2. Significant Material Accounting Policies
a) Statement of Compliance
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.
b) Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
This Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristic into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the Financial Statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
1) Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
2) Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
3) Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
c) Rounding of Amounts
All amounts disclosed in the Standalone Financial Statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest lakhs, except where otherwise indicated
d) Recent Accounti ng Prono uncement
Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31, 2025, MCA during the year has notified Ind AS - 117 Insurance Contracts and amendments to Ind AS 116 - Leases, relating to sale and leaseback transactions, applicable to the Company. The Company has reviewed the new pronouncements and based on its evaluation
has determined that it does not have any significant impact in its financial statements.
e) Use of Estimates and Judgements
The presentation of the Financial Statements are in conformity with the Ind AS which requires the management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Such estimates and assumptions are based on management's evaluation of relevant facts and circumstances as on the date of Financial Statements. The actual outcome may differ from these estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to the accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.
Key assumptions
1) Evaluation of recoverability of deferred tax assets
Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management judgment is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.
2) Assets and obligations relating to employee benefits
The cost of the defined benefit plans, compensated absences and the present value of the defined benefit obligations are based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These interalia include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long¬ term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
3) Useful lives of Property, plant and equipment
The Company reviews the useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment at the end of each reporting period. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expense in future periods.
4) Impairment of Property, plant and equipment
For Property, plant and equipment and intangibles an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that the carrying amount may not be recoverable or previously recognised impairment losses no
longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or Cash Generating Unit (CGU's) recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised.
5) Valuation of inventories
The Company estimates the net realisable value (NRV) of its inventories by taking into account estimated selling price, estimated cost of completion, estimated costs necessary to make the sale, obsolescence considering the past trend. Inventories are written down to NRV where such NRV is lower than their cost.
f) Inventories
Inventories include stock-in-trade and finished goods. Inventories are stated at lower of cost on weighted average basis and net realizable value. Stock-in-trade includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Finished goods include cost of raw materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price of inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.”
g) Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents.
h) Revenue Recognition
1) Revenue from contracts with customers
The Company derives revenues primarily from sale of products and services. Revenue from sale of goods is recognised net of returns and discounts. Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expect to receive in exchange for those products or services.
To recognise revenues, the Company applies the following five step approach :
i. Identify the contract with customer;
ii. Identify the performance obligations in the contract;
iii. Determine the transaction price;
iv. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
v. Recognise revenues when a performance obligation is satisfied.
Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties.
The Company presents revenues net of indirect taxes in its Statement of Profit and Loss.
Performance obligation may be satisfied over time or at a point in time. Performance obligations satisfied over time if any one of the following criteria is met. In such cases, revenue is recognised over time.
i. The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company's performance; or
ii. The Company's performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced; or
iii. The Company's performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
For performance obligations where one of the above conditions are not met, revenue is recognised at the point in time at which the performance obligation is satisfied.
2) Interest Income
Interest income from financial assets is recognised using the effective interest rate method
i) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant & Equipment are stated at acquisition cost (i.e. fair value on the Appointed Date as determined under the Scheme of Amalgamation) less accumulated depreciation and net of impairment, if any. The actual cost capitalised includes freight, installation cost, duties and taxes and other incidental expenses related to acquisition.
Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administration purposes are carried at cost, less any recognized impairment loss. All the direct expenditure related to implementation including incidental expenditure incurred during the period of implementation of a project, till it is commissioned, is accounted as Capital work in Progress (CWIP) and such properties are classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use.
Derecognition
All items of Property, Plant and Equipment are derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the
continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in the profit or loss.
Depreciation/amortization
Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation / amortization on Property, Plant & Equipment other than freehold land, buildings and plant and machinery are charged based on straight line method on an estimated useful life as prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Depreciation on Building and Plant and Machinery has been charged on Straight Line Method over the useful life of assets as determined by the Valuer while evaluating fair value. The estimated useful lives and residual values of the property, plant and equipment are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
D e p r e c i a t i o n o n i t e m s o f p r o p e r t y, p l a n t a n d equipment acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition / disposal.
Useful lives of Tangible Assets
Assets Useful Life
Land -
Building 20 to 50 years
Plant and Equipment 7 to 15 years
Furniture and Fixtures 10 years
Vehicles 8 years
Office Equipments 5 years
j) Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets acquired separately
Intangible Assets (includes intangible under development) with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.
Derecognition of Intangible Assets
An Intangible Asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an Intangible Asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.
Useful lives of Intangible Assets Assets Useful Life
Software 5 years
k) Impairment
Financial Assets (other than at fair value)
The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognizes lifetime expected losses for all trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction.
Non-Financial Assets
At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash generating unit for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit and loss.
When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or cash generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss.
l) Foreign Currencies
In preparing the Financial Statements of the Company, the transactions in currencies other than the entity's
functional currency (INR) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rate prevailing at that date.
Exchange differences arising on monetary items are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.
m) Employee Benefits
Employee Benefits include Provident Fund, Employee State Insurance Scheme, Gratuity Fund and compensated absences.
1) Short-Term Employee Benefits:
The undiscounted amount of Short-Term Employee Benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognized during the year when the employees render the service.
2) Post Employment Obligations
(i) Defined Contribution Plan:
The Company's contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund and Employees State Insurance Scheme are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.
(ii) Defined Benefit Plans:
For Defined Benefit Plans in the form of Gratuity Fund and compensated absences, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur.
Remeasurement recognized in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset.
The Company recognizes the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:
1. Service costs comprising current service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and settlements; and
2. Net interest expense or income
The retirement benefit obligation recognized in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognized past service cost, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to past service cost, plus the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.
3) Other long-term employee benefit obligations
The liabilities for leave are not expected to be settled wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the Balance Sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur
n) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing Costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
o) Earnings Per Share
Basic Earnings Per Share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The Company did not have any potential dilutive securities in current
p) Taxation
Tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
Current Tax
Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis on estimated taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the relevant tax laws and based on the expected outcome of
assessments / appeals.
Current income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax assets to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised ouside the statement of profit and loss is recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss. Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.
The break-up of the major components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities as at balance sheet date has been arrived at after setting off deferred tax assets and liabilities where the Company have a legally enforceable right to set-off assets against liabilities.
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