2 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
a Basis of Preparation
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India
('Indian GAAP') to comply with the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, as applicable.
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis, except for certain financial
instruments which are measured at fair value.
b Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires the management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to the contingent liabilities as at the date of the
financial statements and reported amounts of income and expense during the year. Examples of such estimates include
provisions for doubtful receivables, provision for income taxes, the useful lives of depreciable Property, Plant and Equipment
and provision for impairment. Future results could differ due to changes in these estimates and the difference between the
actual result and the estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known / materialise.
c Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation / amortisation. Costs include all expenses
incurred to bring the asset to its present location and condition.
d Depreciation and amortization
In respect of. Property, Plant and Equipment (other than freehold land and capital work-in-progress) acquired during the year,
depreciation/amortisation is charged on a straight line basis so as to write-off the cost of the assets over the useful lives.
e Impairment of assets ,
At each balance sheet date, the management reviews the carrying amounts of its assets included in each cash generating unit to
determine whether there is any indication that those assets were impaired. If any such indication exists, the recoverable
amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of impairment. Recoverable amount is the higher of an
asset's net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows expected from the continuing
use of the asset and from its disposal are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current
market assessments of time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Reversal of impairment loss is recognised as
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f Investment
Long-term investments and current maturities of long-term investments are stated at cost, less provision for other than
temporary diminution in value. Current investments, except for current maturities of long-term investments, comprising
investments in mutual funds, government securities and bonds are stated at the lower of cost and fair value.
g Inventories ___
Raw materials are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on a weighted average
Purchased goods-in-transit are carried at cost. Work-in-progress is carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
and spare parts are carried at lower of cost and net realisable value. Finished goods produced or purchased by the CompanyW
carried at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct material and labour cost and a proparticfiy of
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h Cash and cash equivalents
The CpmpapY considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amount of cash that are
subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of
purchase, to be cash equivalents.
i Revenue recognition
Revenue from the sale of goods are recognised upon delivery, which is when title passes to the customer. Revenue is reported
net of discounts. . . .
Dividend is recorded when the right to receive payment is established. Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis
taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
j Employee Benefits
Post-employment benefit plans
Contributions to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are recognised as expense when employees have rendered
services entitling them to such benefits.
For defined benefit schemes, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial
valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the statement of
profit and loss for the period in which they occur. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are
already vested, or amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested.
The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation
as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost, and as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this
calculation is limited to the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the scheme.
Other employee benefits
The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by
employees is recognised during the period when the employee renders the service. These benefits include compensated
absences such as paid annual leave, overseas social security contributions and performance incentives.
Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the
employee renders the related services are recognised as an actuarially determined liability at the present value of the defined
benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.
k Foreign currency transactions
Income and expense in foreign currencies are converted at exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign
currency monetary assets and liabilities other than net investments in non-integral foreign operations are translated at the
exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date and exchange gains and losses are recognised in the statement of profit and
loss. Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise's net investments in a non¬
integral foreign operation are accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve.
I Taxation
Current income tax expense comprises taxes on income from operations in India and in foreign jurisdictions. Income taxpayable
in India is determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act; 1961. Tax expense relating to foreign operations
is determined in accordance with tax laws applicable in countries where such operations are domiciled.
Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which gives rise to future economic benefits in
the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company
will pay normal income tax after the tax holiday period. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the balance sheet when
the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with it will fructify.
Deferred tax expense or benefit is recognised on timing differences being the difference between taxable income and
accounting income that originate in one period and is likely to reverse in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets
and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance
Advancetexes and provisions for current income taxes are presented in the balance sheet after off-setting advance tax paid and
income tax provision arising in'the same tax jurisdiction for relevant tax paying units and where the Company is able to and
intends to settle the asset and liability on a net basis. ,. . ,
The Company offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities if it has a legally enforceable right and these relate to taxes #
on income levied by the same governing taxation laws.
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