COMPANY OVERVIEW AND MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES1) COMPANY OVERVIEW
Mirza International Limited (‘The Company’) is a public limited company incorporated in India and listed on
Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange and having its registered office located at 14/6, Civil Lines, Kanpur-208001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
The Board of Directors of the Company proposed a Scheme of Amalgamation of T N S Hotels and Resorts Pvt Ltd with and into Mirza International Ltd. The requisite Company Petition [being CP (CAA) 20/ALD of 2023; connected with CA (CAA) 21/ALD of 2023] has been filed with the Hon’ble National Company Law Tribunal, Allahabad Bench, Prayagraj for approval of the aforesaid Scheme of Amalgamation jointly by both the Companies. The Petition is pending with the Hon’ble NCLT.
I t may be noted that the Transferor Company-T N S Hotels and Resorts Pvt Ltd is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Transferee Company-Mirza International Ltd. Hence, no new share will be issued pursuant to the Scheme of Amalgamation. Hence, there will not be any change in the issued share capital of Mirza International Ltd pursuant to the proposed amalgamation.
2) STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE
These standalone financial statements have been prepared & comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended & other relevant provisions of the Act.
3) BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
These standalone financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below. The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rule 2015 and relevant amendments rules issued thereafter.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an ordinarily transactions between market participants at the measurement date.
Fair value measurement under Ind AS are categorized as below based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety:
Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company can access at measurement date.
Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included in level 1, that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly and
Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the valuation of assets/liabilities.
4) USE OF ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENT
The preparation of the financial statements requires the Management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgment or complexity
and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgments is included in the relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.
5) PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
1. Freehold Land is carried at historical cost. All other items of Property, Plant and Equipment of the Company are valued at cost of acquisition or construction net of recoverable taxes, trade discounts and rebates less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes purchase price, borrowing cost of Capitalization allocated / apportioned direct and indirect expenses incurred in relation to bringing the fixed assets to its working condition for its intended life. The said cost is not reduced by specific Grants/ subsidy received against the assets.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to Profit or Loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.
Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in profit or loss within other gains/ (losses).
The useful lives, residual values and method of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively.
2. Capital Work in Progress - All costs attributable to the assets or incurred in relation to the assets under completion are aggregated under Capital work in progress to be allocated to individual assets on completion.
3. Lease hold land is capitalized with the lease premium paid; direct expenses/interest allocable to it till it is put to use.
6) DEPRECIATION & AMORTIZATION
1) Depreciation on Building, Plant and machinery, Furniture & fixtures, Vehicles and Computers is provided as per the Straight-Line Method (SLM), over the estimated useful lives of assets.
2) Lease hold land are amortized over the useful life remaining from the date, it put to use. The useful life of leasehold land is lease term remaining unexpired.
3) The Company depreciates its property, plant and equipment (PPE) over the useful life in the manner prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. Management believes that useful life of assets are same as those prescribed in Schedule II to the Act.
4) The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset. The assets residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.
5) Depreciation on additions / deletions is calculated pro-rata from the month of such addition / deletion, as the case maybe.
6) Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
7) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and short-term deposits in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and cash in hand and shortterm deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
Cash and cash equivalents include bank overdrafts are form an integral part of Company’s cash management.
8) BORROWING AND BORROWING COST
Borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, net of transaction cost incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction cost) and the redemption amount is recognized in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings, using the effective interest method. Fees paid on the established loan facilities are recognized as transaction cost of the loan, to the extent that it is probable that some or all the facility will be drawn down.
Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting
period. Costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of cost of such assets, all other Borrowing cost are charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss. Borrowing costs comprise of interest and other costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds.
9) LEASES
The Company’s lease assets largely contain leases for buildings/showrooms taken for warehouses and retail stores. At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease. If the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, then the contract is considered as lease. Following factors are considered to determine whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset:
(i) The contract encompasses the use of an identified asset.
(ii) The Company has extensively all of the economic benefits from use of the asset during the period of the lease; and
(iii) The Company is in position to direct the use of the asset.
On the beginning of the lease, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less and low value leases, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease provisions in which it is a lessee.
For leases with a term of twelve months or less and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Where the lease provisions include the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities adjusted only when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.
The ROU assets are initially accounted for at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. Subsequently they are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any.
ROU assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying ROU asset. Whenever events or changes in circumstances designate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable ROU assets are evaluated for recoverability.
The lease liabilities at the commencement are measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates. Lease liabilities are re-measured with a consistent change to the related ROU asset if the Company changes its appraisal about exercise of option for extension or termination.
Lease liabilities and ROU assets have been presented separately in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.
10) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in following categories:
A) Debt instruments at amortized cost
A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
All financial liabilities are recognized at fair value on initial recognition. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issue of financial liabilities, that are not at fair value through profit or loss are added to the fair value on initial recognition. After initial measurement, such financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the profit or loss.
B) Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
A ‘debt instrument’ is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b) The asset’s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the P&L. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from the equity to P&L. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.
C) Debt instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
In addition, the company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized
cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ‘accounting mismatch’). The company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L.
Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognized by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS103 (Business Combinations) applies are classified as at FVTPL. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L.
Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized when:
The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
The respective company has transferred their rights to receive cash flows from the asset or have assumed the obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass- through’ arrangement And
Either the Company:
(a) has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or
(b) has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but have transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the continuing involvement of Company. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the company could be required to repay.
Impairment of financial assets
The Company measures the expected credit loss associated with its assets based on historical trend, industry practices and the business environment in which the entity operates or any other appropriate basis. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.
Income recognition Interest income
Interest income from debt instruments is recognized using the effective interest rate method.
Dividends
Dividends are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established.
Interest Income
I nterest income is recognized on time proportion basis taking in to account the amount outstanding and rate applicable.
11) INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES, JOINT VENTURES AND ASSOCIATES
Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are recognized at cost as per Ind AS 27. Except where investments accounted for at cost shall be accounted for in accordance with Ind AS 105, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, when they are classified as held for sale.
12) INVENTORIES
I nventories are valued at the lower of Historic Cost or the Net Realizable Value. Costs are determined as under:
Bought Out Items: On FIFO method except raw hides (which is valued at Specific Identification Method) and Chemicals (Which is valued at weighted average).
I n the previous financial year cost of raw hides was determined at six months average purchase price in case of indigenous hides and full period weighted average price in case of imported hides as cost under Specific Method was not determinable and cost of chemicals in the previous financial was calculated using FIFO method.
In respect of bought out items where Input Tax Credit is permitted all recoverable taxes are excluded from purchase price for determining the cost.
1. Goods in Process: At cost plus estimated value addition/cost of conversion at each major stage of production.
2. Finished Goods: At direct cost-plus allocation of overheads (including interest on working capital) other than Marketing, Selling & Distribution Expenses and Interest on Term Loan.
13) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
(i) Functional and presentation currency
The financial statements are presented in Indian rupee ('), which is Company’s functional and presentation currency.
ii) Financial Instruments
Derivative financial instruments such as forward contracts, option contracts and cross currency swaps, to hedge its foreign currency risks are initially recognized at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period when they arise
(iii) Transactions and balances
Transactions in foreign currencies are recognized at the prevailing exchange rates on the transaction dates. Realized gains and losses on settlement of foreign currency transactions are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities at the year-end are translated at the year-end exchange rates and the resultant exchange differences are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
14) SEGMENT REPORTING
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker.
15) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGE ACCOUNTING
Cash flow hedges
The effective portion of changes in fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading of cash flow hedging reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in profit or loss.
Amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity relating to effective portion as described above are reclassified to profit or loss in the periods when the hedged item affects profit or loss, in the same line as the recognized hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non- financial asset or a nonfinancial liability, such gains or losses are transferred from equity (but not as a reclassification adjustment) and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognized when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognized immediately in profit or loss.
16) REVENUE RECOGNITION
The effective portion of changes in fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading of cash flow hedging reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in profit or loss.
Amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity relating to effective portion as described above are reclassified to profit or loss in the periods when the hedged item affects profit or loss, in the same line as the recognized hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non- financial asset or a nonfinancial liability, such gains or losses are transferred from equity (but not as a reclassification adjustment) and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognized when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognized immediately in profit or loss.
Other operating revenue - Export incentives
17) RECEIVABLES
Receivables are disclosed in Indian currency equivalent of actually invoiced values Receivables covered by bills of exchange purchased by the Company’s bankers are neither shown as assets nor liabilities. Contingent liability in the event of nonpayment of the same is reflected in the Notes to the Accounts.
18) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
(i) Short-term obligations
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including nonmonetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of employees’ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.
(ii) Leave Encashment
The liabilities for earned leave and sick leave are settled as when accrued within the financial year.
(iii) Post-employment obligations
The Company operates the following postemployment schemes:
(a) Defined benefit plans such as gratuity and pension; and
(b) Defined contribution plans such as provident fund etc.
Pension and gratuity obligations
The liability or asset recognized in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit pension and gratuity plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.
The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.
The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Re measurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.
Defined Contribution Plans
Defined Contribution Plans such as Provident Fund etc., are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred and deposited with the Government Provident Fund Scheme.
Termination benefits
Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognizes termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the Company recognizes costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the
number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.
19) TAXES ON INCOME
I ncome tax expense is recognized in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in other comprehensive income
The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period’s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses.
Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in the financial statement. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized, or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses, only if, it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilize those temporary differences and losses.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are off set where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Current and deferred tax is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively
Minimum Alternate Tax credit is recognized as deferred tax asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. Such asset is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and the carrying amount of the MAT credit asset is written down to the extent there is no longer a convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period
20) INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured in initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangibles, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.
The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.
I ntangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with finite life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period.
Subsequent measurement (amortization)
The cost of capitalized software is amortized over a period of 5 years from the date of its acquisition.
The cost of usage rights is being amortized over the concession period in the proportion in which the actual revenue received during the accounting year bears to the projected revenue from such intangible assets till the end of concession period.
21) EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per equity share are computed by dividing the net profit attributable after tax to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per equity share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.
22) PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS
Provision:
Provision is recognized in the accounts when there is a present obligation as a result of past event(s) and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made.
Contingent Liabilities:
Wherever there is a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity or a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognized because
(a) I t is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; or
(b) The amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability. Show cause notices are not considered as Contingent Liabilities unless converted into demand.
Contingent Asset:
Contingent asset is neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements
23) EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD
It is the Company’s Policy to take into the account the impact of any significant event that occurs after the reporting date but before the finalization of accounts
24) GOVERNMENT GRANTS:
Grants from the government are recognized at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and the Company will comply with all attached conditions.
Government grants receivable as compensation for expenses or financial support are recognized in profit or loss of the period in which it becomes available.
Government grants relating to the purchase of property, plant and equipment are accounted for as deferred Income by crediting the same to a specific reserve and are credited to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets and presented within other income.
The reserve to these Grants is diminished every year by a prorate portion of the depreciation of the assets, to amortize the grant overdue life of the assets. Where the Grants carry conditions of specific performance, the contingent aspect is disclosed in due notes to the accounts.
25) IMPAIRMENT OF TANGIBLE & INTANGIBLE ASSETS
(i) Financial assets (other than at fair value)
The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet whether a financial asset or a Company of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. In determining the allowances for doubtful trade receivables, the Company has used a practical expedient by computing the expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables based on a provision matrix. The provision matrix takes into account historical credit loss experience and is adjusted for forward looking information. The expected credit loss allowance is based on the ageing of the receivables that are due and allowance rates used in the provision matrix. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.
(ii) Non-financial assets
The company assess at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the company estimate the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an assets or cash-generating units (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
I n assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre -tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.
For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment
losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the company estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the Statement of Profit or Loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as an increase in revaluation.
26) OPERATING CYCLE FOR CURRENT AND NON-CURRENT CLASSIFICATION
Operating cycle for the business activities of the company covers the duration of the specific product line/ service including the defect liability period wherever applicable and extends up to the realization of receivables within the agreed credit period normally applicable to the respective lines of business.
27) ECGC Policy
As per the accounting policy of ECGC, only 90% of the claim amount is claimable from ECGC and for balance 10% of claim amount company has to made necessary provision.
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