2. Material accounting policies
2.1. Compliance with Ind AS
The Standalone Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter, read with Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act") and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III of the Act and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act") and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (“SEBI"), as applicable.
Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.
2.2. Basis of preparation and presentation
These Standalone Financial Statements have been prepared on an accrual basis as going concern and under historical cost convention except certain financial assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value (refer accounting policy no. 2.17 regarding financial instruments) as required under relevant Ind AS.
The Standalone Financial Statements are in accordance with Division II of Schedule III to the Act, as applicable to the Company.
(a) Functional and presentation of currency
The Standalone Financial Statements are prepared in Indian Rupees which is also the Company's functional currency. All amounts are rounded to the nearest rupees in Lakhs.
(b) Fair value measurement
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal market or the most advantageous market must be accessible to the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
Fair values have been determined for measurement and / or disclosure purpose using methods as prescribed in “Ind AS 113 Fair Value Measurement".
2.3. Presentation and disclosure of standalone financial statement
All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per Company's normal cycle and other criteria set out in the division II of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013 for a company whose Standalone Financial Statements are made in compliance with the Companies (India Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.
Based on the nature of service and the time between rendering of services and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, 12 months has been considered by the Company for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities.
2.4. Trade receivables:
Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. If the receivable is expected to be collected within a period of 12 months or less from the reporting date (or in the normal operating cycle of the business, if longer), they are classified as current assets, otherwise as noncurrent assets.
Trade receivables are measured at their transaction price unless it contains a significant financing component or pricing adjustments embedded in the contract. In case a financing component exists the consideration for the goods and service is adjusted for the time value of company
Loss allowance for expected life time credit loss is recognized on initial recognition.
2.5. Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government and discounts given to the customers.
(i) Revenue comprises rendering of services is recognized on an accrual basis as and when services are rendered based on the terms of the contract. Sales of services are recognized net of indirect taxes and discounts. Revenue yet to be billed is recognized as unbilled revenue and billing in excess of contract revenue has been reflected as advance billed revenue.
(ii) For all financial instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR), which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss.
(iii) Income from Investment in Partnership Firms:
Share of profit/loss in Partnership firms is recognized when the right to receive is established as per agreement/ agreed terms between all the partners/members.
2.6. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs (net of interest income on temporary investments) that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset till such time such asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. Ancillary cost of borrowings in respect of loans not disbursed are carried forward and accounted as borrowing cost in the year of disbursement of loan. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest expenses calculated as per effective interest method, exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are treated as an adjustment to the borrowing cost and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
2.7. Leases Company as a lessee
At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
The company has elected not to recognize right of use asset and lease liability for low value asset and short term leases. The Company has recognized the lease payment associated with these leases as an expense on straight line basis over the lease term.
At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of their relative standalone prices.
The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprise of the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date net of lease incentive received, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located.
The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use asset is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company's incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Identification of a lease requires material judgment. The Company uses material judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate. The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. In assessing whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive for the Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise the option to terminate the lease. The Company revises the lease term if there is a change in the non¬ cancellable period of a lease.
2.8. Foreign currency transaction
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. As at the Balance Sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are translated at closing exchange rate. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of foreign currency monetary items are recognized as income or expense in the year in which they arise.
Foreign non-monetary currency items which are carried at historical cost are reported using the exchange rate at the date of transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e. translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognized in OCI or profit or loss are also recognized in OCI or profit or loss respectively).
2.9. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets:
Carrying amount of tangible and intangible assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered as impairment loss. These are treated as impaired when the carrying cost thereof exceeds its recoverable value. Recoverable value is higher of the asset's net selling price or value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount receivable from the sale of an asset in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the cost of disposal. An impairment loss is charged for when an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.
2.10. Non-current assets held for disposal and discontinued operations
Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. They are measured at the lower level of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits and financial assets which are specifically exempt from this requirement.
An impairment loss is recognized for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognized for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognized. A gain or loss not previously recognized by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognized at the date of de-recognition.
Non-current assets (including those that are part of a disposal group) are not depreciated or amortized while they are classified as held for sale.
Non-current assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets and liabilities in the balance sheet.
2.11. Taxes on income
Tax expenses for the year comprises of current tax, deferred tax charge or credit and adjustments of taxes for earlier years. In respect of amounts adjusted outside profit or loss (i.e. in other comprehensive income or equity), the corresponding tax effect, if any, is also adjusted outside profit or loss.
Provision for current tax is made as per the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.
Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and its tax base. A deferred tax liability is recognized based on the expected manner of realization or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using tax rates enacted, or substantively enacted, by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except, when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss. Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.
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