e. the date the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

(a) Financial assets at amortised cost

(b) Financial assets at fair value through other

comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

(c) Financial assets at fair value through profit

or loss (FVTPL)

(d) Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

(a) Financial assets at amortised cost

A financial asset that meets the following two conditions is measured at amortised cost (net of any write down for impairment) unless the asset is designated at fair value through profit or loss under the fair value option.

i) Business model test : The objective of the Company's business model is to hold the financial asset to collect the contractual cash flows (rather than to sell the instrument prior to its contractual maturity to realize its fair value changes).

ii) Cash flow characteristics test : The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are

an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss.

Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument or where appropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount on initial recognition

(b) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

A financial asset that meets the following two conditions is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income unless the asset is designated at fair value through profit or loss under the fair value option.

i) Business model test : The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets.

ii) Cash flow characteristics test : The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

(c) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

FVTPL is a residual category for financial assets. Any financial asset, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a financial asset, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as'accounting mismatch') that would otherwise arise from measuring financial assets and financial liabilities or recognising the gains or losses on them on different bases.

Financial assets included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

(d) Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument by instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If an equity investment is not held for trading, an irrecoverable election is made at initial recognition to measure it at fair value through other comprehensive income with only dividend income recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from other comprehensive income to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company's financial statement) when:

The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement; and either:

(i) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

(ii) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards

of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Write Off

An entity shall directly reduce the gross carrying amount of a Financial Asset when the entity has no reasonable expectation of recovering a financial asset in its entity or for a portion thereof.

Investment in joint ventures and subsidiaries:

The Company has accounted for its investment in joint ventures and subsidiaries at cost.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies expected credit losses (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets:

(a) Financial assets measured at amortised cost

(b) Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Expected Credit Losses are measured through either 12 month ECL or lifetime ECL and it is assessed as following:

For recognition of impairment loss on financial assets, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in the subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves, such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL

is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

The Company follows 'simplified approach' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

The Company follows a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on the portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historical observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward looking estimates are analysed.

For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.

B) Financial liabilities

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company's financial liabilities include loans and borrowings, trade and other payables and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

(a) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by

Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied.

(b) Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

(c) Financial Guarantee Contracts

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

The Company enters into derivative contracts such as forward currency contract, option contract and cross currency and interest rate swaps to hedge foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedges, which is recognised in other comprehensive income and later reclassified to statement of profit and loss when the hedge item affects profit or loss.

3.9 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprises cash in hand, cash at banks and short-term depositsm with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in hand, cash at banks and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts, if any, as they are considered an integral part of the cash management.

3.10' Foreign currency Transactions

The Company's financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR) which is also Company's functional currency.

Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currency, using the exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction. At each balance sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing exchange rate. Exchange rate differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on translating of monetary items at each balance sheet reporting date at the closing rate are recognised as income or expense in the period in which they arise except exchange difference on monetary items that qualify as a hedging instrument in a cash flow hedge are recognised initialy in OCI to the extent the hedge is effective.

Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction. Nonmonetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates prevailing at the date when fair value is determined.

When a gain or loss on non-monetary items is recognised in OCI any exchange component of that gain / loss shall be recognised in OCI, conversaly when a gain or loss on a nonmonetary item is recognised in Profit / loss any exchange component of that gain/loss shall be recognised in Profit / Loss.

3.11 Fair Value Measurement:

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

(a) In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

(b) In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2—Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

3.12 Inventories

Raw materials : Inventories are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost is determined by using the Weighted average method. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Finished Goods and Traded Goods: Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Finished goods include cost of conversion and other cost incurred for bringing the inventories to their present location and condition and Traded Goods includes purchase prise and other cost incurred for bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Stores & Spareparts : Store and Spare Parts are valued at Cost.

3.13 Employee Benefits

Short Term Employee Benefits

Short term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be settled wholly before twelve months after the year end, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably. It includes Salary, wages, paid annual leave.

Post Employement Benefits Defined Contribution Plan

Retirement benefits in the form of contribution to Provident fund are defined contribution plans. The contributions are charged to the statement of profit and loss as and when due monthly and are paid to the Government administered Providend Fund towards which the Company has no further obligation beyond its monthly contribution. Superannuation benefit scheme is not exsisting in the Company.

Defined benefit plans:

The Company operates defined benefit plan viz., gratuity. The costs of providing benefits under this plan are determined

on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. Actuarial valuation is carried out for the plan using the projected unit credit method.

Defined benefit costs are comprised of:

a) service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);

b) Net interest expense or income; and

c) Re-measurement.

The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in profit or loss in the line item 'Employee benefits expense' Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs. Re-measurement of net defined benefit liability/ asset pertaining to gratuity comprise actuarial gains/ losses (i.e. changes in the present value resulting from experience adjustments and effects of changes in actuarial assumptions) and is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss.

3.14 Borrowing Cost

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which it is incurred.

Borrowing costs include interest expense calculated using the effective interest rate method as described in Ind AS 109- Financial Instruments, finance charges in respect of finance leases are recognised in accordance with Ind AS 116- Leases and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs.

3.15 Income Taxes

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. It is recognised in statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

Current Tax

Current income tax represents the tax currently payable on the taxable income for the year and any adjustment to the tax in respect of the previous years. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax

bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred income tax asset are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reveiwed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates ( and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside the statement of profit and loss. Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if:

(i) entity has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and

(ii) deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to the income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity. In this case, tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

3.16 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting

is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Contingent Liabilities and Assets

Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the notes. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made where there is a possible obligation arising out of past event, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation arising out of past event where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made. Contingent Assets are not recognised but disclosed in the financial statements when economic inflow is probable.

3.17 Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period after deducting any attributable tax thereto for the period by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

3.18 Current and Non-current Classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non current classification.

An asset is current when:

- It is expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle (twelve months),

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,

- It is expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period,

- It is cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle (twelve months),

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period,

Or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

3.19 Business Combination

Business combinations, if any, are accounted for using the acquisition accounting method as at the date of the acquisition, which is the date at which control is transferred to the Company. The consideration transferred in the acquisition and the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognised at fair values on their acquisition date. Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for non-controlling interests, and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the Goodwill computed as per IND AS 103 is negative, the acquirer needs to reassess the identification and measurement of the acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities and the measurement of the cost of combination. If negative goodwill remains, this is recognised immediately in OCI and accumulated in equity as Capital Reserve. The Company recognises any non-controlling interests, and

any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company recognises any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest's proportionate share of the acquired entity's net identifiable assets. Consideration transferred does not include amounts related to settlement of pre-existing relationships. Such amounts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, other than those incurred in relation to the issue of debt or equity securities. Any contingent consideration payable is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. Subsequent changes in the fair value of contingent consideration are recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss.

If there is an acquisition of an asset or a group of assets that does not constitute a business.In such cases the Company shall identify and recognise the individual identifiable assets acquired (including those assets that meet the definition of, and recognition criteria for, intangible assets in Ind AS 38, Intangible Assets) and liabilities assumed. The cost of the group shall be allocated to the individual identifiable assets and liabilities on the basis of their relative fair values at the date of purchase. Such a transaction or event does not give rise to goodwill.