A. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1. Corporate Information :
Gilada Finance & Investments Limited is a public Company incorporated in India
under the provisions of the erstwhile Companies Act, 1956 on 26/07/1994. Its shares
are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange. The Company is Non-Banking Financial
Company which is registered with Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The Company engaged
in the business of lending and primarily deals in vehicle financing, small business
loans and mortgage loans.
Company is registered as Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) and is adhering
the regulatory and disclosure standards as applicable to NBFC-BL (Earlier NBFC-ND-
NSIs). The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting
Standards (Ind AS).
2. Accounting Policies :
1. Basis of preparation^
These financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the
Indian Accounting Standards as per the Companies Rules 2015 as amended and notified
under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act), in conformity with the
accounting principles generally accepted in India and other relevant provisions of the
Act. Any application guidance / clarifications / directions issued by RBI or other
regulators are implemented as and when they are issued / applicable.
2. Basis of Measurement :
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis.
3. Use of Estimates^
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of
contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the period reported. Actual results could differ from those
estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized in accordance with the
requirements of the respective accounting standard.
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation of
uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial
year, are described below. The Company based on its assumptions and estimates & on
parameters available when the financial statements were issued, existing circumstances
and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to
circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are
reflected in the assumptions when they occur. Areas that involved a higher degree of
estimate and judgment or complexity in determining the carrying amount of some assets
and liabilities are mentioned below.
a. Effective Interest Rate Method (EIR) :
The Company recognizes interest income / expense using a rate of return that
represents the best estimate of a constant rate of return over the expected life of the
loans given / taken. This estimation, by nature, requires an element of judgment
regarding the expected behavior and life cycle of the instruments, as well as expected
changes to other fee income / expense that are integral parts of the instrument.
b. Impairment of Financial Assets :
The measurement of impairment losses on loan assets and commitments, requires
judgment, in estimating the amount and timing of future cash flows and recoverability
of collateral values while determining the impairment losses and assessing a
significant increase in credit risk.
The Company’s Expected Credit Loss (ECL) calculation is the output of a complex
model with a number of underlying assumptions regarding the choice of variable
inputs and their interdependencies. Elements of the ECL model that are considered
accounting judgments and estimates include :
• The Company’s criteria for assessing if there has been a significant increase in credit
risk.
• The segmentation of financial assets when their ECL is assessed on a collective basis.
• Development of ECL model, including the various formula and the choice of inputs.
• It is company’s policy to regularly review its model in the context of actual loss
experience and adjust when necessary.
The reliable measure of estimates and judgments pertaining to litigations and the
regulatory proceedings in the ordinary course of the Company’s business are
disclosed as contingent liabilities.
Estimates and judgments are constantly evaluated and are based on historical
experience and other factors, including expectations of future events, that may have
a financial impact on the Company and that are believed to be reasonable under the
circumstances.
4. Revenue Recognition :
a. Interest Income on Loans j.
Interest income is recognized in Statement of profit and loss using the effective interest
method for all financial instruments measured at amortised cost. The ‘effective interest
rate’ is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts
through the expected life of the financial instrument.
The calculation of the effective interest rate includes transaction costs and fees that
are an integral part of the contract. Transaction costs include incremental costs that
are directly attributable to the acquisition of financial asset.
The Company calculates interest income by applying the EIR to the gross carrying
amount of financial assets other than credit-impaired assets. When a financial asset
becomes credit-impaired, the Company calculates interest income by applying the
effective interest rate to the net amortised cost of the financial asset, If the financial
asset cures and is no longer credit-impaired, the Company reverts to calculating
interest income on a gross basis.
b. Fee and Commission Income^
Fee based income are recognized when they become measurable and when it is
probable to expect their ultimate collection. Commission and brokerage income earned
for the services rendered are recognized as and when they are due.
c. Interest Income on Investments^
Interest income from investments is recognized when it is certain that the economic
benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of Income can be measured reliably.
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding
and at the effective interest rate applicable.
d) Investments :
(a) The Company changed its accounting policy in respect of Investment in property
during financial year 2011-12. Investment in Capital Asset (i.e Land at Kalburagi in
Karnataka) revalued and held as stock in trade effective 31st March, 2012, on the basis
of valuation report given by approved valuer. This change in accounting policy resulted
into creation of revaluation reserve to the extent of Rs.381/58 lakhs in FY 2011-12,
which is carried forward.
Land at Kalburagi is again revalued on 25/03/2024 for Rs.3,85,00,000/- by registered
valuer.
(b) Long term unquoted investments in shares are stated at cost & provision for
diminution in the value of Long Term Investments is made only if, such decline is other
than temporary, in the opinion of the management.
(c) Investment in Land & Building at Vijayapura in Karnataka, acquired against partial
settlement of dues from commission agent at Vijayapura is treated as long term
investment and stated at cost.
The valuation of Investment in property at Vijaypura is carried out by registered valuer
for Rs. 13,37,000/-.
5. Property, Plant & Equipment :
Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost of acquisition including incidental
expenses, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any, All
costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the working condition for its intended
use including financing costs are also capitalized.
Depreciation is provided on WDV method on the basis of useful life given under Schedule
II to the Companies Act, 2013 are as under :
a. Office Equipments : 5
b. Computer Hardware : 3
c. Furniture & Fixtures : 10
d. Vehicles : 10
e. Computer Software : 3
Property, Plant & Equipment is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic
benefits are expected from its use. Any gain or loss arising on de recognition of the asset
is recognized in other income / netted off from any loss on disposal in the Statement of
profit and loss in the year the asset is derecognized.
6. Intangible Assets^
Intangible Assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment loss, if any. Intangible assets comprises of computer software which is
amortized over the estimated useful life. The amortization period is lower of license period
or 5 years which is based on management’s estimates of useful life. Amortisation is
calculated using the straight line method to write down the cost of intangible assets over
their estimated useful lives.
7. Financial Instruments :
a. Recognition and Initial measurement
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes
a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets and
financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are
directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial
liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities of FVTPL) are added to
or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as
appropriate, on initial recognition, Transaction costs directly attributable to the
acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognized
immediately in Statement of profit and loss.
b. Classification and Subsequent measurement of financial assetsj.
On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at
- Amortised cost
- FVOCI - debt instruments
- FVOCI - equity instruments
- FVTPL
Amortised Cost :
The Company’s business model is not assessed on an instrument by instrument basis,
but at a higher level of aggregated portfolios being the level at which they are managed.
The financial asset is held with the objective to hold financial asset in order to collect
contractual cash flows as per the contractual terms that give rise on specified dates to
cash flows that are solely payment of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount
outstanding. Accordingly, the Company measures Bank balances, Loans, Trade
receivables and other financial instruments at amortised cost.
FVOCI - debt Instruments :
The Company measures its debt instruments at FVOCI when the instrument is held
within a business model, the objective of which is achieved by both collecting contractual
cash flows and selling financial assets; and the contractual terms of the financial asset
meet the SPPI test.
FVOCI - equity Instruments :
The Company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value through profit
or loss, unless the Company’s management has elected to classify irrevocably some of its
equity instruments at FVOCI, when such instruments meet the definition of Equity under
Ind AS 32 Financial Instruments and are not held for trading. Financial assets are not
reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period of the
Company changes its business model for managing financial assets. All financial assets
not classified as measured at amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at FVTPL. This
includes all derivative financial assets.
Subsequent measurement of financial assets :
Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured at amortised cost using
effective interest method. The amortised cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest
Income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in statement
of profit and loss. Any gain and loss on de-recognition is recognized in Statement of profit
and loss.
Debt investments at FVOCI are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income
under effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are
recognized in Statement of profit and loss. Other net gains and losses are recognized in
OCI. On depreciation, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to Statement
of profit and loss.
For equity investments, the Company makes an election on an instrument-by-instrument
basis to designate equity investments as measured at FVOCI. These elected investments
are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value
recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the reserves. The
cumulative gain or loss is not reclassified to statement of profit and loss on disposal of
the investments. These investments in equity are not held for trading. Instead, they are
held for strategic purpose. Dividend income received on such equity investments are
recognized in Statement of profit and loss.
Equity investments that are not designed as measured at FVOCI are designated as
measured at FVTPL and subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in Statement of
profit and loss.
Financial assets at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses,
including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in Statement of profit and loss.
c. Financial liabilities and equity instruments :
Classification as debt or equityj.
Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial
liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements
and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Equity Instruments^
An equity instrument is any contract that evidence a residual interest in the assets of an
entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by Company are
recognized at the proceeds received. Transaction costs of an equity transaction are
recognized as a deduction from equity.
Financial Liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial
liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held for trading or it is a derivative or
it is designated as such on initial recognition. Other financial liabilities are subsequently
measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and
foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in Statement of profit and loss. Any gain
or loss on de-recognition is also recognized in Statement of profit and loss.
d. De-recognitionj.
Financial Assets
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows
from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash
flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of
the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains
substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the
financial asset.
If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized on its
balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the
transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.
Financial Liabilities :
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation in respect of the liability is
discharged, cancelled or expires. The difference between the carrying value of the financial
liability and the consideration paid is recognized in Statement of profit and loss.
e. Impairment of Financial Instruments :
Equity instruments are not subject to impairment under Ind AS 109, on financial
instruments.
The Company recognizes lifetime expected credit losses (ECL) when there has been a
significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition and when the financial
instrument is credit impaired. If the credit risk on the financial instrument has not
increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance
for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12 month ECL. The assessment of
whether lifetime ECL should be recognized is based on significant increases in the
likelihood or risk of a default occurring since initial recognition. 12 month ECL represents
the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events on a financial
instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
When determining whether credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since
initial recognition and when estimating expected credit losses, the Company considers
reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost
or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis,
including on historical experience and forward looking information.
The Company recognizes lifetime ECL for trade and other receivables. The expected credit
losses on these financial assets are estimated using a provision matrix based on the
Company’s historical credit loss expenses, adjusted for factors that are specific to the
debtors, general economic conditions and an assessment of both the current as well as
the forecast direction of conditions at the reporting date, including time value of money
where appropriate. Lifetime ECL represents the expected credit losses that will result from
all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.
Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from the
gross carrying amount of the assets. For debt securities at FVOCI, the loss allowance is
recognized in OCI and carrying amount of the financial asset is not reduced in the Balance
Sheet.
8. Finance Costsj
Finance Costs include interest expense computed by applying the effective interest rate
on respective financial instruments measured at amortised cost. Financial instruments
include bank term loans, non-convertible debentures, fixed deposits mobilized,
commercial papers, subordinated debts and exchange differences arising from foreign
currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest
cost. Finance costs are charged to the Statement of profit and loss.
9. Cash & Cash Equivalents^
Cash and Bank balances include Cash in hand, Bank Balances, Bank Deposits and
Corporate deposits, if any.
10. Cash Flow Statement j.
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted
for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or
future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated
with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and
financing activities of the Company are segregated.
11. Taxes on Income _:
Tax expenses comprise current tax, deferred taxes and prior period taxes.
Current income tax at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with Income Tax Act.
Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of the current year timing differences between
taxable income and accounting income for the year. Deferred tax is measured based on
current tax rates.
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