NOTE 1: BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY AND MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES:1 Background of the Company

Kokuyo Camlin Limited (the “Company”) was incorporated in India in 1946 as “Camlin Private Limited” under the Indian Companies Act, 1913. Subsequently, the Company was converted into a Public Limited Company in 1988 as Camlin Limited and was listed on BSE Ltd (BSE) and listed on National Stock Exchange of India Ltd (NSE) in the year 2008. In the year 2011, Kokuyo S&T Co. Ltd, (now Kokuyo Company Limited) a Japanese corporation engaged in the business of stationery, acquired a majority stake in the Company and presently holds 74.44% shares in the Company. The registered office of the Company is located at 48/2, Hilton House, Central Road, MIDC, Andheri (East), Mumbai, India.

Kokuyo Camlin Limited manufactures, sells and trades in scholastic products, writing instruments, notebooks, marker pens, inks, fine-art colours and accessories, hobby colours, pencils and other stationery products.

2 Material accounting policies(a) Statement of compliance

These financial statements (hereinafter referred to as “financial statements”) are prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS’’) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act’’), amendments thereto and other relevant provisions of the Act and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (“SEBI’’), as applicable.

The financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2025 have been reviewed by the Audit Committee and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company at their meetings held on 28 May 2025.

(b) Basis of preparation and measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities:

(i) Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

(ii) Assets held for sale - measured at the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less costs on disposal of assets and its value in use.

(iii) Employee’s defined benefit plan as per actuarial valuation.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In determining the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Material accounting policy information

The Company adopted Disclosure of Accounting policies (Amendments to Ind AS 1) from 1 April 2023. Although the amendments did not result in any changes in the accounting policies themselves, they impacted the accounting policy information disclosed in the financial statements.

The amendments require the disclosure of ‘material’ rather than ‘significant’ accounting polices. The amendments also provide guidance on the application of materiality to disclosure of accounting polices, assisting entities to provide useful, entity- specific accounting policy information that users need to understand other information in the financial statements.

Functional and presentation currency

These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is also the Company’s functional currency. All amounts are mentioned in lakhs and rounded off to 2 decimals unless, otherwise stated.

(c) Fair value measurement

The Company measures certain financial instruments, such as derivatives and equity investments, at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

A. In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

B. I n the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data is available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as under, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

A. Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

B. Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

C. Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-

assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair value is included in the following notes.

• Note 4D - Investment property

• Note 36 - Financial instruments

(d) Revenue recognitionRevenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue represents amounts received and receivable from third parties for goods supplied to the customers and for services rendered. Revenue is recognised when control of the goods has been transferred to the customer, which happens on dispatch/delivery of the goods.

Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration which the Company expects to receive, net of returns and allowances, trade/cash discounts and volume rebates. Revenue excludes taxes collected from customers on behalf of the government.

Accumulated experience is used to estimate and accrue for the discounts (using the most likely method) and returns considering the terms of the underlying schemes and agreements with the customers. No element of financing is deemed present as the sales are made with normal credit days consistent with market practice. A liability is recognised where payments are received from customers before transferring control of the goods being sold.

Other Operating revenue

Revenue from sale of scrap is recognised when performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when control of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to the customer and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of the consideration that will be derived from the sale of the goods and

regarding its collection. The amount recognised as revenue is exclusive of goods and service tax (GST).

GST benefits available under prevalent schemes are accrued in the year in which the transactions have occurred and there is no uncertainty in receiving the same.

In case of export benefits, income is recognised on the accrual basis.

(e) Property, plant and equipment (PPE)

(i) Recognition and measurement

Freehold land is carried at historical cost less impairment losses, if any. All other items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.

The cost of an item of PPE is recognised as an asset if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

The initial cost of PPE comprises its purchase price, net of any trade discounts and rebates, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to working condition and location for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs and any expected costs of decommissioning.

Subsequent costs incurred are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance cost are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which they were incurred.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components ) of PPE.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of PPE is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Company had opted for deemed cost exemption under Ind AS 101 on transition of Ind AS.

(ii) Expenditure during construction period:

Expenditure/ Income during construction period (including financing cost related to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying PPE) is included under Capital Work-in-Progress (CWIP), and the same is allocated to the respective PPE on the completion of their construction. Advances given towards acquisition or construction of PPE outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed as Capital Advances under “Other Non-Current Assets”.

(iii) Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of PPE less their estimated residual values, if any, over their estimated useful lives using the straight line method in the manner and at the rates prescribed by Part ‘C’ of Schedule II of the Act, except as stated below. Depreciation is charged on a monthly prorata basis for assets purchased or sold during the year.

In case of Plant and machinery, the Company uses different useful lives than those prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. The useful lives have been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the PPE and the estimated usage of the asset on the basis of management’s best estimation of obtaining economic benefits from those classes of assets. The estimated useful lives, residual values and the depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

(f) Intangible assets

I ntangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax/ duty credits availed wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use. The Company determines the amortisation period as the period over which the future economic benefits will flow to the Company after taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed periodically, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an item of intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such item of intangible asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

The Company had opted for deemed cost exemption under Ind AS 101 on transition of Ind AS.

The useful lives of intangible assets are as mentioned below:

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment loss.

(g) Impairment of non financial assets

The Company’s non financial assets are tested for impairment at each reporting date to determine whether there are events or changes in circumstances which indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Management periodically assesses using, external and internal sources, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired.

The recoverable amount is higher of the asset’s/ cash-generating unit’s net selling price or value in use, i.e. the present value of future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of the asset and its eventual disposal. An impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss if the carrying amount of an asset/cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. An impairment loss for an asset is reversed if, and only if, the reversal can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment loss was

recognised. The carrying amount of an asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

(h) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).

(i) Borrowing cost

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

(j) Leases

On inception of a contract, the Company (as a lessee) assesses whether it contains a lease. A contract is, or contains a lease when it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset

(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

As a lessee

As a lessee, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The ROU is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

Certain lease arrangements include the option to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. The ROU and lease liabilities include these options when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.

The ROU is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the ROU or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful life of ROU are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. In addition, the ROU is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the fixed payments, including in substance fixed payments. The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Lease liability have been presented under other financial liabilities and ROU have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments are presented in Company’s statement of cash flows as follows:

(i) short-term lease payments, payments for leases of low-value assets and variable lease payments that are not included in the measurement of the lease liabilities are presented within cash flows from operating activities;

(ii) payments for the interest element of

recognised lease liabilities are included in ‘interest paid’ within cash flows from financing activities; and

(iii) payments for the principal element of

recognised lease liabilities are presented within cash flows from financing activities.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company has used number of practical

expedients when applying Ind AS 116 :- Shortterm leases, leases of low-value assets and single discount rate. The Company has elected not to recognise ROU and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with

these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(k) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, or for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purpose. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

(l) Income-tax

Income tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. It is recognised in the statement of profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. The Company has determined that interest and penalties related to income taxes, including uncertain tax treatments, do not meet the definition of income taxes, and therefore accounted for them under Ind AS 37 “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets”.

(i) Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits.

Deferred tax is not recognised for:

• temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that:

- is not a business combination; and

- at the time of the transaction

(i) affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss and

(ii) does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences

• temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. If the amount of taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognise a deferred tax asset in full, then future taxable profits, adjusted for reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business plans of the Company. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be

realised; such reductions are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. For this purpose, the carrying amount of investment property is presumed to be recovered through sale.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.

The Company previously accounted for deferred tax on leases by applying the “integrally linked” approach. resulting in a similar outcome as under the amendments, except that the deferred tax asset or liability was recognized on a net basis. Following the amendments, the Company has recognized a separate deferred tax asset in relation to its lease liabilities and a deferred tax liability in relation to its right of use assets as at 1st April 2022 and thereafter.

(m) Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

(n) Inventories

Valued at lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV). Net realisable value for inventories is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

• Raw materials, Packing Materials and Stores and spares :

These items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis which includes expenditure incurred for acquiring inventories like purchase price, import duties, taxes (net of credit) and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Raw materials and other supplies held for use in the production of finished products are not written down below cost except in cases when a decline in the price of materials indicates that the cost of the finished products shall exceed the net realisable value.

• Work-in- progress (WIP), finished goods and stock-in-trade :

Cost of Finished goods and WIP inventories includes cost of raw materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost of stock-intrade includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost of inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

The net realisable value of work-in-progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials, components and other supplies held for use in the production of finished products are not written down below cost

except in cases when a decline in the price of materials indicates that the cost of the finished products shall exceed the net realisable value.

The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

(o) Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

(i) Initial Recognition:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value except trade receivable, which are initially recognised at transaction price. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and ancillary costs related to borrowings) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(ii) Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial Assets

The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”) or fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) on the basis of following:

• the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and

• the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Amortised Cost:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

• the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to h old financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and

• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Fair Value through OCI:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through OCI if both of the following conditions are met:

• the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and

• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investments that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment’s fair value in OCI. This election is made on an investment by investment basis.

Fair Value through Profit or Loss:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through OCI.

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

(iii) Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held for trading or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gain and losses are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

(iv) Other Income

Interest income from financial assets is recognised when it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial assets to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Dividend is recognised as revenue when the right to receive dividend has been established.

(v) Impairment of financial assets:

Financial assets, other than those at FVTPL, are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period. The Company recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial asset. In case of trade receivables, the Company follows the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss allowance.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk.

(vi) Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities:Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the right to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial assets.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial Liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when the contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises financial liabilities when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

(vii) Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and

there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

(p) Employee benefits

(i) Short term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are measured on an undiscounted basis and expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

(ii) Compensated absences

The liabilities for earned leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured by a qualified Actuary at the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Re-measurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a postemployment benefit plan where the Company’s legal or constructive obligation is limited to the amount that it contributes to a separate legal entity.

The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Government administered provident fund scheme.

Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plan are expensed as an employee benefits expense in the statement of profit and loss in period in which the related service is provided by the employee. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available.

(iv) Defined benefit plans

The Company’s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligations is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the Company, the recognised asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. To calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any applicable minimum funding requirements.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in OCI. The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds. This rate is applied on the net defined benefit liability (asset), both as determined

at the start of the annual reporting period, taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in the statement of profit or loss. The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

(v) Other long-term employee benefits

The Company’s net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. That benefit is discounted to determine its present value. Re-measurement are recognised in the statement of profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

(q) Provisions and contingent liabilities

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured at the present value, wherever the Company can estimate the time of settlement, of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The increase in the provisions due to passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by

the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

Where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

(r) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the events for bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue to existing shareholders, share split and reverse share split (consolidation of shares).

Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income (net of any attributable taxes) relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(s) Government grants

The Company is entitled to ‘Scheme of budgetary support’ under Goods and Service Tax Regime in respect of eligible manufacturing units located in specified regions. Such grants are measured at amount receivable from the government and are recognised as other operating revenue when there is a reasonable assurance that they will be received and the Company will comply with all necessary conditions attached to the grant.

Income from such grants is recognised on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate in the statement of profit and loss.

(t) Research and Development

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment loss.

(u) Operating Segments

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM). The Chief Executive Officer / Managing Director along with Senior Corporate Officers Committee is the CODM of the Company. Chief operating decision maker’s function is to allocate the resources of the entity and assess the performance of the operating segment of the Company.

(v) Non current assets held for sale

Non current assets are classified as assets held for sale if their carrying will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset and its sale is highly probable. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

Non current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

(w) Recent pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31, 2025, MCA has notified Ind AS 117 - Insurance Contracts and amendments to Ind AS 116 - Leases, relating to sale and leaseback transactions, applicable to company w.e.f. April 1, 2024. The Company has reviewed the new pronouncements and based on its evaluation has determined that it does not have significant impact in its financial statements.

3 Use of estimates and judgements

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

(A) Estimates:

(i) Recognition of schemes and rebates

Accruals for discounts/incentives are estimated (using the most likely method) based on accumulated experience and underlying schemes and agreements with customers.

(ii) Recognition and measurement of provisions for inventories

The Company does write down of inventory to its net realisable value based on certain specific percentages assigned to the inventory ageing. Due to the significant number of stock keeping units (SKUs) in the various categories of inventories, significant judgment is required by the Company in determining the net realisable value.

(iii) Recognition and measurement of provisions for loss allowances

The Company has large number of individual small customers. Management assesses the level of allowance for doubtful debts after taking into account of ageing analysis and any other factor specific to individual counterparty and a collective estimate based on historical experience adjusted for certain current factors.

(iv) Useful Lives of Property, Plant & Equipment and Intangible Assets:

The Company uses its technical expertise along with historical and industry trends for determining the economic life of an asset/component of an asset. The useful lives are reviewed by management periodically and revised, if appropriate. In case of a revision, the unamortised depreciable amount is charged over the remaining useful life of the assets.

(v) Recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities:

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses for which there is probability of utilisation against the future taxable profit. The Company uses judgement to determine the amount of deferred tax liability/ asset that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits and business developments.

(vi) Recognition and measurement of long-term financial assets/ liabilities:

All financial assets / liabilities are required to be measured at fair value on initial recognition. In case

of financial liabilities /assets which are required to subsequently be measured at amortized cost, interest is accrued using the effective interest method.

(vii) Fair value measurement of financial instruments:

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measu red using valuation techniques by evaluating fair market value of underlying assets of the entity. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility.

(viii) Defined benefit plans:

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan, and other post-employment medical benefits and the present value of the gratuity and provident fund obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its longterm nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

(ix) Litigation and contingencies:

The Company has ongoing litigations with various regulatory authorities. Where an outflow of funds is believed to be probable and a reliable estimate of the outcome of the dispute can be made based on management’s assessment of specific circumstances of each dispute and relevant external advice, management provides for its best estimate of the liability. Such accruals are by nature complex and can take number of years to resolve and can involve estimation uncertainty. Information about such litigations is provided in notes to the financial statements.

(B) Judgement:Classification of Lease Ind AS 116:

Ind AS 116 Leases requires a lessee to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on lease by lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of lease and the importance of the underlying lease to the Company’s operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of the suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances. The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.