Corporate Information
Ecoplast Limited is Public Company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 having Corporate Identity Number L25200GJ1981PLC004375. Its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange in India. The Company is engaged in the business of manufacturing, processing and selling of Co-extruded Plastic Film for packaging and industrial applications. The principal place of business of the company is at Abrama-Valsad. The Company caters to both domestic and international markets. It has various certifications like ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 22000 registration thereby complying with globally accepted quality standards.
These Standalone Financial Statements of the company as at and for the year ended 31st March, 2026 and have been approved by the Board of Directors at their meeting held on May 30, 2026.
However, pursuant to the Composite Scheme of Amalgamation ('the Scheme') for merger of the Kunal Plastics Private Limited (“the Transferor Company"), with and into the Company, from the specified retrospective appointed date (April 1, 2025), as approved by the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), Ahmedabad vide its order dated May 14, 2026 (“the Order"). The Scheme is effective from May 28, 2026 upon filing the same with the Register of Companies, Mumbai. Consequent to the Order the Company has prepared Financial Statements incorporating financial information/ details of the Transferor Company as detailed out below only to give effect of the Order and same were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on May 30, 2026 (Refer Note 40).
1. Material Accounting Policies and Basis of Preparation Basis of Preparation standalone Financial Statements :
The accompanying standalone Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“Act") read with rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015; and the other relevant provisions of the Act and Rules thereunder.
The Standalone Financial Statements have been prepared under historical cost convention basis, except for certain assets and liabilities measured at fair value and defined benefit plans - plan assets measured at fair value.
Functional and Presentation Currency:
The Company's presentation and functional currency is Indian Rupees (Rs.) and it is the currency of the primary economic environment where the Company operates. All figures appearing the standalone financial statements are rounded off to the Rupees in lacs, as per the requirement of Schedule III of the Companies Act 2013, unless otherwise stated.
Classification of Assets and Liabilities as Current and Non-Current:
All assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle (determined at 12 months) and other criteria set out in Schedule III of the Act.
1.1. Use of Judgment and Estimates:
The preparation of Company's standalone financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities and the accompanying disclosures along with contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require material adjustments to the carrying amounts of the assets or liabilities affected in future periods. The Company continually evaluates these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information.
^ Financial instruments;
Estimates of useful lives and residual value of Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible assets;
^ Valuation of Inventories;
Measurement of Defined Benefit Obligations and actuarial assumptions;
Provisions;
^ Contingencies.
Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.
1.2. Property, Plant and Equipment
1.2.1. Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
1.2.2. The initial costs of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction costs (including import duties and non-refundable taxes), any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management, the initial estimate of any decommissioning obligation, if any, and borrowing cost for qualifying assets (i.e. assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use).
1.2.3. Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.
1.2.4. Expenditure on assets not exceeding threshold limit are charged to revenue.
1.2.5. Spare parts which meet the definition of Property, Plant and Equipment are capitalised as Property, Plant and Equipment in case the unit value of the spare part is above the threshold limit. In other cases, the spare part is inventorised on procurement and charged to Statement of Profit and Loss on consumption.
1.2.6. An item of Property, Plant and Equipment and any significant part initially recognised separately as part of Property, Plant and Equipment is de-recognised upon disposal; or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
1.2.7. The residual values and useful lives of Property, Plant and Equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and changes, if any are accounted in line with revisions to accounting estimates.
1.3. Depreciation
Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment are provided on straight line basis, over the estimated useful lives of assets (after
retaining the estimated residual value of 5%). These useful lives determined are in line with the useful lives as prescribed in the
Schedule II of the Act.
1.3.1. Items of Property, Plant and Equipment costing not more than the threshold limit are depreciated 100% in the year of acquisition.
1.3.2. Components of the main asset that are significant in value and have different useful lives as compared to the main asset are depreciated over their estimated useful life. Useful life of such components has been assessed based on historical experience and internal technical assessment.
1.3.3. Depreciation on spare parts specific to an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is based on life of the related Property, Plant and Equipment. In other cases, the spare parts are depreciated over their estimated useful life based on the technical assessment.
1.3.4. Depreciation is charged on additions/ deletions on pro-rata monthly basis including the month of addition/ deletion.
1.4. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, excluding eligible development costs are not capitalized and the related expenditure is reflected in the profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.
Amortisation:
Amortisation is recognized on a Straight line method over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.
Estimated Useful Life: Software 5 Years
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.
1.5 Impairment of Non Financial Assets
At each reporting date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an Impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest Company of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease and to the extent that the impairment loss is greater than the related revaluation surplus, the excess impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.
Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss to the extent that it eliminates the impairment loss which has been recognised for the asset in prior years. Any increase in excess of this amount is treated as a revaluation increase.
1.6. Borrowing Costs
General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale. Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange difference to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
1.7. Non current asset held for sale
Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sale of such assets.
1.8. Leases
Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease
The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Identification of a lease requires significant judgment. The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate.
As a lessee
The company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received. The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability.
1) Certain lease arrangements include the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.
2) The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with periods covered by an option to extend the lease, where the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise the option.
3) When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of use asset has been reduced to zero.
1.9. Inventories
1.9.1. Inventories are valued at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. The cost in respect of the various items of inventory is computed as under:
^ Raw Materials, Packing Materials, Machinery Spares, Ink and Fuel - includes cost of purchases and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. However materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on First in First out basis.
^ Finished and Semi - Finished goods - at lower of cost or net realizable value
The cost for the purpose of valuation of Finished and Semi - Finished goods is arrived at on FIFO basis and also Cost of
conversion which includes an appropriate share of production overheads based on normal operating capacity and other cost
incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.
^ Scrap - are valued at net realizable value.
1.9.2. Customs duty/GST on Raw materials/ finished goods lying in bonded warehouse is provided for at the applicable rates except where liability to pay duty is transferred to consignee.
1.9.3. Raw materials held for use in production of Finished Goods are written down below Cost, only if, the estimated Cost or Net Realizable Value of Finished Goods will not exceed Net Realizable Value of such Raw Materials.
19 4 Due allowance is estimated and made for defective and obsolete items, wherever necessary, based on the past experience of the company. Obsolete, slow moving, surplus and defective stocks are identified at the time of physical verification of stocks and where necessary, provision is made for such stocks.
1.10. Revenue Recognition
1.10.1. Revenue is measured based on the transaction price as specified in the contract with the customer. Sale of goods are recognised when control of goods has transferred based on agreed terms. It excludes taxes or other amounts collected from customers in its capacity as an agent.
The Company derives revenues primarily from sale of products and services. Revenue from sale of goods is recognised net of returns, product expiry claims and discounts at the amount of transaction price.
Revenue is recognised on satisfaction of performance obligations upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services.
To recognise revenues, the Company applies the following five step approach:
1) Identify the contract with a customer;
2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract;
3) Determine the transaction price;
4) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
5) recognise revenues when a performance obligation is satisfied.
Performance obligation may be satisfied over time or at a point in time. Performance obligations satisfied over time if any one of the following criteria is met. In such cases, revenue is recognised over time.
1) The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company's performance; or
2) The Company's performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced; or
3) The Company's performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
For performance obligations where one of the above conditions are not met, revenue is recognised at the point in time at which the performance obligation is satisfied.
Revenue from sale of goods includes Goods and Service Tax and is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable (after including fair value allocations related to multiple deliverable and/or linked arrangements), after the deduction of any trade discounts, volume rebates, net of returns, taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company collects Goods and Services Tax on behalf of the Government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.
The Company derives its revenue also from the sale of goods from exports made under CIF terms.
Revenue from Export Sales is recognised based on the satisfaction of performance obligations and transfer of control which generally happens when the goods are shipped at the port of dispatch, in line with Ind AS 115. While the Company arranges freight and insurance as per CIF terms, the transfer of control occurs at the point of shipment, and revenue is recorded accordingly. Freight and insurance costs incurred by the Company are presented separately as a freight outward unless specifically charged to customers.
1.10.2. Claims are recognised on settlement. Export incentives are accounted where there is reasonable assurance that the incentive income will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with.
1.10.3. Interest income is recognised using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method.
1.10.4. Dividend is recognised when right to receive the income is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.
1.11. Employee benefits
1.11.1. Short term employment benefits
Short term employee benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc., and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised as an expense at an undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year in which the related services are rendered.
1.11.2. Defined Contribution Plans ^ Superannuation :
The Company has Defined Contribution Plan for Post employment benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund for certain class of employees as per the scheme, administered through Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) and Trust which is administered by the Trustees and is charged to revenue every year. Company has no further obligation beyond its contributions.
^ Employee's Family Pension :
The Company has Defined Contribution Plan for Post-employment benefits in the form of family pension for all eligible employees, which is administered by the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner and is charged to revenue every year. Company has no further obligation beyond its monthly contributions.
^ Provident Fund:
The Company has Defined Contribution Plan for Post-employment benefits in the form of Provident Fund for all eligible employees; which is administered by the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner and is charged to revenue every year. Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions.
1.11.3. Defined Benefit Plans
^ Gratuity :
The Company has a Defined Benefit Plan for Post-employment benefit in the form of gratuity for all eligible employees which is administered through Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) and a trust which is administered by the trustees. Liability for above defined benefit plan is provided on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary. The actuarial method used for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.
^ Compensated Absences :
Liability for Compensated Absences is provided on the basis of valuation, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary. The Actuarial valuation method used for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method. Under this method, the Defined Benefit Obligation is calculated taking into account pattern of availment of leave whilst in service and qualifying salary on the date of availment of leave. In respect of encashment of leave, the Defined Benefit obligation is calculated taking into account all types of the increment, salary growth, attrition rate and qualifying salary projected up to the assumed date of encashment.
1.11.4. Termination Benefits:
Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.
1.11.5. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on Government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.
1.11.6. The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
1.11.7. Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur directly in Other Comprehensive Income. They are included in retained earnings in the Statement of changes in equity and in the Balance Sheet.
1.11.8. Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.
1.12. Foreign Currency Transactions
1.12.1. Monetary Items
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at their respective exchange rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date.
1.12.2. Non - Monetary items:
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.
1.13. Investment in Subsidiaries
Investments in subsidiary company carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiary company, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
1.14. Government Grants
1.14.1. Government grants are recognised at fair value where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with.
1.14.2. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed.
1.14.3. Government grants relating to Property, Plant and Equipment are presented by deducting the grant from the carrying amount of the asset.
1.15. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Asset
1.15.1. Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
1.15.2. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
1.15.3. Contingent liabilities are possible obligations whose existence will only be confirmed by future events not wholly within the control of the Company, or present obligations where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required or the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability.
1.15.4. Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the standalone financial statements but are disclosed unless the possibility of an outflow of economic resources is considered remote.
1.15.5. Contingent liabilities disclosed are in respect of items which in each case are above the threshold limit.
1.15.6. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.
1.15.7 Provisions, contingent liabilities, and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
1.16. Fair Value measurement
1.16.1. The Company measures certain financial instruments at fair value at each reporting date.
1.16.2. Certain accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non- financial assets and liabilities.
1.16.3. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or, in its absence, the most advantageous market to which the Company has access at that date. The fair value of a liability also reflects its non-performance risk.
1.16.4. The best estimate of the fair value of a financial instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price - i.e. the fair value of the consideration given or received. If the Company determines that the fair value on initial recognition differs from the transaction price and the fair value is evidenced neither by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability nor based on a valuation technique that uses only data from observable markets, then the financial instrument is initially measured at fair value, adjusted to defer the difference between the fair value on initial recognition and the transaction price. Subsequently that difference is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss on an appropriate basis over the life of the instrument but no later than when the valuation is wholly supported by observable market data or the transaction is closed out.
1.16.5. While measuring the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation technique as follows:
^ Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
^ Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)
^ Level 3: inputs for the assets or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)
1.16.6. When quoted price in active market for an instrument is available, the Company measures the fair value of the instrument using that price. A market is regarded as active if transactions for the asset or liability take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
1.16.7. If there is no quoted price in an active market, then the Company uses a valuation techniques that maximise the use of
relevant observable inputs and minimise the use of unobservable inputs. The chosen valuation technique incorporates all of
the factors that market participants would take into account in pricing a transaction.
1.16.8. The Company regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If the third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the Company assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.
1.17. Financial Assets
1.17.1. Initial recognition and measurement
Trade Receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets other than those measured subsequently at fair value through profit and loss, are recognised initially at fair value plus transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
1.17.2. Subsequent measurement
Subsequent measurement is determined with reference to the classification of the respective financial assets. Based on the business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset, the Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit and loss.
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A ’debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
The asset is held within a business model whose objective is :
- To hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
- Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Debt instruments at Fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)
A ’debt instrument’ is measured at the fair value through Other Comprehensive Income if both the following conditions are met:
The asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both
- collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and
- contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are SPPI on the principal amount outstanding.
After initial measurement, these assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income under effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Other net gains and losses are recognised in other comprehensive Income.
Debt instruments at Fair value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
Fair Value through Profit or Loss is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorisation at amortised cost or as FVOCI, is classified as FVTPL.
After initial measurement, any fair value changes including any interest income, foreign exchange gain and losses, impairment losses and other net gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Equity investments
All equity investments within the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Such equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as FVTPL. For all other such equity instruments, the Company decides to classify the same either as FVOCI or FVTPL. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
For equity instruments classified as FVOCI, all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). Dividends on such equity instruments are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
1.17.3. De-recognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company’s Balance Sheet) when :
^ The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
^ The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ’pass-through’ arrangement; and either:
- The Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or - The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
On de-recognition, any gains or losses on all debt instruments (other than debt instruments measured at FVOCI) and equity instruments (measured at FVTPL) are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Gains and losses in respect of debt instruments measured at FVOCI and that are accumulated in OCI are reclassified to profit or loss on de-recognition. Gains or losses on equity instruments measured at FVOCI that are recognised and accumulated in OCI are not reclassified to profit or loss on de-recognition.
1.17.4. Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies Expected Credit Loss ("ECL") model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets measured at amortised cost and debt instruments measured at FVOCI.
Loss allowances on trade receivables are measured following the 'simplified approach' at an amount equal to the lifetime ECL at each reporting date. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Based on the past history and track records the company has assessed the risk of default by the customer and expects the credit loss to be insignificant. In respect of other financial assets such as debt securities and bank balances, the loss allowance is measured at 12 month ECL only if there is no significant deterioration in the credit risk since initial recognition of the asset or asset is determined to have a low credit risk at the reporting date.
1.18. Financial Liabilities
1.18.1. Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.
1.18.2. Subsequent measurement
Subsequent measurement is determined with reference to the classification of the respective financial liabilities.
Financial Liabilities at Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)
A financial liability is classified as at Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL) if it is classified as held-for-trading or is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and changes therein, including any interest expense, are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial Liabilities at amortised cost
After initial recognition, financial liabilities other than those which are classified as FVTPL are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate ("EIR") method.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The amortisation done using the EIR method is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
1.19. Financial guarantees
Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of the debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the fair value initially recognised less cumulative amortisation.
1.20. Embedded derivatives
If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 are applied to the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts, including financial liabilities are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value through profit and loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, unless designated as effective hedging instruments. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows.
1.21. Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet, if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
1.22. Taxes on Income
1.22.1. Current Tax
Income-tax Assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, by the end of reporting period.
Current Tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in the Statement of Profit and Loss, other comprehensive income or directly in equity.
1.22.2. Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the Balance Sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred Tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in the Statement of Profit and Loss, other comprehensive income or directly in equity.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
1.23. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends, if any, and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effect of all dilutive potential equity shares.
1.24. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet include cash at bank, cash, cheque, draft on hand and demand deposits with an original maturity of less than three months, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of Statement of Cash Flows, Cash and cash equivalents include cash at bank, cash, cheque and draft on hand. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash to be cash equivalents.
1.25. Cash Flows
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, where by net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a noncash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities are segregated.
1.26 Prior Period items and Extraordinary items
Prior period items and extraordinary items are separately classified, identified and dealt with as required under Ind AS 8 on ’ Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors’ as notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards)
Rules, 2015
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